ruth's journey from moab to bethlehem

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• The Landscapes of Palestine
• The Rulers of Palestine
• The Climate of Palestine
• Major Jewish Religious Festivals
• What is the New Testament?
• Who wrote the Gospels?
• English Translations of the New Testament
• John's mission foretold
• The birth of John
• John's message
• John begins baptising
• John criticises Herod
• Was John the promised Elijah?
• Jesus's birth announced
• Mary & Joseph go to Bethlehem
• The birth of Jesus
• Shepherds visit the infant
• Jewish religious rituals
• Wise men visit Jerusalem
• The holy family flees to Egypt
• The holy family returns to Nazareth
• Jesus grows up
• Jesus starts his ministry
• Jesus is tempted
• Jesus returns to Galilee
• Jesus goes back to Nazareth
• Jesus travels to Jerusalem
• Jesus passes through Samaria
• Jesus performs healing miracles
• Jesus teaches in Capernaum
• Jesus's teachings on a hillside
• Jesus upsets the Pharisees
• Jesus crosses the Sea of Galilee
• Jesus heals & teaches in Jerusalem
• Jesus teaches how to receive the Holy Spirit
• Jesus journeys among the Gentiles
• Jesus walks on the Sea of Galilee
• Jesus in Tyre and Sidon
• Who is Jesus?
• Jesus is changed on the slopes of Mount Hermon
• Jesus pays the Temple Tax
• Jesus claims God's personal name
• The Parable of the Good Samaritan
• The Parable of the Prodigal Son
• Lazarus, Come out!
• Jesus's entry into Jerusalem
• Jesus curses a fig tree
• Jesus heralds the end of the sacrificial system
• Jesus in Jerusalem during Passover week
• The Parable of the Sheep & the Goats
• Paying taxes to Caesar
• Jesus is betrayed
• The Last Supper
• Jesus crosses the Kidron Valley
• Jesus is arrested
• Jesus is taken to the Praetorium
• Jesus is tried by Pilate
• The death of Judas
• Jesus is executed by crucifixion
• The Pharisees mount a guard on the tomb
• Jesus rises from the tomb
• Jesus appears to his followers
• Jesus is taken into God's presence
• Jesus appears to Peter, James & Paul
• Who were Jesus's followers?
• The believers are filled with the Holy Spirit
• Peter & John heal a crippled man
• The believers share their possessions
• Opposition in Jerusalem
• Stephen is killed & the believers are scattered
• Philip's Journeys
• Peter's Journeys
• Peter hands over the leadership to James
• The Gentile Church at Antioch
• Saul's Early Life
• Saul persecutes the believers
• The beginning of Saul's ministry
• Saul & Barnabas in Antioch & Jerusalem
• Paul starts his 1st Missionary Journey
• Paul, Barnabas & Mark in Cyprus
• Paul, Barnabas & Mark sail to Pamphylia
• Paul & Barnabas travel inland
• Paul & Barnabas in Iconium
• Paul & Barnabas in Lystra
• Paul & Barnabas return to Perga
• Paul & Barnabas return to Antioch in Syria
• Paul & Barnabas attend the Council of Jerusalem
• Paul & Barnabas take the decision to Antioch
• Paul starts his 2nd Missionary Journey
• Paul travels to Troas
• Paul sails across to Europe
• Paul arrives in Philippi
• Paul travels to Amphipolis & Apollonia
• Paul in Thessalonica
• Paul in Berea
• Paul in Athens
• Paul in Corinth
• Paul returns to Jerusalem
• Paul starts his 3rd Missionary Journey
• The Ephesians are filled with the Holy Spirit
• The silversmiths riot in Ephesus
• Paul travels to Corinth
• Paul returns to Macedonia
• Eutychus falls from a window in Troas
• Paul leaves for Assos
• Paul sails to Miletus
• Paul visits Cos and Rhodes
• Paul visits Philip in Caesarea
• Paul meets violent opposition in Jerusalem
• Paul addresses the crowds
• Paul in Caesarea
• Paul appeals to Emperor Nero
• Paul sets sail for Rome
• Paul is shipwrecked
• Paul in Malta
• Paul heads for Rome
• An Introduction to Paul's Letters
• Paul's Letter to Galatia
• Paul explains his personal background
• Alive in Christ
• Set free from Slavery
• The Fruit of the Spirit
• Paul's 1st Letter to Thessalonica
• Paul hopes to visit Thessalonica
• The Day of the Lord
• How Christians should behave
• Paul's 2nd Letter to Thessalonica
• The coming Day of the Lord
• Saved by the power of the Holy Spirit
• Paul's 1st Letter to Corinth
• The Holy Spirit helps us understand
• Temples of the Holy Spirit
• Advice on Marriage & Relationships
• Running the Race of Life
• The Lord's Supper
• Spiritual Gifts
• Worship in the early church
• The risen Lord Jesus appears to his followers
• Paul's 2nd Letter to Corinth
• Paul explains his revised plans
• Christ's Victory Parade & the New Covenant
• How God changes lives
• Paul's plans for the future
• Paul defends himself against criticism
• Paul's weaknesses
• Paul's Letter to Rome
• How to be put right with God
• God's covenant promise fulfilled
• New life in the power of the Holy Spirit
• Persecution by the Jews
• Paul's mission
• Paul's Letter to Ephesus
• God's secret plan
• The new life
• The armour of God
• Paul's Letter to Colossae
• Jesus is exactly like God
• Saved by Christ's death
• Practical advice for believers
• Paul's Letter to Philemon at Colossae
• Paul's Letter to Philippi
• To live is Christ
• Warnings about the Jewish Law
• Introduction to Paul's Pastoral Letters
• Paul's 4th Missionary Journey
• Paul's 1st Letter to Timothy in Ephesus
• Worship among the believers
• Holding onto the truth
• Paul's Letter to Titus in Crete
• Appointing Church Leaders
• Paul's 2nd Letter to Timothy at Ephesus
• The 'last days'
• Paul's Final Sacrifice
• The Letter to the Jewish believers
• God speaks through the prophets & Jesus
• Jesus is greater than Moses
• Jesus speaks to God for believers
• Jesus - a priest like Melchizedek
• The New Covenant agreement
• God does not want animal sacrifices
• Having faith
• Looking forwards, not backwards
• The General Letters: James, Jude, Peter & John
• The Letter of James to the Jewish believers
• Faith without actions is worthless
• The power of words
• The Letter of Jude to the Jewish believers
• Signs of 'the last days'
• The 1st Letter of Peter to the Jewish believers
• The living hope
• Living stones
• Baptism & the flood
• The 2nd Letter of Peter to the Jewish believers
• Peter speaks out against immorality
• The 'Last Days' & The 'Day of the Lord'
• Introduction to John & his 3 Letters
• The 1st Letter of John
• The 'logos' of God
• The 'new' commandment
• The last days
• Filled with the Holy Spirit
• Love one another
• God's love drives away fear
• The 2nd Letter of John
• The 3rd Letter of John
• Introduction to the Revelation of John
• John's Letter to the 7 Churches of Asia Minor
• The messages to the believers on the coastal plain
• The messages to the believers living inland
• John's vision of God's heavenly rule
• The satan's rebellion against God
• The downfall of Rome & it's empire
• The resurrection of the dead
• The final judgement
• The new heaven & the new earth
• Introduction to the Romano-Jewish world
• Roman Emperors in the New Testament
• Jewish Religious Leaders
• New Testament Languages
• Jewish & Greek Names
• Jewish & Roman Currency
• Jewish Nationalists
• The Romano-Jewish War
• Constantine & the Helena Churches
• Ecumenical Church Councils
• Palestine - A Land Bridge
• Routes across Palestine
• The River Jordan
• Ancient Israel
• The Message of the Old Testament
• Who wrote the Old Testament?
• Dating events in the Old Testament
• The Biblical account of Creation
• Adam's Journey from the Garden of Eden
• Cain is sent on a journey to the east of Eden
• Enoch founds a city in Mesopotamia
• Noah journeys to Aratta on the flood
• The Colonisation of the Ancient World
• The Tower of Babylonia
• Abram's Journey to Canaan
• Abram settles in Canaan
• Abram travels north to rescue Lot
• The birth of Ishmael
• Sodom and Gomorrah are destroyed
• Abraham journeys south and Isaac is born
• Abraham's sacrifice on Mount Moriah
• Abraham's wife dies at Hebron
• Abraham seeks a wife for Isaac
• Abraham dies at Hebron
• Isaac moves to Beersheba
• Jacob cheats Esau and flees to Mesopotamia
• Jacob returns to Canaan and meets Esau
• God blesses Jacob at Bethel
• Joseph is sold into slavery in Egypt
• Joseph becomes Vizier of Egypt
• Jacob's family joins Joseph in Egypt
• The Israelites in Egypt
• Prince Moses escapes to Midian
• Moses is called by God at Mt Sinai
• Egypt suffers ten plagues
• The Israelites flee from Egypt
• The Israelites cross the Sea of Reeds
• Moses receives the Ten Commandments
• Moses constructs the Ark of the Covenant
• The Israelites rebel against God
• The Israelites are counted
• Hardships encountered in the desert
• Moses sends spies into Canaan
• Korah leads a rebellion against Moses
• The Israelites remain at Kadesh Barnea
• The Israelites attempt to enter Canaan
• The Israelites journey north to Moab
• The Israelites defeat King Sihon and King Og
• Balaam blesses the Israelites
• The Israelites defeat the kings of Midian
• The boundaries of Canaan are agreed
• More laws and religious practices
• Moses dies at Mount Nebo
• The Israelites cross the River Jordan
• The Israelites conquer Jericho and Ai
• Joshua builds an altar at Mt Ebal
• Joshua is deceived by the Hivites
• Joshua conquers the Southern Cities
• Joshua embarks on the Northern Campaign
• Canaan is divided among the twelve tribes
• Six Cities of Refuge are set up
• Joshua says farewell
• The Israelites fight the remaining Canaanites
• God appoints inspirational leaders
• Israel under the 'judges': Othniel and Ehud
• Deborah and Barak defeat Sisera
• Gideon defeats the Midianites
• Abimelech becomes king
• Jephthah defeats the Ammonites
• Samson challenges the Philistines
• The conquest of Laish
• Gibeah is destroyed & the Benjamites punished
• Job is faced with adversity

