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Entering the U.S. from Canada, Mexico, the Caribbean, and Bermuda

Learn what travel documents you need to enter the U.S. from Canada, Mexico, the Caribbean, or Bermuda.

To strengthen U.S. border security, the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI) sets standards for proving identity and citizenship for citizens of the U.S., Canada, and Bermuda crossing U.S. borders. These standards determine what travel documents U.S. and non-U.S. citizens need to enter the U.S. from Canada, Mexico, the Caribbean, and Bermuda. Travelers who enter from Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and other U.S. territories are not affected by WHTI standards.

Visit the Department of Homeland Security's WHTI FAQ page to find the specific travel documents you will need to enter the U.S. from these locations by air, land, and sea.

LAST UPDATED: May 24, 2024

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Home Legal Answers USA Travel and Immigration Visiting the USA Do Canadians need a passport or other travel document to enter the USA?

Canadian citizens

Canadians citizens visiting the USA for pleasure may visit for up-to six months without a visa. If travelling for pleasure and entering by air they are only required to have a valid passport or NEXUS card to enter the USA. There are many rules regarding travelling to the USA as a visitor, student, or to work. To get help, ask a lawyer now.

If coming by land or sea , Canadian citizens are required to present a Canadian passport or one the following travel documents:

• Enhanced Driver’s License / Enhanced Identification Card (see below – programs are being phased out)
• SENTRI enrollment cards

Canadian passport

To apply for a Canadian passport, you must be 16 years of age or older. You must submit an application to Passport Canada (part of Citizenship and Immigration Canada) along with the following:

• two identical passport photos taken within the last 12 months,
• proof of citizenship,
• proof of identity, and

For more information on how to apply for a Canadian passport, visit  Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada .

Children aged 15 years and younger

Canadian citizens aged 15 years old and younger:

• If travelling to the USA by air must have a Canadian passport or a valid NEXUS card.
• If travelling to the USA by land or sea , in addition to a passport, other proof of citizenship is allowed, such as an original or copy of his or her birth certificate or a Canadian Citizenship Card.

Enhanced Driver’s License / Enhanced Identification Card

Enhanced Driver’s Licenses or Enhanced Identification Cards (known as EDLs) are documents that can be used instead of a passport for purposes of cross-border travel into the USA at land and water ports of entry.

The EDL program is in the process of being phased out in the following provinces where they were originally offered:

• British Columbia  – The program will be phased out over a five-year period, ending in September of 2025, when all current cards will have expired. Active licences and ID cards will remain valid through their expiry, and existing cards will not be renewed
• Ontario  – The EDL program ended in June 2019, however, those with valid EDLs can continue using them until they expire.

NEXUS membership is available to any law-abiding citizen or permanent resident of the United States or Canada. The program allows pre-screened, low risk travellers to more easily enter the USA and Canada. Travellers interested in participating in NEXUS must complete the application through the Global Online Enrollment System Website (GOES).

Nexus card holders will be processed with little or no delay by USA and Canadian officials at:

• designated highway lanes at high volume border crossing locations,
• at a NEXUS kiosk at Canadian airports, and
• at certain marine reporting locations in the Great Lakes and Seattle, Washington regions.

The Free and Secure Trade Program (FAST) is only available for commercial truck drivers. A FAST pass is available to Canadian and USA citizens with commercial driving licenses. A FAST membership card acts as proof of identity and citizenship when entering Canada in all highway lanes, including regular, non-dedicated lanes, as well as by water.

SENTRI Card

The Secure Electronic Network for Travelers Rapid Inspection (SENTRI) is a program that gives pre-screened, low-risk, pre-approved travellers expedited clearance through designated vehicle traffic lanes along the Southern land border ports (Mexican border). Applicants must undergo an extensive background and criminal record check, as well as an in-person interview.

Canadian permanent residents

Whether a permanent resident of Canada requires a visa to visit the USA depends on their country of citizenship and if they have the appropriate travel documents. The Visa Waiver Program (VWP), administered by the Department of Homeland Security, permits citizens of  38 countries to travel to the USA for business (limited activities) or as tourists for stays of up-to 90 days without a visa.

To be exempt from obtaining a visitor visa, the person must:

• be a citizen of a country that is eligible for the Visa Waiver Program (VWP),
• have a valid e-Passport, and
• have a valid Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA) approval prior to travel

Individuals with Canadian Refugee status (convention refugees and people in need of protection) wishing to travel to the USA are subject to the same requirements as Canadian permanent residents. However, in place of a passport, they must have a Refugee Travel Document. Applications for Refugee Travel Document are made to Passport Canada, and must include proof of status in Canada.

Native American Indians born in Canada

An Aboriginal person, who qualifies as a “Native American Indian born in Canada with at least 50% American Indian blood” does not require a visa and passport to enter the USA by land. Instead, they should have their tribal identity card to present to the CBP Officer. However, if travelling to the USA by air, they do require a passport.

There are many rules regarding travelling to the USA as a visitor, student, or to work, often involving Visas and travel permits. To get help, ask a lawyer now.

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Visitor Visa

Visa Waiver Program

Travel Without a Visa

Citizens of Canada and Bermuda

Generally, a citizen of a foreign country who wishes to travel to the United States must first obtain a visa, either a nonimmigrant visa for a temporary stay, or an immigrant visa for permanent residence. Visitor visas are nonimmigrant visas for persons who want to enter the United States temporarily for business (B-1 visa), for tourism (B-2 visa), or for a combination of both purposes (B-1/B-2 visa).

Here are some examples of activities permitted with a visitor visa:

Business (B-1)

• Consult with business associates
• Attend a scientific, educational, professional, or business convention or conference
• Settle an estate
• Negotiate a contract

Tourism (B-2)

• Vacation (holiday)
• Visit with friends or relatives
• Medical treatment
• Participation in social events hosted by fraternal, social, or service organizations
• Participation by amateurs in musical, sports, or similar events or contests, if not being paid for participating
• Enrollment in a short recreational course of study, not for credit toward a degree (for example, a two-day cooking class while on vacation)

Travel Purposes Not Permitted On Visitor Visas

These are some examples of activities that require different categories of visas and cannot be done while on a visitor visa:

• Paid performances, or any professional performance before a paying audience
• Arrival as a crewmember on a ship or aircraft
• Work as foreign press, in radio, film, print journalism, or other information media
• Permanent residence in the United States

Birth tourism (travel for the primary purpose of giving birth in the United States to obtain U.S. citizenship for their child) is not permissible on a visitor visa.

How to Apply

There are several steps to apply for a visa. The order of these steps and how you complete them may vary by U.S. Embassy or Consulate. Please consult the instructions on the  U.S. Embassy or Consulate website .

Complete the Online Visa Application

• Online Nonimmigrant Visa Application, Form DS-160 – Learn more about completing the DS-160 . You must: 1) complete the online visa application and 2) print the application form confirmation page to bring to your interview.
• Photo – You will upload your photo while completing the online Form DS-160. Your photo must meet the Photograph Requirements .

Schedule an Interview

Interviews are generally required for visa applicants with certain limited exceptions below. Consular officers may require an interview of any visa applicant.

You should generally schedule an appointment for your visa interview at the  U.S. Embassy or Consulate  in the country where you live. You may schedule your interview at another U.S. Embassy or Consulate where you will be present but aware that in some cases it may be more difficult to demostrate your qualifications for a visa outside of the country where you live.

Wait times for interview appointments vary by location, season, and visa category, so you should apply for your visa early. Review the interview wait time for the location where you will apply: 

Appointment Wait Time

Check the estimated wait time for a nonimmigrant visa interview appointment at a U.S. Embassy or Consulate.

Note:  Please check the individual Embassy or Consulate website to determine if your case is eligible for a waiver of the in-person interview.

Applicants scheduling visa appointments in a location different from their place of residence should check post websites for nonresident wait times.

Select a U.S. Embassy or Consulate:

Prepare for your interview.

• Fees - Pay the non-refundable visa application fee , if you are required to pay it before your interview. If your visa is approved, you may also need to pay a visa issuance fee, if applicable to your nationality. Fee information is provided below:

Select your nationality to see Issuance Fee

• Review the instructions available on the website of the  U.S. Embassy or Consulate  where you will apply to learn more about fee payment.

Gather Required Documentation

Gather and prepare the following required documents before your visa interview:

• Passport valid for travel to the United States – Your passport must be valid for at least six months beyond your period of stay in the United States (unless exempt by country-specific agreements ). Each individual who needs a visa must submit a separate application, including any family members listed in your passport.
• Nonimmigrant Visa Application, Form DS-160 confirmation page.
• Application fee payment receipt, if you are required to pay before your interview.
• Photo – You will upload your photo while completing the online Form DS-160. If the photo upload fails, you must bring one printed photo in the format explained in the Photograph Requirements .

Additional Documentation May Be Required

Review the instructions for how to apply for a visa on the website of the U.S. Embassy or Consulate where you will apply. Additional documents may be requested to establish if you are qualified. For example, additional requested documents may include evidence of:

• The purpose of your trip,
• Your intent to depart the United States after your trip, and/or
• Your ability to pay all costs of the trip.   

Evidence of your employment and/or your family ties may be sufficient to show the purpose of your trip and your intent to return to your home country. If you cannot cover all the costs for your trip, you may show evidence that another person will cover some or all costs for your trip.

Note:  Visa applicants must qualify based on their ties abroad/to their home country, rather than assurances from U.S. family and friends. A letter of invitation or Affidavit of Support is not needed to apply for a visitor visa. If you choose to bring a letter of invitation or Affidavit of Support to your interview, please remember it is not one of the factors used in determining whether to issue or deny the visa.

Attend Your Visa Interview

A consular officer will interview you to determine whether you are qualified to receive a visitor visa. You must establish that you meet the requirements under U.S. law to receive a visa.  Ink-free, digital fingerprint scans are taken as part of the application process. They are usually taken during your interview, but this varies based on location.

After your visa interview, the consular officer may determine that your application requires further  administrative processing .  The consular officer will inform you if this required.

After the visa is approved, you may need to pay a visa issuance fee (if applicable to your nationality), and make arrangements for the return of the passport and visa to you.  Review the  visa processing times  to learn more.

Entering the United States

A visa allows a foreign citizen to travel to a U.S. port-of-entry (generally an airport) and request permission to enter the United States. A visa does not guarantee entry into the United States. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS), U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) officials at the port-of-entry have authority to permit or deny admission to the United States. If you are allowed to enter the United States, the CBP official will provide an admission stamp or a paper Form I-94, Arrival/Departure Record. Learn more about admissions and entry requirements, restrictions about bringing food, agricultural products, and other restricted/prohibited goods, and more by reviewing the CBP website .

Extending Your Stay

See  Extend Your Stay  on the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) website to learn about requesting to extend your stay beyond the date indicated on your admission stamp or paper Form I-94. 

Failure to depart the United States on time will result in being  out of status . Under U.S. law, visas of individuals who are out of status are automatically voided ( Section 222(g) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ).  Any multiple entry visa that was voided due to being out of status will not be valid for future entries into the United States. 

Failure to depart the United States on time may also result in you being ineligible for visas in the future. Review  Visa Denials  and  Ineligibilities and Waivers: Laws  to learn more.

Change of Status

If your plans change while in the United States (for example, you marry a U.S. citizen or receive an offer of employment), you may be able to request a change in your nonimmigrant status to another category through U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). See  Change My Nonimmigrant Status  on the USCIS website to learn more.

While you are in the United States, receiving a change of status from USCIS does not require you to apply for a new visa.  However, once you depart the United States you must apply for a new visa at a U.S. Embassy or Consulate in the appropriate category for your travel.

Additional Information

• An individual on a visitor visa (B1/B2) is not permitted to accept employment or work in the United States.
• There is no guarantee you will be issued a visa. Do not make final travel plans or buy tickets until you have a visa.
• A valid U.S. visa in an expired passport is still valid. Unless canceled or revoked, a visa is valid until its expiration date. If you have a valid visa in your expired passport, do not remove it from your expired passport. You may use your valid visa in your expired passport along with a new valid passport for travel and admission to the United States. 

Travel for Medical Treatment

If you are seeking medical treatment in the United States, the consular officer may ask for further documents at your visa interview, which may include:

• Medical diagnosis from a local physician, explaining the nature of the ailment and the reason you need treatment in the United States.
• Letter from a physician or medical facility in the United States, stating they are willing to treat your specific ailment and detailing the projected length and cost of treatment (including doctors’ fees, hospitalization fees, and all medical-related expenses).
• Proof that your transportation, medical, and living expenses in the United States will be paid. This may be in the form of bank or other statements of income/savings or certified copies of income tax returns (either yours or the person or organization paying for your treatment).

Visitor Visas for Personal or Domestic Employees (B-1)

You may apply for a B-1 visitor visa to work in the United States as a personal or domestic employee for your employer in limited situations. You may for a visitor visa as a domestic employee if, among other requirements, your employer is:

• A U.S. citizen who has a permanent home or is stationed in a foreign country, but is visiting or is assigned to the United States temporarily; or
• A foreign citizen who is in the United States on one of the following nonimmigrant visa categories:  B, E, F, H, I, J, L, M, O, P, Q or TN.

Learn more about your rights in the United States and protection available to you by reading the Legal Rights and Protections pamphlet.