Ruth's journey to Bethlehem

• Samuel is taken to Shiloh
• The Ark of the Covenant is captured at Aphek
• The Ark is taken to Ashdod
• The Ark is moved to Ekron
• The Ark is returned to the Israelites
• Samuel administers justice from Ramah
• Saul's Journey to Kingship
• Jonathan demolishes the Philistine pillar at Geba
• Samuel condemns Saul at Gilgal
• David defeats Goliath of Gath
• Saul becomes jealous of David
• Samuel dies and is buried at Ramah
• David marries Abigail
• Saul is killed by the Philistines at Mt Gilboa
• David becomes King of Judah and Israel
• David captures Jerusalem
• The Ark of the Covenant is brought to Jerusalem
• David's victories over Israel's neighbours
• David's affair with Bathsheba
• Absalom's flight & his rebellion against David
• Further events during David's reign
• Solomon succeeds his father David
• Solomon's alliance with Egypt
• Solomon builds the Temple in Jerusalem
• Solomon builds a palace and furnishes the Temple
• The Ark of the Covenant is installed in the Temple
• Solomon rebuilds the cities of Israel
• Solomon's overseas trading expeditions
• The Queen of Sheba travels to Jerusalem
• Solomon builds a network of chariot cities
• Solomon turns away from God
• Solomon dies and the kingdom is divided
• Jeroboam builds temples to worship Baal
• Israel and Judah fight each other
• Israel descends into civil war
• Jezebel kills the prophets & Elijah escapes
• Elijah challenges the prophets of Baal
• Elijah organises the opposition to King Ahab
• King Ahab seizes Naboth's vineyard
• Elijah is taken up to heaven
• Elisha performs miracles and healings
• Elisha displays spiritual gifts
• Jehu races to Jezreel to depose King Joram
• King Joash repairs the Temple in Jerusalem
• Pharaoh Shoshenk I rescues Israel
• Jeroboam II restores the boundaries of Israel
• Tiglath-Pileser of Assyria invades Israel
• Israel falls & the exiles are led to Assyria
• Assyrians settle in Samaria
• King Hezekiah of Judah rebels against Assyria
• Sennacherib attacks and destroys Lachish
• Isaiah prophesies the destruction of Judah
• King Josiah ushers in religious reforms
• Assyria is conquered by the Babylonians
• King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon invades Judah
• Jerusalem falls and the exile in Babylon begins
• Biblical sources relating to Judah in exile
• The middle years of exile (586-539BC)
• Daniel interprets dreams and riddles
• Daniel's vision of the 'Son of Man'
• Daniel's vision of the 'end times'
• The later years of exile & the return to Judah
• The completion of the Second Temple in Jerusalem
• A third group of exiles returns with Ezra
• A fourth group of exiles returns with Nehemiah
• Nehemiah becomes Governor of Judah
• The people renew their covenant with God
• Jerusalem's new walls are dedicated
• Esther becomes Queen of Persia
• Mordecai uncovers a plot to kill the king
• The origin of the Jewish festival of Purim
• What are the Psalms?
• Some psalms of King David
• Songs of Praise and Despair
• Later psalms ... and the earliest
• Some Memorable Sayings
• The wisdom of Solomon's words
• The Ways of the LORD
• Quarrelling, drinking & gossiping
• The Philosopher
• More wise words from the Philosopher
• More from the Lovers
• Love is as strong as death
• The Mourner
• The LORD's love and mercy continue
• Introduction to the Old Testament Prophets
• Introduction to the Book of Amos
• Amos denounces social injustice in Israel
• Introduction to Hosea's prophesy
• Hosea laments the unfaithfulness of Israel
• The Lord promises to punish Israel
• Introduction to Micah's prophesy
• Micah decries social injustice in Israel and Judah
• Introduction to the Book of Isaiah
• Prophecies written before the fall of Jerusalem
• Isaiah predicts a future golden age
• Isaiah reassures King Ahaz of God's support
• Troubled times and a glorious future kingdom
• Isaiah foresees the return of the exiles
• Isaiah warns of six catastrophes
• The final years before the fall of Judah
• Words of comfort after the fall of Jerusalem
• The LORD will help Israel
• God chooses Cyrus to save his people
• The suffering servant of the LORD
• Encouragement for those in exile
• Those returning are encouraged to follow the LORD
• The LORD's blessing will rest on Jerusalem
• Introduction to the Book of Jonah
• Jonah is thrown overboard to appease the gods
• Jonah arrives at Nineveh
• Introduction to the Book of Nahum
• Nahum predicts the fall of Nineveh
• Introduction to the Book of Jeremiah
• Jeremiah says idolatry will bring Judah's fall
• Jeremiah prophesies the destruction of Jerusalem
• Jeremiah calls for repentance
• Plots are hatched against Jeremiah
• Jeremiah is beaten and arrested
• Jeremiah is charged with treason
• Words of hope and consolation
• Miscellaneous flashbacks to earlier times
• Jeremiah attempts to leave Jerusalem
• Jerusalem falls to the Babylonians
• Gedeliah is murdered & Jeremiah goes to Egypt
• Jeremiah sees disaster in Egypt
• Messages to the surrounding nations
• Introduction to the Book of Zephaniah
• Zephaniah warns of the punishment of Judah
• Introduction to the Book of Habakkuk
• Habakkuk asks why the cruel Babylonians succeed
• Introduction to the Book of Ezekiel
• Ezekiel is called to be a prophet
• Ezekiel's vision of idolatry in the Temple
• Ezekiel speaks through prophesies and parables
• Ezekiel's message of impending doom
• Further prophecies & the fall of Jerusalem
• Hope for the future - New life for Israel
• The defeat of Gog and Magog
• Ezekiel's vision of the New Jerusalem
• Ezekiel sees the glory of the LORD
• The restored land of Israel
• Introduction to the prophecy of Obadiah
• Obadiah prophesies the resurgence of Israel
• Introduction to the Book of Haggai
• Haggai urges the exiles to re-build the Temple
• Introduction to the Book of Zechariah