Visa Renewal

Whether you are applying for the first time or renewing your visa, you will use the same application process (please review How to Apply , above). Some applicants seeking to renew their visas in certain visa classes may be eligible for the Interview Waiver (IW) which allows qualified individuals to apply for visa renewals without being interviewed in person by a U.S. consular officer. Review the instructions on the website of the U.S. Embassy or Consulate where you will apply to determine if IW is available and if you qualify.

Do I need a visa if I have an ABTC?

Yes, you will still need a visa to travel to the United States, unless you qualify for the  Visa Waiver Program . Having an Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Business Travelers Card (ABTC) does not change visa requirements, your visa status, or the visa process for travel to the United States.

How can I use my ABTC when I apply for my visa?

If you have an Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Business Travelers Card (ABTC), you might be able to schedule an expedited visa interview appointment. Review the instructions for scheduling expedited appointments on the website of the  embassy or consulate  where you will apply. 

Visa Annotations for Certain Maritime Industry Workers

Certain foreign maritime workers are eligible to apply for a Transportation Worker Identification Credential (TWIC) once in the U.S. If you, as a maritime industry worker, will perform services in secure port areas, your visa must be annotated “TWIC Letter Received.” Workers whose visas are not annotated will not be permitted by the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) to apply for a TWIC.

In order for your visa to be annotated, you must obtain a letter from your employer explaining the need for a TWIC and that you are a potential TWIC applicant. See a template example of this letter. You must present this letter when you apply for the B-1 visa. You must meet all other eligibility requirements for a B-1 visa. 

Complete information about the TWIC program is available on TSA’s website at  https://www.tsa.gov/for-industry/twic .

Visa Denial and Ineligibility

Review  Visa Denials  for detailed information about visa ineligibilities, denials and waivers.

I was refused a visa, under Section 214(b). May I reapply?

Yes, if you feel circumstances have changed regarding your application. Review  Visa Denials  to learn more.

Misrepresentation or Fraud

Attempting to obtain a visa by the willful misrepresentation of a material fact, or fraud, may result in the permanent refusal of a visa or denial of entry into the United States.

Review  Ineligibilities and Waivers: Laws .

Citizens of Canada and Bermuda generally do not require visas to enter the United States, for visit, tourism and temporary business travel purposes. For more information see  U.S. Embassy Ottawa website ,  U.S. Consulate Hamilton website  and  CBP website .

Additional resources for Canadian visitors to the United States can be found on the U.S. Embassy and Consulate websites in Canada.

Citizens of China

In accordance with the agreement signed between the United States and China to extend visa validity, beginning on November 29, 2016, Chinese citizens with 10-year B1, B2 or B1/B2 visas in Peoples’ Republic of China passports will be required to update their biographical and other information from their visa application via a website every two years, or upon getting a new passport or B1, B2, or B1/B2 visa, whichever occurs first.  This mechanism is called EVUS - Electronic Visa Update System.

The EVUS website is now open to the public for enrollments at www.EVUS.gov .  CBP will not collect a fee for EVUS enrollment at this time. CBP anticipates the eventual implementation of an EVUS enrollment fee, but does not have a time frame. Until the implementation of a fee, travelers can enroll in EVUS without charge.  The Department of Homeland Security, Customs and Border Protection (CBP) will keep visa holders informed of new information throughout the year. For further information, please visit  www.cbp.gov/EVUS .‎

Citizens of Mexico

Citizens and permanent residents of Mexico generally must have a nonimmigrant visa or Border Crossing Card (also known as a "Laser Visa"). For ease of travel, the B-1/B-2 and the Border Crossing Card have been combined into one document (DSP-150). Select  Border Crossing Card  to learn more about this card.

Please visit  U.S. Embassy or Consulate  websites for more information regarding applying for a visa at the U.S. Embassy or Consulates in Mexico.

Further Questions

• Case-Specific Questions - Contact the U.S. Embassy or Consulate handling your visa application for status information. Select  U.S. Embassy or Consulate  for contact information.
• General Questions - review  Contact Us .

Visa Waiver Program  (VWP)

Tourist or business travelers who are citizens of participating countries may be eligible to visit the United States without a visa. Visits must be 90 days or less, and travelers must meet all requirements.

Citizens of Canada and Bermuda generally do not need visas for tourism and visits.

More Information

A-Z Index Legal Rights & Protections Lost/Stolen Travel Documents Denials Fraud Warning Visa Expiration Date Automatic Revalidation Nonimmigrants in the United States–Applying for Visas in Canada or Mexico Visa Applicants - State Sponsors of Terrorism Border Security/Safety Find a U.S. Embassy or Consulate Customer Service Statement

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Canadian passports.

A passport is the only reliable and universally accepted travel identification document and it proves that you have a right to return to Canada 

Canadian Travel Number

Avoid delays at the airport because your name is the same as, or similar to, that of someone on the No Fly List ( Secure Air Travel Act list)

NEXUS                                                  

If you travel between Canada and the United States often, a NEXUS card will save you time at the border

Permanent resident card

Permanent residents of Canada need a permanent resident card to re-enter Canada

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Information on the identification documents you need to bring to the airport

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Acceptable documents, establishing your personal identity, your citizenship

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Find out whether you need a visa for your destination and get it well in advance of your trip

Certificate of Canadian citizenship

A Canadian citizenship certificate is not a valid travel document

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International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis

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CANPASS - Private aircraft

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Consent letter for children travelling abroad.

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Information for Canadian dual citizens who are travelling to another country where they have citizenship

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Buy travel insurance before you travel outside Canada. Bring your insurance information with you. You may need to prove you have travel insurance to enter some countries

Mobile Passport Control app

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Find helpful information on health and safety, travel documents, baggage, airport security, country advice and more.

Information on a recommended consent letter for Canadian children travelling abroad.

You need a valid Canadian passport to board a flight to Canada.

Can a Canadian Permanent Resident Travel to USA? Your Guide.

As a Canadian permanent resident, you may wonder if you can travel to the USA. The good news is that Canadian permanent residents are generally allowed to enter the United States for tourism, business, or other purposes. However, there are specific entry and exit requirements that you need to be aware of before planning your trip. Let’s explore the details.

Key Takeaways:

• Canadian permanent residents can travel to the USA for tourism, business, or other purposes.
• There are specific entry and exit requirements that need to be met.
• Visa requirements depend on the country of citizenship for Canadian permanent residents.
• The Department of Homeland Security and Customs and Border Protection have authority over entry into the USA.
• Consult the U.S. Embassy and Consulate websites for up-to-date information on traveling to the USA.

Risk Level and Safety and Security in the USA

When traveling to the United States, it is essential to consider the risk level, safety, and security measures in place. While most of the country is safe for travelers, it’s necessary to be aware of specific areas that may pose higher risks.

Risk Level in the United States

Along the border with Mexico, in states like Arizona, California, New Mexico, and Texas, criminal incidents related to drug trafficking may occur more frequently.