• Zechariah has visions of horses & horns
• The vision of the measuring line
• Further visions about Jerusalem
• The LORD promises to restore Jerusalem
• Prophesies about the coming of the Messiah
• Prophesies about the Last Days
• An Introduction to the Book of Malachi
• Malachi announces the Day of the LORD
• God promises to send Elijah
• Introduction to the Book of Joel
• Joel foresees the Day of the LORD
• The Names of the God of Israel
• Foreign gods
• Pharaohs of the Old Testament
• The Old Testament & the Jewish Tanakh
• Sources of the History of Israel and Judah
• The Dead Sea Scrolls
• Between the Old and the New Testaments
• The Old Covenant & The New Covenant
• Who is my neighbour?
• Seeking revenge or Offering forgiveness?
• The Commandments - Impossible to keep?
• Was Jesus the Jewish Messiah?
• Was Jesus an outspoken rabbi or was he God?
• How to get right with God: Sacrifice or Faith?
• How to get right with God: By water or the Spirit?
• The power of the Holy Spirit - for everyone?
• A new nation? Or eternal life in God's kingdom?
• 1. From Cain & Abel to the Judges
• 2. From the Kingdom of Israel to the Exile
• 3. From the Exile to the Birth of Jesus
• 4. From the Birth to the Death of Jesus
• 5. From Acts of the Apostles to John's Revelation
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• 1 Jan. John 2:1-11
• 2 Jan. Luke 4:14-30
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• 7 Jan. John 4:7-13
• 8 Jan. John 4:15-26
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• 10 Jan. John 4:43-53
• 11 Jan. Luke 7:11-17
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• 13 Jan. Mark 1:21-27
• 14 Jan. Mark 1:29-34
• 15 Jan. Mark 1:35-42
• 16 Jan. Matthew 4:25 - 5:10
• 17 Jan. Matthew 5:13
• 18 Jan. Matthew 5:14-16
• 19 Jan. Matthew 5:38-48
• 20 Jan. Matthew 6:5-13
• 21 Jan. Matthew 6:19-24
• 22 Jan. Matthew 7:1-5
• 23 Jan. Matthew 7:7-12
• 24 Jan. Matthew 7:13-14
• 25 Jan. Matthew 7:24-29
• 26 Jan. Mark 2:1-6
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• 28 Jan. Mark 2:21-22
• 29 Jan. Mark 2:23-27
• 30 Jan. Mark 3:7-12
• 31 Jan. Mark 3:13-19
• 1 Feb. Mark 3:20-30
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• 4 Feb. Mark 4:35-41
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• 24 Feb. Mark 9:11-13
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• 27 Feb. Matthew 17:24-27
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• 26 Mar. Matthew 23:1-28
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• 2 Apr. Mark 14:1-9
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• 4 Apr. John 13:1-15
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• 6 Apr. John 14:1-11
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• 19 May. Acts 2:1-2,3:1-2,5:1-3,8:14-17
• 20 May. Acts 9:32-43
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• 27 May. Galatians 1:11-2:2
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• 1 June Acts 13:13
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• 3 June. Acts 14:1-7
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• 23 June. Acts 19:1-7
• 24 June. Acts 19:8-10
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• 26 June. Acts 19:23-20:1
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• 29 June. Acts 20:7-12
• 30 June. Acts 20:13-38
• 1 July Acts 21:1-7
• 2 July Acts 21:7-15
• 3 July Acts 21:17-26
• 4 July Acts 21:27-40
• 5 July Acts 22:1-29
• 6 July Acts 22:30-23:11
• 7 July Acts 23:12-32
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• 12 Sept. Romans 8:31-39
• 13 Sept. Romans 10:1-13
• 14 Sept. Romans 12:1-21
• 15 Sept. Romans 13:1-10
• 16 Sept. Romans 14:1-12
• 17 Sept. Romans 15:1-33
• 18 Sept. Romans 16:1-27
• 19 Sept. Ephesians 1:1-10
• 20 Sept. Ephesians 1:11-22
• 21 Sept. Ephesians 2:1-10
• 22 Sept. Ephesians 2:11-22
• 23 Sept. Ephesians 3:1-13
• 24 Sept. Ephesians 3:14-21
• 25 Sept. Ephesians 4:1-16
• 26 Sept. Ephesians 4:17-32
• 27 Sept. Ephesians 5:1-20
• 28 Sept. Ephesians 5:21-33
• 29 Sept. Ephesians 6:1-9
• 30 Sept. Ephesians 6:10-18
• 1 Oct. Ephesians 6:18-24
• 2 Oct. Colossians 1:1-14
• 3 Oct. Colossians 1:15-23
• 4 Oct. Colossians 2:1-15
• 5 Oct. Colossians 2:16-23
• 6 Oct. Colossians 3:1-17
• 7 Oct. Colossians 3:18-4:6
• 8 Oct. Colossians 4:7-18
• 9 Oct. Philemon 1:1-7
• 10 Oct. Philemon 1:7-25
• 11 Oct. Philippians 1:1-11
• 12 Oct. Philippians 1:12-26
• 13 Oct. Philippians 2:1-18
• 14 Oct. Philippians 3:1-21
• 15 Oct. Philippians 4:1-23
• 16 Oct. 1 Timothy 1:1-7
• 17 Oct. 1 Timothy 1:12-20
• 18 Oct. 1 Timothy 2:1-15
• 19 Oct. 1 Timothy 3:1-13
• 20 Oct. 1 Timothy 4:1-16
• 21 Oct. 1 Timothy 5:1-22
• 22 Oct. 1 Timothy 6:3-21
• 23 Oct. Titus 1:1-14
• 24 Oct. Titus 2:1-15
• 25 Oct. Titus 3:1-15
• 26 Oct. 2 Timothy 1:1-18
• 27 Oct. 2 Timothy 2:1-26
• 28 Oct. 2 Timothy 3:1-17
• 29 Oct. 2 Timothy 4:6-22
• 30 Oct. James 1:1-21
• 31 Oct. James 2:14-19,4:11-12
• 1 Nov. Jude 1:1-24
• 2 Nov. 1 Peter 1:1-11
• 3 Nov. 1 Peter 2:1-10
• 4 Nov. 2 Peter 1:1-19
• 5 Nov. 2 Peter 3:1-16
• 6 Nov. 1 John 1:5-9
• 7 Nov. 1 John 1:1-4
• 8 Nov. 1 John 2:7-17
• 9 Nov. 1 John 2:18-19
• 10 Nov. 1 John 2:20-29
• 11 Nov. 1 John 3:11-24
• 12 Nov. 1 John 4:7-20
• 13 Nov. 2 John 1:1-13
• 14 Nov. 3 John 1:1-15
• 15 Nov. Revelation 1:1-11
• 16 Nov. Revelation 2:1-7
• 17 Nov. Revelation 2:8-11
• 18 Nov. Revelation 2:12-17
• 19 Nov. Revelation 2:18-27
• 20 Nov. Revelation 3:1-6
• 21 Nov. Revelation 3:7-13
• 22 Nov. Revelation 3:14-22
• 23 Nov. Revelation 4:1-11
• 24 Nov. Revelation 5:1-14
• 25 Nov. Revelation 6:1-17
• 26 Nov. Revelation 7:1-17
• 27 Nov. Revelation 12:1-9
• 28 Nov. Revelation 17:1-18:19
• 29 Nov. Revelation 20:1-15
• 30 Nov. Revelation 21:1-27
• 1 Dec. Luke 1:5-20
• 2 Dec. Luke 1:26,39-56
• 3 Dec. Luke 1:57-80
• 4 Dec. Luke 3:1-16
• 5 Dec. Luke 3:15-20
• 6 Dec. Mark 1:1-8
• 7 Dec. Matt 3:13-17, John 1:28-34
• 8 Dec. Mark 6:14-29
• 9 Dec. Matthew 11:2-15
• 10 Dec. Luke 1:26-38
• 11 Dec. Luke 2:1-5
• 12 Dec. Luke 2:6-7
• 13 Dec. Matthew 1:1-17,22-23
• 14 Dec. Luke 2:8-14
• 15 Dec. Luke 2:15-20
• 16 Dec. Luke 2:21-24
• 17 Dec. Luke 2:25-35
• 18 Dec. Matthew 2:1-6
• 19 Dec. Matthew 2:7-9
• 20 Dec. Matthew 2:10-12
• 21 Dec. Matthew 2:13-14
• 22 Dec. Matthew 2:14-15
• 23 Dec. Matthew 2:16-18
• 24 Dec. Matthew 2:19-23
• 25 Dec. John 1:1-14
• 26 Dec. Luke 2:40-43
• 27 Dec. Luke 2:43-52
• 28 Dec. Hebrews 1:1-4
• 29 Dec. Hebrews 3:1-4:1
• 30 Dec. Hebrews 4:14-5:6
• 31 Dec. Hebrews 9:1-5,11-15
• 1 Jan. Genesis 1:1 - 2:3
• 2 Jan. Genesis 2:4-24
• 3 Jan. Genesis 2:8-17
• 4 Jan. Genesis 3:1-23
• 5 Jan. Genesis 4:1-16
• 6 Jan. Genesis 4:17-26
• 7 Jan. Genesis 6:5-22
• 8 Jan. Genesis 7:11-24
• 9 Jan. Genesis 8:1-17
• 10 Jan. Genesis 9:1-16
• 11 Jan. Genesis 10:11-12,32
• 12 Jan. Genesis 11:1-9
• 13 Jan. Genesis 11:27&37,12:1-7
• 14 Jan. Genesis 12:6,8-20
• 15 Jan. Genesis 13:1-18
• 16 Jan. Genesis 14:8-20
• 17 Jan. Genesis 15:1-11,17-21
• 18 Jan. Genesis 16:1-16
• 19 Jan. Genesis 17:1-16
• 20 Jan. Genesis 18:1-16
• 21 Jan. Genesis 19:1-26
• 22 Jan. Genesis 21:1-21
• 23 Jan. Genesis 22:1-18
• 24 Jan. Genesis 23:1-19
• 25 Jan. Genesis 24:1-61
• 26 Jan. Genesis 24:61-67
• 27 Jan. Genesis 25:1-11
• 28 Jan. Genesis 25:19-21,24-34
• 29 Jan. Genesis 26:1-9,12-15,23-25
• 30 Jan. Genesis 27:1-23,30-33,42-45
• 31 Jan. Genesis 28:10-22
• 1 Feb. Genesis 29:1-30
• 2 Feb. Genesis 29:31-35,30:1-12,17-24
• 3 Feb. Genesis 30:25-43
• 4 Feb. Genesis 31:1-21
• 5 Feb. Genesis 31:25-55
• 6 Feb. Genesis 32:1-8,13,22-30
• 7 Feb. Genesis 33:1-11
• 8 Feb. Genesis 33:12-20
• 9 Feb. Genesis 35:1-7
• 10 Feb. Genesis 35:9-15
• 11 Feb. Genesis 35:16-21,27-29
• 12 Feb. Genesis 37:1-11
• 13 Feb. Genesis 37:12-24
• 14 Feb. Genesis 37:25-34
• 15 Feb. Genesis 39:1-6
• 16 Feb. Genesis 39:6-22
• 17 Feb. Genesis 40:1-23
• 18 Feb. Genesis 41:1-14
• 19 Feb. Genesis 41:15-37
• 20 Feb. Genesis 41:39-57
• 21 Feb. Genesis 42:1-38
• 22 Feb. Genesis 43:1-33
• 23 Feb. Genesis 45:1-28
• 24 Feb. Genesis 46:1-7,28-30
• 25 Feb. Genesis 47:1-7,11-12,27-31
• 26 Feb. Genesis 50:1-26
• 27 Feb. Exodus 1:1-14
• 28 Feb. Exodus 1:15-22
• 1 Mar. Exodus 2:1-10
• 2 Mar. Exodus 2:11-15
• 3 Mar. Exodus 2:16-22
• 4 Mar. Exodus 3:1-10
• 5 Mar. Exodus 3:11-20
• 6 Mar. Exodus 4:1-17
• 7 Mar. Exodus 4:18-31
• 8 Mar. Exodus 5:1-21
• 9 Mar. Exodus 5:22-6:9
• 10 Mar. Exodus 7:14-21
• 11 Mar. Exodus 11:1-10
• 12 Mar. Exodus 12:1-17
• 13 Mar. Exodus 12:21-30
• 14 Mar. Exodus 12:29-40
• 15 Mar. Exodus 13:17-14:4
• 16 Mar. Exodus 14:5-31
• 17 Mar. Exodus 15:1-27
• 18 Mar. Exodus 16:1-18,31
• 19 Mar. Exodus 17:1-7
• 20 Mar. Exodus 17:8-16
• 21 Mar. Exodus 18:1-27
• 22 Mar. Exodus 19:1-11,14-19
• 23 Mar. Exodus 20:1-20
• 24 Mar. Exodus 21:1-23:17
• 25 Mar. Exodus 24:12-18
• 26 Mar. Exodus 25:1-26,33
• 27 Mar. Exodus 32:1-20
• 28 Mar. Exodus 32:21-35
• 29 Mar. Exodus 34:1-22,27-29
• 30 Mar. Exodus 40:1-21,33-36
• 31 Mar. Leviticus 1;1-14:4
• 1 Apr. Numbers 1:1-2:34
• 2 Apr. Numbers 10:11-11:35
• 3 Apr. Numbers 12:1-16
• 4 Apr. Numbers 13:1-33
• 5 Apr. Numbers 14:1-38
• 6 Apr. Numbers 14:41-45
• 7 Apr. Numbers 16:1-40
• 8 Apr. Numbers 16:41-17:11
• 9 Apr. Numbers 20:1-13
• 10 Apr. Numbers 20:14-21:4
• 11 Apr. Numbers 21:4-9
• 12 Apr. Numbers 21:10-20
• 13 Apr. Numbers 21:21-35
• 14 Apr. Numbers 22:1-24:25
• 15 Apr. Numbers 25:1-18
• 16 Apr. Numbers 26:1-65
• 17 Apr. Numbers 27:12-23
• 18 Apr. Numbers 31:1-16,25-31
• 19 Apr. Numbers 32:1-38
• 20 Apr. Numbers 34:1-18,35:1-12
• 21 Apr. Deuteronomy 8:1-11
• 22 Apr. Deuteronomy 34:1-12
• 23 Apr. Joshua 1:1-18
• 24 Apr. Joshua 2:1-24
• 25 Apr. Joshua 3:1-17
• 26 Apr. Joshua 4:1-24,5:1
• 27 Apr. Joshua 6:1-27
• 28 Apr. Joshua 7:1-26
• 29 Apr. Joshua 8:1-29
• 30 Apr. Joshua 8:30-35
• 1 May. Joshua 9:1-27
• 2 May. Joshua 10:1-28
• 3 May. Joshua 10:29-43
• 4 May. Joshua 11:1-14
• 5 May. Joshua 13:1-8,14:1-4,18:1
• 6 May. Joshua 20:1-9
• 7 May. Joshua 22:1-16,21,28,30-34
• 8 May. Joshua 23:1-16,24:14-16,22-27
• 9 May. Joshua 24:29-33
• 10 May. Judges 1:1-11,17-19
• 11 May. Judges 2:1-5,10-15
• 12 May. Judges 2:16-23
• 13 May. Judges 3:5-11
• 14 May. Judges 3:12-30
• 15 May. Judges 4:1-24,5:31
• 16 May. Judges 6:1-27
• 17 May. Judges 6:33-40
• 18 May. Judges 7:1-25
• 19 May. Judges 8:4-28
• 20 May. Judges 8:29-9:21
• 21 May. Judges 9:22-49
• 22 May. Judges 9:50-57
• 23 May. Judges 10:1-16
• 24 May. Judges 10:17-11:33
• 25 May. Judges 11:30-31,34-40
• 26 May. Judges 12:1-6
• 27 May. Judges 12:7-15,13:1
• 28 May. Judges 13:2-25
• 29 May. Judges 14:1-11
• 30 May. Judges 14:12-20
• 31 May. Judges 15:1-8
• 1 June Judges 15:9-20
• 2 June Judges 16:1-3
• 3 June Judges 16:4-15
• 4 June Judges 16:16-31
• 5 June Judges 17:1-13
• 6 June Judges 18:1-31
• 7 June Judges 19:1-30
• 8 June Judges 20:1-48
• 9 June Judges 21:1-23
• 10 June Job 1:1-22
• 11 June Job 2:1-13
• 12 June Job 3:11-13:8
• 13 June Job 38:1-42:17
• 14 June Ruth 1:1-22
• 15 June Ruth 2:1-23
• 16 June Ruth 3:1-18
• 17 June Ruth 4:1-17
• 18 June 1 Samuel 1:1-20
• 19 June 1 Samuel 1:21-2:2
• 20 June 1 Samuel 2:11-12,18-26
• 21 June 1 Samuel 3:1-21
• 22 June 1 Samuel 4:1-18
• 23 June 1 Samuel 5:1-12
• 24 June 1 Samuel 6:1-21,7:1
• 25 June 1 Samuel 7:2-17
• 26 June 1 Samuel 8:1-22
• 27 June 1 Samuel 9:1-27,10:1
• 28 June 1 Samuel 10:1-11
• 29 June 1 Samuel 10:13-25
• 30 June 1 Samuel 11:1-15
• 1 July 1 Samuel 12:1-25
• 2 July 1 Samuel 13:2-7
• 3 July 1 Samuel 13:8-15
• 4 July 1 Samuel 14:1-23
• 5 July 1 Samuel 14:24-46
• 6 July 1 Samuel 14:47-15:9
• 7 July 1 Samuel 15:10-31
• 8 July 1 Samuel 16:1-13
• 9 July 1 Samuel 16:14-23
• 10 July 1 Samuel 17:1-52
• 11 July 1 Samuel 17:57-58,18:1-16
• 12 July 1 Samuel 18:17-29
• 13 July 1 Samuel 19:1-18
• 14 July 1 Samuel 20:1-47
• 15 July 1 Samuel 21:1-9
• 16 July 1 Samuel 21:10-11,22:1-5
• 17 July 1 Samuel 22:6-19