Travelers should exercise increased caution in these areas and use officially recognized border crossings when crossing the U.S.-Mexico border by car. It’s important to stay vigilant and follow local law enforcement guidance.

There may be instances of petty crime, such as pickpocketing, in urban centers and tourist locations. Travelers should be mindful of their belongings and take necessary precautions to protect their valuables.

Entry and Exit Requirements for Canadian Permanent Residents

As a Canadian permanent resident planning to travel to the United States, you must familiarize yourself with the entry and exit requirements. These requirements ensure a smooth and hassle-free travel experience. Here are the key details you need to know:

• Traveling by Air: When traveling by air, you must present a valid passport for the duration of your stay or a valid NEXUS card at self-serve kiosks. This applies to both entry and exit from the United States.
• Traveling by Land or Water: If you’re entering the United States by land or water, you may need a valid passport, a Trusted Traveler Program card, an enhanced driver’s license (EDL), or other approved travel documents. It’s essential to check the specific requirements based on your travel purpose and the duration of your stay.

In addition to these requirements, it’s always recommended to carry your Canadian permanent resident card or other proof of your status as a Canadian permanent resident when traveling to the United States.

Remember, having the necessary documentation and meeting the entry and exit requirements is essential for hassle-free travel as a Canadian permanent resident.

Visa Requirements for Canadian Permanent Residents

The visa requirements for Canadian permanent residents vary depending on their country of citizenship.

If you are a citizen of a country eligible for the Visa Waiver Program, you may be able to visit the U.S. for up to 90 days without a visa. However, if you are not eligible for the Visa Waiver Program or your stay in the U.S. exceeds 90 days, you must apply for a nonimmigrant visa.

The Visa Waiver Program lets people from certain countries visit the U.S. for tourism or business without a visa. To qualify, you need a valid e-passport and approval through ESTA.

This program provides convenience for Canadian permanent residents who meet the requirements and plan to visit the U.S. temporarily.

However, you must apply for a nonimmigrant visa if you are not eligible for the Visa Waiver Program or plan to stay in the U.S. for longer than 90 days.

The reason for your trip determines the visa you require, be it for work, study, or joining a family member. Review the criteria and application procedures for the particular nonimmigrant visa category that suits your situation.

Disclaimer: The table info is just a general guide. Visa rules can change, so check the exact requirements for your country and the reason for traveling.

Permanent Residents of Canada and the Visa Waiver Program

As a permanent resident of Canada, you may be eligible for the Visa Waiver Program (VWP) when traveling to the United States. The VWP allows individuals from participating countries to visit the U.S. for business or pleasure for up to 90 days without needing a visa.

To qualify for the VWP, you must be a citizen of a participating country, possess a valid e-Passport, and have obtained ESTA approval. This streamlined process makes it easier for Canadian permanent residents to travel to the United States.

When getting ready for your trip, bring evidence of your Permanent Resident Status in Canada for your return. This could be your permanent resident card or travel document.

Also, have all the essential travel documents, including your passport and any extra paperwork that U.S. Customs and Border Protection officers might ask for.

While the VWP allows for visa-free travel, it’s essential to remember that it has certain limitations. The 90-day period is not extendable, and you must leave the United States before your authorized stay ends.

If you plan to stay in the U.S. for longer than the allowed 90 days or for purposes other than those permitted under the VWP, you must apply for a nonimmigrant visa before your trip.

Participating Countries in the Visa Waiver Program

Visa Requirements for Canadian Permanent Residents from Specific Countries

If you’re a permanent resident of Canada originally from India, you need to request a U.S. Visitor Visa. This visa lets you travel to the United States for different reasons, such as tourism, business, medical treatment, or participating in conferences and workshops. Review the visa requirements based on your citizenship to ensure a hassle-free entry into the United States.

The U.S. Department of State’s official website provides comprehensive information on visa requirements and the application process, making it easier to understand the specific steps you need to take.

Remember to allow ample time for visa processing, as it can take several weeks or months, depending on your situation.

Table: Visa Requirements for Canadian Permanent Residents from Specific Countries

It’s important to note that visa requirements may change over time, so it’s always a good idea to check for any updates or changes before planning your trip.

To find out what you need for a visa, contact the U.S. embassy or consulate where you live. They’ll give you the most current info.

Additional Resources for Canadian Visitors to the United States

Here are some additional resources Canadian visitors can utilize to ensure a smooth and hassle-free trip to the United States.

U.S. Embassy and Consulate Websites in Canada

The U.S. Embassy and Consulate websites in Canada are excellent sources of information for Canadian visitors. These websites offer detailed guidance on visa requirements, entry procedures, and travel advisories.

You can also find contact information for the embassy or consulate nearest your location, allowing you to reach out for any specific queries or concerns.

U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) Website

The U.S. CBP website provides comprehensive information on admissions, entry requirements, and restrictions.

This resource can help you understand the processes of entering the United States, including the required documents, customs procedures, and guidelines for bringing restricted items.

Canadian Government Travel Advisories

It’s always wise to stay informed about travel advisories issued by the Canadian government. These advisories provide essential updates on safety and security measures in various countries, including the United States.

Department of Homeland Security and Customs and Border Protection

Before traveling to the United States as a permanent resident of Canada, it’s essential to familiarize yourself with the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and Customs and Border Protection (CBP). These organizations are crucial for safeguarding the security and safety of the United States at its borders and entry points.

The DHS is responsible for preventing terrorism, securing borders, enforcing immigration laws, safeguarding cyberspace, and managing disaster response efforts.

CBP, a branch within the DHS, focuses explicitly on regulating and facilitating international trade, collecting import duties, and enforcing U.S. regulations regarding immigration, customs, and agriculture.

As a Canadian permanent resident, you will come into contact with CBP officials when entering the United States at a port of entry.

These officials have the authority to permit or deny admission into the country, so it’s crucial to understand and comply with their requirements and procedures. Be prepared to present your valid passport, visa (if applicable), and other necessary travel documents, as requested by CBP.

In conclusion, as a Canadian permanent resident, your dream of traveling to the United States can become a reality. By understanding and complying with the entry and exit requirements and visa regulations (if applicable) and following the necessary procedures, you can have a smooth and enjoyable trip to the USA.

It is crucial to stay well-informed and prepared by keeping up-to-date with the latest travel information and resources. Consult Canada’s U.S. Embassy and Consulate websites for specific and up-to-date information on traveling to the United States.

Review the Department of Homeland Security and Customs and Border Protection (CBP) websites for essential details that may affect your entry into the country.

Remember, whether you’re going for business or pleasure, a successful journey to the USA as a Canadian permanent resident is within reach. Safe travels!

Can Canadian permanent residents travel to the USA?