• 18 July 1 Samuel 23:1-13
• 19 July 1 Samuel 24:1-22
• 20 July 1 Samuel 25:1-44
• 21 July 1 Samuel 26:1-25
• 22 July 1 Samuel 27:1-12
• 23 July 1 Samuel 28:1-20
• 24 July 1 Samuel 29:1-11
• 25 July 1 Samuel 30:1-31
• 26 July 1 Samuel 31:1-13
• 27 July 2 Samuel 1:1-16
• 28 July 2 Samuel 2:1-7
• 29 July 2 Samuel 2:8-17
• 30 July 2 Samuel 3:1,6-21
• 31 July 2 Samuel 3:22-32
• 1 Aug. 2 Samuel 4:1-12
• 2 Aug. 2 Samuel 5:1-12
• 3 Aug. 2 Samuel 5:17-25
• 4 Aug. 2 Samuel 6:1-23
• 5 Aug. 2 Samuel 7:1-17
• 6 Aug. 2 Samuel 8:1-14
• 7 Aug. 2 Samuel 9:1-13
• 8 Aug. 2 Samuel 10:1-14
• 9 Aug. 2 Samuel 11:1-17,26-27
• 10 Aug. 2 Samuel 12:1-18
• 11 Aug. 2 Samuel 12:24-31
• 12 Aug. 2 Samuel 13:1-39
• 13 Aug. 2 Samuel 14:21-33
• 14 Aug. 2 Samuel 15:1-12
• 15 Aug. 2 Samuel 15:13-37
• 16 Aug. 2 Samuel 16:1-22
• 17 Aug. 2 Samuel 17:1-29
• 18 Aug. 2 Samuel 18:1-33
• 19 Aug. 2 Samuel 19:1-18
• 20 Aug. 1 Kings 1:5-27
• 21 Aug. 1 Kings 1:28-53
• 22 Aug. 1 Kings 2:1-12
• 23 Aug. 1 Kings 2:13-46
• 24 Aug. 1 Kings 3:1-15
• 25 Aug. 1 Kings 3:16-28
• 26 Aug. 1 Kings 4:7,20-34
• 27 Aug. 1 Kings 5:1-18
• 28 Aug. 1 Kings 6:1-22,38
• 29 Aug. 1 Kings 7:1-12
• 30 Aug. 1 Kings 7:13-30,37-38,45-46
• 31 Aug. 1 Kings 8:1-11
• 1 Sept. 1 Kings 8:22-34,54-57,62-63
• 2 Sept. 1 Kings 9:1-9
• 3 Sept. 1 Kings 10:1-10,13
• 4 Sept. 1 Kings 11:1-13
• 5 Sept. 1 Kings 11:14-40
• 6 Sept. 1 Kings 11:42-12:20
• 7 Sept. 1 Kings 12:25-33
• 8 Sept. 1 Kings 14:1-20
• 9 Sept. 1 Kings 14:21-31
• 10 Sept. 1 Kings 15:1-16
• 11 Sept. 1 Kings 15:25-29,17-24
• 12 Sept. 1 Kings 16:1-22
• 13 Sept. 1 Kings 16:23-28
• 14 Sept. 1 Kings 16:29-33
• 15 Sept. 1 Kings 17:1-16
• 16 Sept. 1 Kings 17:17-24
• 17 Sept. 1 Kings 18:1-9,15-21
• 18 Sept. 1 Kings 18:22-40
• 19 Sept. 1 Kings 18:41-46
• 20 Sept. 1 Kings 19:1-18
• 21 Sept. 1 Kings 19:19-21
• 22 Sept. 1 Kings 20:1-22
• 23 Sept. 1 Kings 21:1-16
• 24 Sept. 1 Kings 21:17-29
• 25 Sept. 1 Kings 22:1-40
• 26 Sept. 2 Kings 1:1-18
• 27 Sept. 2 Kings 2:1-15
• 28 Sept. 2 Kings 3:1-27
• 29 Sept. 2 Kings 2:19-22,4:1-7
• 30 Sept. 2 Kings 4:8-37
• 1 Oct. 2 Kings 4:38-44
• 2 Oct. 2 Kings 5:1-15
• 3 Oct. 2 Kings 6:8-23
• 4 Oct. 2 Kings 8:7-15
• 5 Oct. 2 Kings 9:1-25
• 6 Oct. 2 Kings 9:30-37
• 7 Oct. 2 Kings 12:1-12
• 8 Oct. 2 Kings 13:1-9
• 9 Oct. 2 Kings 13:14-21
• 10 Oct. 2 Kings 14:23-29
• 11 Oct. 2 Kings 15:19-20,16:15-18
• 12 Oct. 2 Kings 17:1-18
• 13 Oct. 2 Kings 17:24-34
• 14 Oct. 2 Kings 18:1-8
• 15 Oct. 2 Kings 18:13-21,28-31,36
• 16 Oct. 2 Kings 19:1-10,19-20,32-36
• 17 Oct. 2 Kings 20:1-11
• 18 Oct. 2 Kings 20:12-21
• 19 Oct. 2 Kings 22:1-13
• 20 Oct. 2 Kings 23:1-4,8-11,21-25
• 21 Oct. 2 Kings 23:29-37
• 22 Oct. 2 Kings 24:1-7
• 23 Oct. 2 Kings 24:8-18
• 24 Oct. 2 Kings 25:1-21
• 25 Oct. Daniel 1:1-17
• 26 Oct. Daniel 3:9-15,19-20,24-30
• 27 Oct. Daniel 5:1-13,16-18,20-31
• 28 Oct. Daniel 6:1-11,16-17,19-23
• 29 Oct. Daniel 7:1-9,11-14,16-18
• 30 Oct. Daniel 11:1-9
• 31 Oct. Daniel 12:1-13
• 1 Nov. Ezra 1:1-11
• 2 Nov. Ezra 2:1-70
• 3 Nov. Ezra 3:1-13
• 4 Nov. Ezra 4:1-13,19-21
• 5 Nov. Ezra 5:1-9,6:1-4.13-22
• 6 Nov. Ezra 7:1-6,11-23,8:31-36
• 7 Nov. Nehemiah 1:1-4,2:1-10
• 8 Nov. Nehemiah 2:11-20
• 9 Nov. Nehemiah 4:1-23
• 10 Nov. Nehemiah 5:1-16,6:1-3,15-16
• 11 Nov. Nehemiah 8:1-12
• 12 Nov. Nehemiah 12:27-43
• 13 Nov. Esther 2:1-18
• 14 Nov. Esther 2:19-23
• 15 Nov. Esther 3:1-13
• 16 Nov. Esther 4:1-16
• 17 Nov. Esther 5:1-14
• 18 Nov. Esther 6:1-14
• 19 Nov. Esther 7:1-10
• 20 Nov. Esther 8:1-14
• 21 Nov. Esther 9:1-17,24-28
• 22 Nov. Amos 1:1-15,2:1-2
• 23 Nov. Amos 5:1-7,10-15
• 24 Nov. Hosea 1:1-11
• 25 Nov. Hosea 9:1-9
• 26 Nov. Micah 1:1-9
• 27 Nov. Micah 4:1-5,5:1-5
• 28 Nov. Isaiah 1:1-7,11-20
• 29 Nov. Isaiah 7:1-17,8:3-4
• 30 Nov. Isaiah 9:1-7
• 1 Dec. Isaiah 10:28-34,11:1-10
• 2 Dec. Isaiah 40:1-11
• 3 Dec. Isaiah 44:1-11
• 4 Dec. Isaiah 45:1-7,13-17
• 5 Dec. Isaiah 52:13-15,53:1-12
• 6 Dec. Isaiah 60:1-14
• 7 Dec. Nahum 2:1-13
• 8 Dec. Jeremiah 6:1-8,13-23
• 9 Dec. Jeremiah 7:1-11
• 10 Dec. Jeremiah 18:1-12
• 11 Dec. Jeremiah 19:1-13
• 12 Dec. Jeremiah 23:1-8
• 13 Dec. Jeremiah 26:1-15
• 14 Dec. Jeremiah 29:1-12
• 15 Dec. Zephaniah 1:1-13
• 16 Dec. Habakkuk 1:1-13
• 17 Dec. Ezekiel 1:1-17,22-28
• 18 Dec. Ezekiel 10:1-19,11:22-24
• 19 Dec. Ezekiel 17:1-10
• 20 Dec. Ezekiel 33:21-26,34:1-24
• 21 Dec. Ezekiel 37:1-14
• 22 Dec. Ezekiel 40:1-31
• 23 Dec. Ezekiel 43:1-12
• 24 Dec. Obadiah 1:1-11
• 25 Dec. Haggai 1:1-15
• 26 Dec. Zechariah 1:1-6
• 27 Dec. Zechariah 9:9-17
• 28 Dec. Zechariah 14:1-11
• 29 Dec. Malachi 3:1-5,4:1-6
• 30 Dec. Joel 2:1-11
• 31 Dec. Joel 2:25-32
• Bible Journey 2
• 22. The World of the Old Testament Journeys
• 23.The Journeys of Adam, Enoch, Noah & Abraham
• 24. The Journeys of Isaac, Jacob & Joseph
• 25. The Israelites journey from Egypt to Mt Sinai
• 26. The Journey continues from Sinai to Moab
• 27. The Israelites move into Canaan
• 28. The Israelites face continuing opposition
• 29. The Journeys of Ruth and Samuel
• 30. Israel becomes a kingdom under Saul and David
• 31. The Golden Age of Israel under King Solomon
• 32. The Divided Kingdom & Journey into Exile
• 33. Judah after the fall of Israel
• 34. Judah in exile in Babylonia
• 35. The Exiles return to Judah
• 36. Songs, Prayers & Memorable Sayings
• 37. The Philosopher, the Lover & the Mourner
• 38. Amos, Hosea & Micah criticize Israel
• 39. Isaiah predicts the fall of Israel & Judah
• 40. Isaiah offers comfort to those in exile
• 41. Jonah goes to Nineveh & Nahum condemns it
• 42. Jeremiah warns of the destruction of Jerusalem
• 43. Zephaniah & Habakkuk foretell Judah's fall
• 44. Ezekiel warns of the conquest of Jerusalem
• 45. Obadiah foretells the punishment of Edom
• 46. Haggai & Zechariah encourage re-building
• 47. Malachi & Joel await the Day of the LORD
• 48. The Jewish World of the Old Testament
• 49. Judaism and Christianity compared

Ruth 1:1-5    Towards the end of the period of the ‘Judges’, during seventy years of Philistine rule in c.1060BC, there is a severe famine in Canaan . Two Israelites, Elimelech and his wife Naomi, travel east from Bethlehem in Judah, cross the River Jordan and settle in the land of Moab  (see 1 on Map 52 ). Some time later, Elimelech dies, and their two sons marry Moabite women. About ten years later, both the sons also die.

Map 52   Ruth's journey to Bethlehem

Ruth 1:6-18    Naomi decides to return alone to Bethlehem from Moab in c.1050BC, but one of her daughters-in-law, Ruth (a Moabite), is determined to go with her and care for her (see 2 on Map 52 ).

Ruth 1:19-22    The two women arrive in Bethlehem (meaning ‘house of bread’) at the start of the barley harvest in April. Barley was used to make bread.

Ruth 2:1-23    Ruth goes to pick up leftover grain in a field belonging to a relative of Naomi (see Leviticus 19:9-10). She gains the favour of Boaz, the landowner, who has heard about her kindness to Naomi.

Ruth 3:1-18    Ruth seeks out Boaz under cover of darkness. Boaz is fast asleep after winnowing barley on the threshing floor. He awakes to find Ruth at his feet. As a relative, Boaz agrees to help Ruth and Naomi by buying a plot of land which belonged to Naomi’s husband Elimelech (see Leviticus 25:25).

Ruth 4:1-12    To fulfil the laws of inheritance, another kinsman – who is more closely related to Ruth than Boaz – is given the option of buying the land, but he cannot afford it. So Boaz buys the land from Naomi and then marries Ruth in order to keep the ownership of the land within Elimelech’s family.

Ruth 4:13-22    Ruth and Boaz have a son, Obed. He becomes the father of Jesse, the father of King David. In due course, Bethlehem becomes the ‘City of David’.

View overlooking Bethlehem  (Maysa Al Shaer)  

Bethlehem has a long history whose significance stretches back far before the birth of Jesus Christ.

Towards the end of the period of the Judges, in c.1060BC, Ruth and her mother-in-law Naomi returned across the River Jordan from Moab to Bethlehem . Ruth worked in the field belonging to her relative Boaz and ultimately became his wife. The reputed site of this field – the Field of Ruth - can still be seen at Beit Sahur (‘Village of the shepherds’) near Bethlehem .

Bethlehem is also the site of the tomb of Rachel, the wife of Jacob, who had died here about six hundred years earlier, in c.1690 BC. Rachel’s tomb can still be visited today, on the main road leading from Jerusalem to Bethlehem .

Almost a thousand years after the death of Rachel (see Genesis 35:16-20), the prophet Micah, writing between 747BC and 722BC, declared, “But you, Bethlehem Ephrathah , though you are too small to be among the army groups from  Judah , from you will come one who will rule  Israel for me” (Micah 5:2). This prophesy was fulfilled seven hundred years later when Jesus – a descendent of Isaac, Jacob and Judah, and of Ruth and Boaz - was born at Bethlehem in Judaea (see Matthew 1:2 & 5 and Genesis 49:10).

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Ruth and Naomi: Follow Their Path from Bethlehem to Moab on a Biblical Journey

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An authentic Bible tour is exemplified by putting yourself in the shoes of Biblical people who once walked on the very same ground. Travel the distance from Bethlehem to Moab in the Footsteps of Ruth and Naomi and experience the Biblical narrative come alive as you take the same journey!

As you travel on an Israel tour from Bethlehem to Moab, a mountainous strip of land in Jordan, you can imagine Ruth and Naomi traveling the same 50 miles of rugged and steep terrain. Although it is a short trip today, it would have taken Ruth and Naomi 7-10 days on foot. We know from the Book of Ruth that they took this trip 2 times. Once in haste with their husbands, to find bread in Moab and once alone in Naomi’s bitterness, after both of their husbands died in Moab (along with Naomi’s other son).

What does “Mara” Mean?

After Naomi lost both of her sons and husband in Moab, she says in Ruth 1:20, “Don’t call me Naomi, call me Mara, because the Almighty has made my life very bitter.” The word Mara is a form of Marah , meaning “a bitter place in the desert.” We see in the Word that Moses threw wood into the bitter water of Marah and it was made sweet (Exodus 15:22-26). It is the same with Jesus. Through his death on the cross, a bitter soul is made sweet through redemption.

Explore the Biblical Passage of Ruth On-Site in Israel

So, as we make our way from Bethlehem to Moab on an Israel tour, we can take a moment to visualize the journey of Ruth and Naomi. We can also dwell in thankfulness that when we say our name is “bitter,” God says there is a Redeemer. His name is Jesus Christ.

Have any questions about what to expect on a Living Passages trip or need help finding the perfect tour or cruise? Call us at 1-888-771-8717 or write us at [email protected] for more information!

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The Story of Ruth in the Bible: A Tale of Loyalty and Redemption

• January 20, 2024

Historical Context and Genealogy

Before you explore the poignant narrative of Ruth, it’s essential to grasp the backdrop of its occurrence and the ensuing lineage that bears significance to Judeo-Christian heritage.

The Time of the Judges

The Book of Ruth is set during the tumultuous era of the Judges , a period described in the Hebrew Bible as a time when “there was no king in Israel; everyone did what was right in his own eyes” ( Judges 17:6 ).

It was a time marked by both moral ambiguity and a cycle of national sin, oppression, and deliverance.

This historical era provides the backdrop to Ruth’s story, positioning her tale in a context of societal instability and divine providence.

The Lineage of David

Ruth, a Moabite woman , becomes an ancestor of King David , after her display of unwavering loyalty to Naomi, her Israelite mother-in-law.

Your understanding of Ruth’s personal history is deepened when you consider that she is listed in the genealogy of David , a pivotal figure in Jewish and Christian traditions, outlined in the Gospel according to Matthew.

Through her marriage to Boaz, Ruth is woven into the lineage leading up to David and, by Christian belief, to Jesus Christ himself.

This genealogical connection can be found in the latter part of the Book of Ruth ( Ruth 4:17-22 ) and is expounded upon in other texts such as Ezra and Nehemiah , highlighting the integrative narrative of Hebrew history.

Ruth’s story is not just a personal journey but part of the foundational fabric of the line from which David and consequently the Messiah, as prophesied, arise.

Ruth’s Journey and Loyalty

Your exploration into the Biblical narrative of Ruth reveals a heartfelt journey underscored by unwavering loyalty.

This section brings to light Ruth’s dedication to her mother-in-law Naomi, and their collective journey from the land of Moab back to Bethlehem amidst a dire famine.

Ruth’s Dedication to Naomi

When faced with the death of her husband and the overwhelming grief of her mother-in-law, Naomi, your recognition of Ruth’s devotion becomes apparent.

Choosing to stay with Naomi rather than returning to her own family in Moab, Ruth embodies selflessness and devotion .

She utters the poignant words, “ Where you go I will go, and where you stay I will stay.

Your people will be my people and your God my God ” ( Ruth’s story of loyalty ), setting a powerful example of steadfast commitment .

The Journey from Moab to Bethlehem

Famine had driven Naomi’s family to Moab, but upon hearing of improved conditions in her homeland, the decision to return was made.

Ruth, embracing a profound sense of loyalty , forsakes her native land and joins Naomi on the perilous journey back to Bethlehem.

This act is not merely a change in land , but a testament of unwavering faith and dedication to Naomi’s family, and ultimately to God.

Ruth’s journey from Moab would lead her to become an integral part of a greater redemption story, marking her as a figure of hope and fidelity within your religious heritage.

Cultural and Religious Practices

Your exploration of the story of Ruth in the Bible offers a distinctive glimpse into the cultural and religious practices of the time.

Anchored in the fabric of ancient Israelite society, these practices highlight the importance of traditions such as gleaning and the observance of Levitical laws central to the narrative.

Gleaning in the Fields

When you revisit the story of Ruth, you will witness the practice of gleaning , a form of social welfare commanded by the Torah.

During the harvest period, landowners were required to leave the corners of their fields unharvested and allow the poor to harvest (Leviticus 19:9-10).

This not only provided sustenance but also preserved dignity and community cohesion.

• Barley Harvest : The period when Ruth gleaned in the fields to support herself and Naomi.

Levitical Laws and Redemption

The Torah established laws detailing redemption that Ruth’s story exemplifies.

A central concept is the role of a ‘kinsman redeemer,’ a relative who would ensure the continuity of family lineage by marrying a widow, as Boaz did for Ruth.

• Leviticus : The book of the Torah where redemption and family lineage laws are delineated.
• Covenant : Such laws were seen as covenantal obligations, binding individuals and communities to a set of sacred traditions and customs.

By understanding these practices, you grasp the profound respect for the customs and laws they held, which still resonates in Jewish tradition to this day.