Yes, Canadian permanent residents are generally allowed to enter the United States for tourism, business, or other purposes.

Is it safe to travel to the USA?

While the majority of the country is safe for travelers, there are some areas along the border with Mexico where criminal incidents related to drug trafficking are more common. It’s essential to remain vigilant and cautious of petty crime in urban centers and tourist locations.

What documents do Canadian permanent residents need to enter the USA?

When traveling by air, you must present a valid passport for your stay or a valid NEXUS card at self-serve kiosks. If you’re entering by land or water, you may need a valid passport, a Trusted Traveler Program card, an enhanced driver’s license (EDL), or other approved travel documents.

Do Canadian permanent residents need a visa to enter the USA?

It depends on your country of citizenship. If you are a citizen of a country eligible for the Visa Waiver Program, you may visit the U.S. for up to 90 days without a visa. If you are not eligible for the Visa Waiver Program or plan to visit the U.S. for over 90 days, you may need to apply for a nonimmigrant visa.

Are permanent residents of Canada eligible for the Visa Waiver Program?

Yes, permanent residents of Canada may be eligible for the Visa Waiver Program if they are citizens of a participating country, possess a valid e-Passport, and have obtained ESTA approval.

What are the visa requirements for Canadian permanent residents from specific countries?

The visa rules can differ based on your citizenship. For instance, if you’re a permanent resident of Canada originally from India, you’ll need to seek a U.S. Visitor Visa. Reviewing the visa requirements that apply specifically to your country of citizenship is crucial.

Are there additional resources available for Canadian visitors to the USA?

Yes, additional resources are available, including information on entering the country, business travel, visa exemptions, and more. It’s recommended to consult Canada’s U.S. Embassy and Consulate websites for specific and up-to-date information on traveling to the United States.

What are the entry requirements for citizens of Bermuda?

Citizens of Bermuda generally do not require a nonimmigrant visa for stays up to 180 days. However, there are specific travel purposes where a nonimmigrant visa is required. It’s crucial to review the visa requirements that apply to your trip, considering the purpose of your travel and how long you plan to stay.

What is the role of the Department of Homeland Security and Customs and Border Protection?

The Department of Homeland Security and Customs and Border Protection (CBP) officials have the authority to permit or deny admission to the United States at the port of entry. Reviewing the CBP website for information on admissions, entry requirements, and other vital details that may affect your entry into the United States is essential.

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How to apply

Additional changes to entry, testing and quarantine requirements in response to the Omicron variant

There are temporary changes for all travellers, including Canadian citizens, regardless of their vaccination status.

Additional restrictions and requirements now apply to these countries:

• Botswana, Egypt, Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Zimbabwe

News release

Changes to border measures

New border measures include

• rules for re-entering Canada, if leaving for 72 hours or less
• who is considered fully vaccinated
• rules for travelling within Canada

Starting January 15, 2022, there will be new rules for who can enter Canada as an unvaccinated or partially vaccinated traveller.

Learn more about the new measures

Venezuelan passport holders

You may need to complete extra steps when you fill out your application .

If the printed expiry date on your Venezuelan passport has passed

If the printed expiry date has passed and you’re applying for a visitor visa, study permit, work permit or to extend your stay as a temporary resident in Canada, follow these steps:

• Add 5 years to the printed expiry date shown on your passport and enter it in the expiry date field of the application form.
• Include a letter of explanation with your application stating: “I am a Venezuelan national with a Venezuelan passport, which has been extended for 5 years”.

Warning: If your passport is still expired after adding 5 years to the printed expiry date, your passport is considered expired. You’re not eligible to submit an application with that passport.

Prepare documents and apply

The reason you’re traveling to Canada determines the way you apply and the documents you need to submit with your visa application.

Why are you applying for a visitor visa?

• To visit as a tourist
• To visit for business
• To visit your spouse or partner who has sponsored you for permanent residence

What is your family member’s status in Canada?

• Canadian citizen
• Person registered under Canada’s Indian Act
• Canadian permanent resident
• Temporary resident in Canada
• For compassionate reasons
• To join a vessel as a marine crew member (known as a “seafarer”)
• None of the above

Do you plan to visit your children or grandchildren for more than 6 months?

You may be eligible to apply for a Super Visa

A super visa lets you visit your children or grandchildren for 5 years at a time. It’s a visa that provides multiple entries for a period up to 10 years.

Find out how to apply for a Super Visa

Step 1 Gather documents

Gather these documents to submit with your visa application and bring when you travel.

About the documents listed

• Not all documents listed below are required—some are optional.
• This is not an exhaustive list of acceptable proof to support your visa application.
• Only submit the recommended documents that prove you’re eligible for a visa.
• Even if you submit all the documents listed, there is no guarantee that we’ll approve your application.
• We may request more information from you in addition to what is listed here.

Documents we accept:

• passports (regular, official or diplomatic)  from most countries (see exceptions below)
• alien’s passport for stateless persons
• US Permit to Re-Enter (Form I-327)
• US Refugee Travel Document (Form I-571)
• other refugee travel documents for non-citizens

Documents we don’t accept:

• any passport issued by Somalia
• non-machine-readable passports issued by the Czech Republic
• temporary passports issued by the Republic of South Africa
• provisional passports issued by Venezuela

A clear, colour copy of your valid passport or travel document that you’ll use to travel to Canada

If you have a passport, you must provide a copy of

• the page that shows your birth date and country of origin
• any pages with stamps, visas or markings

If you have a travel document, it must be issued by a government and include your

• date of birth
• document number
• citizenship or residency status
• expiry date (if applicable)

Submit this document with your visa application.

Family members or third parties who apply on behalf of the applicant need to complete this form.

Submit the completed form with your visa application.

Each applicant 18 years or older must complete this form.

Submit the completed form with your visa application

Documents needed depend on whether a child under 18 years of age will travel with only 1 parent, with a relative or friend or alone.

You may need to show

• a letter that authorizes the minor child to travel to Canada
• other documents, such as adoption papers or a custody decree, depending on if the minor child travels alone or not

Consult Minor children travelling to Canada .

Submit these with your visa application.

• Show the border services officer when you arrive in Canada.

If you’ve travelled to Canada or to other countries, this can show that you’ve been able to get a visa in the past.

Proof of this includes copies of previous visas in your passport.

Include a clear copy of 1 or more of the following:

• your previous passports and/or visas (used within the last 10 years to travel outside your country)
• entry and exit stamps
• study and/or work permits that indicate your duration outside of your country
• expired or valid visas

Submit this document with your visa application

Documents that show how long you plan to stay and what you’ll do in Canada

Include copies of any of the following:

• flight details
• proof of accommodation
• registration for an event

This can help us understand if you have enough money to support yourself during your stay in Canada.

Bank name and contact This allows us to contact your bank or financial institution with questions.