Ruth and Boaz’s Relationship

In the heart of the narrative of Ruth, you find a testament of loyalty and divine provision through Ruth and Boaz’s relationship .

As you explore their connection, note how it beautifully exemplifies the principles of redemption and integration into a faith community.

Boaz as the Redeemer

Boaz , a man of wealth and influence in Judah , comes forth as a kinsman-redeemer to Ruth , the Moabite widow.

Under the laws of the time, as a close relative to Ruth’s deceased husband, Boaz has the privilege and obligation to redeem Ruth to ensure the survival of her husband’s name and lineage.

Your understanding of ‘redeemer’ in this context is crucial, as it signifies not just a rescuer, but one who restores rights and brings back into community.

When Ruth approaches Boaz, she does so humbly, yet with courage, invoking this role of kinsman-redeemer.

Boaz, touched by Ruth’s loyalty to her mother-in-law Naomi and impressed by her reputation, agrees to take on this role.

He ensures Ruth’s protection and provision, first as a benefactor and soon as a redeemer.

Your perspective on this action may see it as symbolic, heralding Boaz’s integrity and adherence to Israelite customs and laws.

Marriage and Integration into Israel

The marriage of Ruth and Boaz is a heartfelt one, founded on love and mutual respect.

It also serves the practical purpose of integrating Ruth, an outsider, into the community of Israel.

The union is celebrated and blessed by the townspeople, who pray for the couple to be fruitful and for their lineage to be as honorable as that of Rachel and Leah, the matriarchs of Israel .

Through her marriage to Boaz, Ruth transitions from a vulnerable widow to a respected member of the Israelite community.

Your reflection on this story may recognize it as a narrative of hope, showing that even the most dire circumstances can be turned around through faith and righteous action.

Ruth’s unwavering dedication to Naomi, together with Boaz’s empathy and benevolence, reinforce the redeeming power of love and faithfulness within their shared tradition.

The Legacy of Ruth in Christianity

In your exploration of Ruth’s impact on Christianity, you encounter her remarkable embodiment of faith and her integral placement in Christian scripture.

Ruth as a Model of Faith and Righteousness

Ruth’s unwavering loyalty and kindness are exemplified by her decision to leave her homeland and accompany Naomi back to Bethlehem.

In the Book of Ruth within the Hebrew Bible , your encounter with Ruth’s character teaches you about steadfastness and virtuous conduct.

As you reflect on her actions, consider her act of gleaning in the fields—both a display of humility and an exercise in trusting God to provide.

Ruth in the Christian Canon

As the great-grandmother of King David, Ruth assumes a momentous role in the genealogy leading to the Messiah in Christian belief.

Her story, found in the Christian Old Testament, has been a touchstone for conversations about inclusion and divine providence.

It’s through Ruth’s lineage that Christians see the unfolding of a divine plan, culminating in the birth of Jesus, whom Christians revere as the Messiah.

Your understanding of faith within Christianity is thus enriched by the narrative of Ruth’s life and legacy.

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The Journeys of Ruth and Naomi

The book of Ruth begins with the line, “In the days when the judges judged’  (וַיְהִ֗י בִּימֵי֙ שְׁפֹ֣ט הַשֹּׁפְטִ֔ים, Ruth 1:1). The Book of Ruth, traditionally read as part of the service on Shavuot, opens by setting its narrative in the time of the Book of Judges, placing it against a backdrop of upheaval, insecurity and danger. The two books also connect thematically through their depictions of journeys. Travel occurs frequently in the Book of Judges: Gideon crosses the Jordan (Judges 8:4); Yiftach flees from his brothers (Judges 10:3); and Samson goes down to Timnah, where he takes a Philistine wife (Judges 14:1). The final chapters of the Book of Judges recount the journeys of unnamed characters in a series of malevolent incidents: a wandering Levite sanctions Micah’s idol worship (Judges 17:12-13); the traveling Danites then take these idols and set up their own shrine (Judges 18:30); and finally the heinous crime perpetrated on the concubine of Gibeah begins with a decision to go on the road instead of staying another night at her father’s house (Judges 19:10). Naomi and Ruth travel during a time of uncertainty in the land as a whole, but also against this backdrop of journeys that lead to tragic consequences.

Naomi and Ruth travel during a time of uncertainty in the land as a whole, but also against this backdrop of journeys that lead to tragic consequences.

Perhaps it is more meaningful to consider Naomi and Ruth on similar but separate journeys, as their situations differ in significant ways. Ruth is a foreigner coming ‘to a people that [she] does not know’ (תֵּ֣לְכִ֔י אֶל־עַ֕ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־יָדַ֖עַתְּ תְּמ֥וֹל שִׁלְשֽׁוֹם, Ruth 2:11); furthermore, she is seemingly unaware of the conventions that govern this society, most notably of the gleaning fields. From the onset, she is disadvantaged by her Moabite ancestry–the fact that she is from Moab is brought up frequently in the text when she is referred to by the other characters. In Torah law, Moabites are prohibited from joining Israelite society for two reasons: they refused food and water when the Israelites were leaving Egypt, and they conspired with Balaam to curse the nation of Israel (Deuteronomy 23:4). However, Ruth proves capable of overcoming the misdeeds of her ancestors. She is the one who furnishes sustenance for her mother-in-law, behavior that Boaz praises by blessing her (Ruth 2:11-12). Unlike many of the journeys in the Book of Judges, Ruth’s ends joyfully with the celebration of her marriage to Boaz and the birth of a son that begins the Davidic dynasty.

However, Ruth proves capable of overcoming the misdeeds of her ancestors. She is the one who furnishes sustenance for her mother-in-law, behavior that Boaz praises by blessing her (Ruth 2:11-12).

If Ruth’s journey is precarious because she is heading to the unknown, Naomi’s is precarious for the opposite reason: she is heading to a place that she knows, but not one where she knows what to expect. The reasons for her departure from Bethlehem, as recounted in the opening verse of the Book of Ruth, are clear enough on the surface: there is a famine and the family travels to Moab to find food. However, the rabbis viewed this decision to leave as the first step in the downfall of Naomi, her husband, and their sons: 

And Rabbi Shimon ben Yochai would likewise say: Elimelech and his sons Mahlon and Chilion were prominent members of their generation and were leaders of their generation. And for what reason were they punished? Because they left Israel to go outside of Israel , as it is stated : “And all the city was astir concerning them, and the women said: Is this Naomi?” (Ruth 1:19). What is the meaning of the phrase: “Is this Naomi”? Rabbi Yitzhak says that the women said: Have you seen what befell Naomi, who left the land of Israel to go outside of Israel ? (Bava Batra, 91a)

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Naomi too chose to leave Bethlehem at a time of distress, so she is viewed by the villagers as equally at fault for the tragedies she has experienced.

When Naomi returns to Bethlehem, she publicly bemoans her state: 

“Do not call me Naomi,” she replied [to the women of the town]. “Call me Mara, for  Shaddai has made my lot very bitter. I went away full, and the LORD has brought me  back empty. How can you call me Naomi, when the LORD has dealt harshly with me,  when Shaddai has brought misfortune upon me!” (Ruth 1:20-21) 

This declaration is not the first to express the profundity of her despair. Naomi sought to send away her daughters-in-law while traveling–Orpah acquiesces to Naomi’s exhortation that she return to Moab (Ruth 1:14). It is hard to imagine that Naomi would have been so insistent if she envisioned an optimistic future awaiting in Bethlehem. Yet despite her fears, she is blessed in the end (Ruth 4:14), blessings that come from the same women who asked: ‘Is this Naomi?’ when she initially returned.

As our society takes the first tentative steps to reopening during this time of COVID-19, we also find ourselves embarking on a journey, one whose outcome is impossible to determine.

As our society takes the first tentative steps to reopening during this time of COVID-19, we also find ourselves embarking on a journey, one whose outcome is impossible to determine. In some ways, we will be treading on new ground as we re-establish our lives in ways that do not jeopardize the health of others–concerns that few of us have experienced before. Yet we will also be returning to patterns that we know, accompanied by disruption and incongruity given the sudden economic and societal changes that we have experienced. In other words, we are simultaneously Ruth and Naomi, in that we are heading to the unknown and to the known.

But if we can be brave enough to seek out what we need in our vulnerability–both from ourselves and from others–we too can establish a better future than we could currently imagine.

The blithe moral of this story, of course, is to say that we should all strive to be like Ruth: patient, generous, and selfless in our actions. But my guess is that we all are sometimes akin to Naomi in the opening chapter of this book: frightened by the voyage that we are taking; uncertain that we are on the best path; with our worry blinding us to the potential that the future holds. Naomi’s happy ending comes about not due to any dramatic act, but because she stopped trying to convince Ruth to leave her (Ruth 1:18). One of the many lessons from this book, then, is the importance of being vulnerable to those around us at a time when we are feeling most hopeless. As we recover from the challenges that social distancing instigated, it may be hard to imagine that our society can return to a place of normalcy. But if we can be brave enough to seek out what we need in our vulnerability–both from ourselves and from others–we too can establish a better future than we could currently imagine.