Proof it is your account Your name and address on the statement show that the account is yours.

Account details At least 6 months of account details, including balances, helps us understand your financial situation.

Use this form if you want to allow Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) to release your personal information to someone you choose.

The person you choose will be able to get information on your case file, such as the status of your application.

Business visitor

A clear, colour copy of your valid passport or travel document that you'll use to travel to Canada

Submit this with your visa application.

A clear copy of 1 or more of the following:

• study and/or work permits that indicate your duration outside your country

Copies of any of the following:

A letter from your employer can confirm that you have a stable job and will return to it. It can also show that your employer supports your visit to Canada.

The letter should be printed on your employer’s official letterhead.

The letter should include the following:

• date, no earlier than 3 months before you apply
• confirmation that you have a job with the employer
• your full name and date of birth
• date you started the job
• brief description of your job
• current salary
• contact information of your manager
• phone number
• email address
• employer information
• company name
• state or province
• Your manager or human resources contact should print their name and sign the letter.

A letter from a business or company in Canada

It can confirm that your purpose for visiting Canada is valid.

A copy of the letter from the business or company inviting you to Canada

• The letter must be written to you from the business or company.

Consult the details to include in the letter .

Visit your spouse or partner who sponsored you for permanent residence

Proof of your relationship with the person or family member inviting you to Canada

This can include a copy of

• a marriage certificate
• Statutory Declaration of Common-Law Union (IMM5409)
• a birth certificate
• an official document naming you as a parent

Each applicant 18 years and older must complete this form.

The documents needed depend on whether a child under 18 years of age will travel with only 1 parent, with a relative or friend, or alone.

• other documents, such as adoption papers or a custody decree, depending on whether the minor child travels alone

Consult Minor children travelling to Canada

A letter written by your family member in Canada

A copy of the letter from the family member inviting you to Canada

• The letter must be written to you from your family member.
• current Salary

Complete the form that declares you and your partner are in a common-law relationship. Also provide proof that you and your common-law partner have combined your affairs and set up a household together.

What is a common-law partner?

Proof can include

• joint bank accounts or credit cards
• joint ownership of a home
• joint residential leases
• joint rental receipts
• joint utilities (electricity, gas, telephone)
• joint management of household expenses
• proof of joint purchases, especially for household items
• mail addressed to either person or both people at the same address

Faster visitor visa processing for spousal applicants

If you’re being sponsored for permanent residence (PR) by your spouse or partner, you could benefit from faster processing for a visitor visa.

You may be eligible if you

• submitted an application to be sponsored for permanent residence
• received an acknowledgement of receipt (AOR) that confirms the application is in progress

Applications that need more information, for example custody documents for a child, will take longer to process.

When your sponsor receives the AOR for your permanent residence application, you can apply for a visitor visa. If you’re eligible, your visitor visa application will automatically receive faster processing. You don’t need to request it.

You must still meet all of the requirements to be eligible for a visitor visa .

Visit family (Canadian citizen, person registered under Canada’s Indian Act, or permanent resident of Canada)

Submit with visa application

Visit children or grandchildren Super visa option

Submit this with your visa or super visa application.

For super visa applicants only

Proof that medical insurance for at least $100,000 coverage has been purchased from a Canadian insurance company.

A copy of the insurance certificate or policy you received for medical insurance coverage for 1 year with a Canadian insurance company.

Submit this with your super visa application.

Documents that show that the super visa applicant’s child or grandchild meets the low income cut-off minimum.

Submit one of the following documents:

• If the child or grandchild does not have a paper copy of their notice of assessment on file, they can view and print their tax returns as well as other personal tax information using the Canada Revenue Agency My Account online service.
• a copy of the child’s or grandchild’s most recent T4 or T1
• an original letter from the child’s or grandchild’s employer stating their job title, job description and salary
• a letter from an accountant confirming the child’s or grandchild’s annual income, if they are self-employed.
• proof of other sources of income (pension statement, investments, etc.)

A document confirming that you had an  immigration medical exam (IME)

The exam must conducted by a panel physician authorized by IRCC.

Get complete details about how to get a medical exam with a panel physician.

Submit this with your super visa application, or wait for instructions from the visa office.

Visit family (temporary resident of Canada)

A letter written by your family in Canada

Documents that show how long you plan to stay and what you’ll do once in Canada

Visit for compassionate reasons

A clear, colour copy of your valid passport or travel document that you'll use to travel to Canada.

• Show the border services officer when you arrive in Canada

A letter written to you from a person or business inviting you to Canada

A copy of the letter from the person or business inviting you to Canada

Please indicate clearly if family members will accompany you to Canada.

Submit the following documents with your visa application:

• digital copy of Seaman’s Book
• digital copy of a signed Letter of Invitation from a ship or port agent in Canada
• digital copy of an Introduction Letter from recruiter shipping agency or vessel owner
• digital copy of the employment contract

Step 2 Apply through the IRCC Portal

Step 2 apply.

To apply for a visitor visa to visit Canada on business, you need to qualify as a business visitor.

To qualify, you must show that:

• you plan to stay for less than 6 months
• you don’t plan to enter the Canadian labour market
• your main place of business and source of income and profits is outside Canada

Business visitor activities include business meetings, special events or training for a few days or weeks.

If your meeting, event or conference is registered with us, include the event code in your application. You should get this code from the organizer.

Note: If you plan to stay for more than 6 months, or if you plan to work in Canada, you may be considered a temporary worker and have to  apply for a work permit .

To apply online, you need a scanner or camera to create electronic copies of your documents, and a valid credit or debit card.

Read the instruction guide before you complete your application. As an online applicant, you can ignore steps 3 and 4 of the guide (paying the fees and submitting your application).

If you’re applying for the first time , you must pay the biometrics fee when you submit your application (unless you’re exempt). Otherwise, you may experience delays.

Apply through the IRCC Secure account

Sign in to your IRCC secure account

Apply through the IRCC Portal

Only for tourists, visiting for business, family visits, compassionate reasons

Sign in to the IRCC portal

To apply for a visitor visa to join a vessel as a marine crew member (seafarer) , you must

• be travelling to Canada to join a ship’s crew
• hold a seafarer’s identity document
• hold a valid passport or travel document
• have proof of employment on a vessel at a Canadian port

As a seafarer, you’re not eligible for a transit visa and you must apply for a visitor visa (temporary resident visa).

Note: When asked to “Tell us more about what you’ll do in Canada”, include “Join vessel” or “Seafarer”.

Register to the IRCC portal

Applying on paper for specific situations

If you need a visitor visa to travel to Canada, you must apply online for one. Only online applications will be accepted and processed. However, you can apply on paper if:

• you can’t apply online because of a disability or
• you’re travelling with an identity or travel document that was issued to a refugee, a stateless person or a non-citizen

The application package includes an instruction guide and all the forms you need to fill out.

Read the guide carefully before you complete your application . We will not refund your application fee, so make sure you need a visitor visa before you apply.

Each individual applicant must submit a completed application form. Applicants under the age of 18 must have this form signed by a parent or a guardian.

Download the application package .

Pay your application fees

In most cases, your fees will include processing fees for you and anyone you include on your application.

If you’re applying for the first time, you must pay the biometrics fee when you submit your application (unless you’re exempt). Otherwise, you may experience delays.

Third-party fees

Depending on your situation, you may need to pay third parties for

• your medical exam
• a police certificate

Our instruction guides (opens in a new tab)   can help you understand which fees apply to you.

Submit your application

Families should send their individual applications in one package. The principal applicant must send this combined package to the location where their application will be processed.

Select the country/territory you’ll be applying from to find out where to submit your application. You can choose your country of nationality or the country or territory where you have been legally admitted:

• Afghanistan
• Antigua and Barbuda
• Bosnia and Herzegovina
• British Virgin Islands
• Burkina Faso
• Burma (Myanmar)
• Cayman Islands
• Central African Republic
• China (People’s Republic of)
• Comoros Island
• Côte d’Ivoire
• Czech Republic
• Democratic Republic of the Congo
• Dominican Republic
• El Salvador
• Equatorial Guinea
• Guinea-Bissau
• Hong Kong SAR
• Liechtenstein
• Marshall Islands
• Micronesia (Federated States of)
• Netherlands
• New Caledonia
• New Zealand
• North Korea
• North Macedonia (Republic of)
• Palestinian Authority (Gaza)
• Palestinian Authority (West Bank)
• Papua New Guinea
• Philippines
• Puerto Rico
• Sao Tome and Principe
• Saudi Arabia
• Sierra Leone
• Solomon Islands
• South Africa
• South Korea
• South Sudan
• St. Kitts and Nevis
• St. Vincent and the Grenadines
• Switzerland
• Timor-Leste (Timor oriental)
• Trinidad and Tobago
• Turkmenistan
• Turks and Caicos Islands
• United Arab Emirates
• United Kingdom
• United States of America
• US Virgin Islands

If you need to give biometrics (fingerprints and photograph), and you’re applying on paper, submit your application in person . VAC staff will check that it is complete and will confirm that you have paid the correct fees before you can give your biometrics.

Credit cards and prepaid cards

We accept the following credit cards and prepaid cards:

• MasterCard ®
• American Express ®
• UnionPay ® (for online applications only; debit cards not accepted)

If you use a prepaid credit card, keep it for at least 18 months after you pay to make refunds easier. Find more on prepaid cards .

We also accept all Visa Debit cards.

The card you use doesn’t have to be in your name. The cardholder’s name will appear on the receipt but it does not need to match your application.

Debit cards

• be from a Canadian bank using INTERAC ® Online
• be registered for online banking through your bank’s website

We also accept all Debit MasterCard ® and Visa ® Debit cards. If your card has the Visa Debit logo on it, alone or with the INTERAC ® Online logo, select Visa Debit as your payment method.

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Temporary entry into the united states under the canada-united states-mexico agreement (cusma).

This guide is for a Canadian business person temporarily travelling to the United States (U.S.) to do business. It provides general information about temporary entry requirements for business people under CUSMA and under U.S. law.

This guide aims to facilitate the entry of Canadian business people into the U.S. for the purposes of exploring, entering and/or expanding operations in the U.S. market. You will find relevant links and summaries of the main steps for visa applications for the categories of business people covered in CUSMA.

There are 4 types of business people covered under CUSMA:

Business visitors

• Traders and investors

Intra-company transferees

Professionals.

In order to be eligible for temporary entry into the U.S. under any of these categories under CUSMA, you need to be a Canadian citizen.

Related links

• Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement (CUSMA) – Chapter 16 – Temporary entry for business persons
• For any questions regarding the U.S. or Mexico’s temporary entry commitments under CUSMA, please contact:  [email protected]

Before you travel

This guide is for information only. It is not the official text of CUSMA or U.S. or Mexican law. Always verify information using the text of the Agreement and official government sources of the country you wish to do business in. You may also seek advice from licensed or authorised individuals like an immigration lawyer or immigration consultant.

Do I qualify as a business visitor under CUSMA?

Under CUSMA, a business visitor is a Canadian traveling to the U.S. for one of the following activities:  

• research and design
• growth, manufacturing and production
• distribution
• general service
• after-sales service

A detailed description of each activity can be found under  Appendix 1 Section B of Chapter 16 of CUSMA .

If you are a business visitor performing one of these activities to qualify for temporary entry under CUSMA, you must also meet the following requirements:

• the business activity is international in scope
• you are not seeking to enter the U.S. labour market
• the primary source of payment for the business activity is outside the U.S.
• your main place of business and the actual source of profits is outside the U.S.

Do I need a visa for temporary entry as a business visitor?

CUSMA business visitors can temporarily enter the U.S. under the B-1 classification. Normally, business visitors can stay in the U.S. for the time required to conduct business, but not longer than six months. However, the length of your stay is at the discretion of United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) officials. For more information, please visit the USCIS website for business visitors .

Business visitors entering the U.S. can also request an I-94 (record of entry document) for their passport if they are involved in activities that require frequent cross-border movement or extended stays. If you are a frequent business visitor, but the purpose of entry is different for each visit, you will not be issued an I-94 document. I-94 documents are issued for periods of up to 6 months. You cannot apply for an I-94 before seeking temporary entry into the U.S.. Please keep in mind that there is a nominal fee for issuing this document.

How do I apply for the B-1 classification?

You can apply for entry to the U.S. as a business visitor under the B-1 classification at a land border port of entry or at an international airport pre-flight inspection station.

There is no written application or prior petition required. However, you will need to provide evidence that you meet the requirements of the category outlined above.

Traders/investors

Do i qualify as a trader/investor under cusma.

A trader or investor is a Canadian business person:

• who is carrying on substantial trade in goods or services between Canada and the U.S.; or
• that has committed or are committing a substantial amount of capital, or whose enterprise has committed or are committing a substantial amount of capital; and
• who is establishing, developing, administering or providing advice or key technical services for the operation of that investment.

Their role must be supervisory, executive or involve essential skills.

Do I need a visa for temporary entry as a trader/investor?

A Canadian trader/investor will need an E-1 (trader) or E-2 (investor) visa for temporary entry into the U.S.

How do I apply for an E-1 (trader) or E-2 (Investor) visa?

Step 1: Complete a nonimmigrant visa application (DS-160) form and the DS-156 and the DS-156E forms, available online (PDF) , and pay the processing fee.

The application includes documents to prove that you meet the qualifying criteria as a CUSMA trader or investor.

Requests for trader (E-1) and investor (E-2) status are processed at the U.S. Consulate General in Toronto. For information on how to submit an application, please refer to the  U.S. Consulate web site .

Step 2: Once your application is approved, you will be contacted to arrange an interview at the Consulate in Toronto before your visa is issued. A fee is required for the visa.

Step 3: Receive your I-94 document at a U.S. port of entry. This is your employment authorization. Upon entry, present the I-94 to the U.S. Social Security Administration to receive a social security number.

Am I eligible as an intra-company transferee under CUSMA?

Under CUSMA, an intra-company transferee is a Canadian business person employed by a Canadian enterprise transferred to a subsidiary, affiliated branch, or other enterprises with a clear relationship with the Canadian enterprise located in the U.S.

Their role must be managerial, executive or involve specialized knowledge.

Under CUSMA, a Canadian intra-company transferee must have been employed continuously by the Canadian enterprise for 1 year within the 3-year period immediately before the date of the application for admission into the U.S.

Do I need a visa for temporary entry as an intra-company transferee?

An intra-company transferee will need an approved I-129 in the L-1 classification to be admitted to the U.S.

How do I apply for an I-129 as an intra-company transferee?

Step 1: Your U.S. employer submits an I-129 (petition for a non-immigrant worker) before your entry. You may also be asked to provide supporting documents to prove you meet the eligibility requirements of an intra-company transferee. This includes proof that you have been working for a qualifying organization in Canada for 1 continuous year within the 3 years immediately before your admission to the U.S.

CUSMA intra-company transferees are admitted by United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) in the L-1 classification.

Step 2: At a U.S. port of entry, establish that you qualify as a CUSMA intra-company transferee.

You should bring:

• proof of Canadian citizenship (ideally, your Canadian passport)
• a letter outlining the details of your transfer
• a job offer or contract for the position

This will assist in your inspection by U.S. immigration officials.

The letter should include:

• a detailed description of the purpose and length of your stay as a transferee
• a detailed outline of your current job description, position title and place in the organizational structure of the enterprise
• in the case of “specialized knowledge”, evidence that the person has such knowledge and that the position in Canada requires such knowledge
• a description of the position to which you will be transferring
• evidence that you have worked at least 1 year out of the previous 3 for the Canadian-based enterprise
• evidence of a qualifying relationship between the two enterprises (e.g. annual report, financial statements, or articles of incorporation of the Canadian company and foreign affiliate)

What if I want to expand my business into the U.S.?

If you currently own and operate a business, and are considering expanding into the U.S., you can apply in advance as an intra-company transferee at a U.S. Embassy or Consulate.

When applying for L-1 status to open or to be employed in a new office, you should submit your petition well before your expected date of entry. You must provide a detailed business plan showing that you meet the qualifying criteria:

• there is a physical location for the new office
• the employee has been employed as an executive or manager for 1 continuous year in the 3 years before filing the petition
• the new office will support an executive or managerial position within 1 year of the approval of the petition

Do I qualify as a professional under CUSMA?

A professional is a Canadian citizen at the professional level providing services or performing training functions in the U.S. in one of the 63 professions listed under Appendix 2 of Chapter 16 of CUSMA .

Please note, in order to qualify as a professional, you must also have the credentials indicated in parenthesis beside the profession.

Do I need a visa for temporary entry as a professional?

A professional will need an approved TN classification to be admitted to the U.S.

How do I apply for temporary entry as a professional?

You may apply for entry to the U.S. as a CUSMA Professional by presenting required documentation to a U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) officer at certain CBP-designated U.S. ports of entry or at a designated pre-clearance/pre-flight inspection station.

There is no written application, and no prior petition or prior approval required for Canadians applying for admission to the U.S. under the TN classification status. However, you will need to provide evidence that you meet the requirements of the category, including proof of Canadian citizenship (ideally, your Canadian passport) and a letter from your prospective employer, or signed contract, outlining the purpose of your entry. This will assist in your inspection by U.S. immigration officials.

The letter or contract should include:

• your job title and detailed summary of duties
• starting date and anticipated length of stay
• payment arrangements
• proof that you meet the necessary education and experience requirements to work in the profession, including all applicable degrees, and licenses
• original or certified copies of your diploma or credentials

You will be issued an I-94 (record of entry document) indicating the TN classification code, which is your employment authorization. Upon entry, present the I-94 to the U.S. Social Security Administration to receive a social security number. Please note that there is a processing fee for the TN employment authorization.

Alternatively, a prospective TN employer may choose to file on behalf of a Canadian citizen who is outside the U.S. by submitting  Form I-129, petition for non-immigrant worker  to USCIS. If USCIS approves Form I-129, you, the prospective worker, may then apply to CBP for admission to the U.S. as a TN non-immigrant by providing the requested documentation to a CBP Officer at certain CBP-designated U.S. ports of entry or at a designated pre-clearance/pre-flight inspection station.

Professionals must comply with all applicable state and local certification, registration or licensing requirements before starting work. You should contact the state where you wish to work for additional information on certification requirements.

Self-employed business persons may not enter the U.S. to be self-employed or to establish a professional practice. Professionals must have a pre-arranged contract with a U.S. enterprise. Business people looking to establish a business in the U.S. may wish to apply for temporary entry in either the intra-company transferee or trader and investor category.

For more information about temporary entry as a professional, please consult the USCIS website for CUSMA professionals .

Can my family accompany me?           

CUSMA does not cover spouses or dependants of covered business people. Spouses and dependents must meet the U.S.’ existing temporary entry immigration regulations in order to accompany a Canadian business visitor. In order to perform work in the U.S., spouses and dependents must also comply with its regular job validation process for temporary foreign workers.

Spouses of intra-company transferees,traders or investors may benefit from general U.S. immigration provisions allowing spouses to work while in the U.S. They must, however, first obtain an employment authorization before beginning work by submitting Form I-765 .  

What if I don’t qualify for temporary entry under the CUSMA?

If you have a job offer or signed contract from an employer in the U.S., but you do not qualify under the four categories of CUSMA business persons, you may still qualify for entry under U.S. general immigration provisions. Information on the various processes for temporary entry into the U.S. is available on the USCIS website.

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I am visiting the U.S. and I want to come to Canada. Do I need an eTA?

Most travellers need a visitor visa or an eTA to travel to, or transit through, Canada.

What you need depends on:

• the type of travel document you will travel with;
• the country that issued your travel document;
• your nationality; and
• how you will travel to Canada.

Before you apply , find out what you need .

New entry requirement now in effect

Visa-exempt foreign nationals need an Electronic Travel Authorization (eTA) to fly to or transit through Canada by air. Exceptions include U.S. citizens and travellers with a valid Canadian visa. Canadian citizens, including dual citizens , and Canadian permanent residents cannot apply for an eTA.

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Glossary term

• Admissibility