Zoë Lang is an active member of the Cambridge, MA Jewish community and the special events coordinator for the Cambridge-Somerville Open Beit Midrash. She holds a PhD from Harvard University and currently serves as the Systems Implementation Consultant at Maimonides School in Brookline, MA.

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Casual English Bible

By Stephen M. Miller

Bible map for Ruth

Related to Bible Books:

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Author: Ron Graham

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Ruth’s Adventures —And her virtues and faith

Time ~ 4. Conquest of Canaan Span ~ 170 years Books ~ Joshua, Judges, Ruth, 1Samuel Figures ~ Joshua, Samuel Begins with ~ Entry into promised Land across Jordan

Amid all the turmoil in the time of the conquest of Canaan, there were still those who managed to live quiet godly lives in villages and farms. The story of Ruth is a welcome respite from the book of Judges, and a fitting prelude to the book of Samuel.

This true story demonstrates the providence of God —how he helps people through hard times and grants them new seasons of refreshing and joy as he did in Bethlehem.  

1 Not All Bad News

Approaching the time of Samuel, a general swing upward occurs in the morality, and morale, of Israel. The story of Ruth shows that the seeds of Godliness were being sown in Israel by good men and women like those who feature in this story.

While the rest of the world may abandon the right ways of the L ORD and live in darkness, there are still pockets of people who remain close to God, and in whose lives the light of God's love shines.

While the rest of the world lives in selfishness, there are good men and women who are willing to commit themselves sacrificially to others and, of course, to God. They have the spirit of the Lord Jesus Christ (Philippians 2:1-8) . In this story, they also happened to be his ancestors.

2 The Main Point

Behind this story is the faith that Ruth showed in God and her beauty of holiness. The kindness and generosity of Boaz stands out too.

The community that welcomed the stranger also shows a lovely spirit. From this story we learn the attitudes that make a strong church.  

3 Bible Summary (Ruth 1-4)

• Naomi falls on hard times -she and her daughters-in-law become widows (1)
• One of them, Ruth, vows not to desert Naomi (1)
• Naomi and Ruth journey from Moab to Bethlehem in Judah (1)
• Naomi's relative, Boaz, shows kindness to Ruth, and lets her glean in his field (2)
• At night on the threshing floor, Ruth lies down with Boaz at his feet. He is greatly touched, and promises to marry Ruth if law and custom will permit (3)
• With great diplomacy, Boaz arranges that Ruth can be his wife, and he can redeem the inheritance that Naomi nearly lost (4)
• Out of their love, Ruth and Boaz produce a son, and Naomi becomes his nurse (4)
• The boy's name is Obed. He was the grandfather of King David (4)

4 Ruth's Good Qualities and Commitment

• Ruth's lovely pledge to Naomi   Do not intreat me to leave you, Or to turn back from following you, For where you go I will go, And where you lodge I will lodge. Your people shall be my people, And your God my God. Where you die I will die, And there I will be buried. May God do thus to me, And do worse If anything but death parts you and me.  
• She felt a duty of care to an elderly member of her family —and did not let her husband's death destroy the bond .
• She left her home town to take up life in an unfamiliar place —and made every effort to adapt to new ways .
• She trusted in God, and under his wings sought refuge —and accepted his providence humbly and thankfully .
• She was not afraid of hard work, and not demeaned by it —and she was willing to share what she had earned .
• She knew her place and showed courtesy and good manners —and she followed the advice of those older and wiser .
• She married a man for his goodness, became a faithful wife —and shared her joy and love unselfishly with others .

5 God's Acceptance of Ruth

• Ruth was a Gentile, a Moabite (Ruth:1:4).
• She made the true God her God (Ruth 1:16).
• God accepted her and blessed her (Ruth 4:13).
• She became the mother of Boaz's son Obed, thus she was king David's great grandmother and one of Christ's ancestors (Ruth 4:21-22, Mtt1:5-6).  
• Moab is east of the Dead Sea at its southern end. The town of Bethlehem is west of the Dead Sea at its northern end. The journey from Moab to Bethlehem is around 80km.
• The origin of the Moabites: Moab was the son of Lot (Abraham's nephew). Moab's mother was Lot's eldest daughter (Genesis 19:36-38)

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Map of the Journey of Ruth

This map features Beit Lechem (Bethlehem) and the land of Moav, the places where the events of the Book of Ruth take place as described in Ruth 1.

• Beit Lechem – Part of the land of the tribe of Judah (See our ancient map of Israel ), it is the place where most of the events in the Book of Ruth transpire. Elimelech moves his family from Beit Lechem when famine strikes (Ruth 1:1) , and Naomi returns to Beit Lechem with her daughter-in-law Ruth after losing her husband and two sons (Ruth 1:19) . In ancient times, Beit Lechem was full of fields of wheat and grains for harvesting. It is also the site of Rachel’s burial place (Genesis 35:19) .
• Moav – Elimelech escapes famine in Israel by bringing his family to Moav (Ruth 1:1) . Here, his children marry Moavite women, most notably Ruth who becomes the mother of Jewish royalty.

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Colossians and Philemon

A certain man from Bethlehem of Judah went to sojourn in the land of Moab (Ruth 1:1).

Bethlehem lies in the northern hill country of Judah. In the days of Ruth it was little more than an agricultural village, having no great significance or renown. Since then, however, it has seen a lot of growth and modernization, making it harder to imagine the town that Ruth and Naomi knew.

Journey to Moab

They went into the country of Moab, and remained there (Ruth 1:2).

Moab is southeast of Judah, and the two regions are separated by the Dead Sea . There are two possible paths that Elimelech and Naomi could have taken as they traveled to the other side: a northward or a southward one. If they circled north, they would have moved up toward Jerusalem, over to Jericho , across the Jordan River , and then south toward Moab proper through the Plains of Moab. These plains, pictured here, are located on the northeastern side of the Dead Sea.

The Land of Moab

The author of Ruth does not record where Naomi’s family settled in Moab. Depending upon the extent of Moab’s territory at this time, the family may have settled either north or south of the Nahal Arnon. But regardless of the exact location, it was apparently a fertile area, like these fields south of the Arnon. The fact that the Gentile Moabites were enjoying sufficient rainfall while Israel suffered drought is a testament to God’s judgment on his people, brought on by their shocking immorality in the days of the judges.

Return to Bethlehem

And they went on the road to return to the land of Judah (Ruth 1:7).

On the return journey, Naomi and Ruth would have had the same choice of paths. If they decided not to circle the Dead Sea’s northern end, they could have crossed over the sea near its southern end. A piece of land called the lisan  stuck out into the sea, creating a convenient crossing point opposite Masada . Nowadays the water level is so low that this crossing is completely dry, as can be seen here, but in Ruth’s day they may have needed a boat.

Ancient Houses

Naomi said to her two daughters-in-law, “Go, return each of you to her mother’s house” (Ruth 1:8).

Given the length of time separating us from Ruth’s era (around the 12th century BC), we do not have many well-preserved examples of the buildings these women would have been familiar with. We do, however, have this well-preserved (and now reconstructed) structure from the Medeba Plateau, north of ancient Moab. It is one of the earliest four-room houses yet to be excavated in the Middle East, and it gives us an idea of what “home” might have looked like for the people in this story.

Barley Harvest

And they came to Bethlehem at the beginning of barley harvest (Ruth 1:22).

Though not as valuable as wheat, barley was still a popular and important crop in ancient Israel. Its hardiness allowed it to grow in places too dry for other grains, and its early harvest made it an important supply of food while people waited for the other crops to ripen. In fact, the barley harvest is the first harvest of the year, taking place in March or April, meaning that the bulk of Ruth’s narrative takes place in early spring.

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• Naomi and Ruth Return to Bethlehem
• Mike Boling
• January 28, 2016
• Featured , Ruth

Editor’s note: The purpose of this series is to walk our readers through the book of  Ruth in order to help them understand what it teaches and how to apply it to our lives. This series is part of our larger commitment to help Christians learn to read, interpret, reflect, and apply the Bible to their own lives.

• Zach Barnhart opened up our series by looking at Ruth 1:1-5
• Today Mike Boling looks at Ruth 1:6-22. **************************************************

Ruth 1:6-22, “ 6  Then she arose with her daughters-in-law to return from the country of Moab, for she had heard in the fields of Moab that the Lord had visited his people and given them food. 7  So she set out from the place where she was with her two daughters-in-law, and they went on the way to return to the land of Judah. 8  But Naomi said to her two daughters-in-law, “Go, return each of you to her mother’s house. May the Lord deal kindly with you, as you have dealt with the dead and with me. 9  The Lord grant that you may find rest, each of you in the house of her husband!” Then she kissed them, and they lifted up their voices and wept. 10  And they said to her, “No, we will return with you to your people.” 11  But Naomi said, “Turn back, my daughters; why will you go with me? Have I yet sons in my womb that they may become your husbands? 12  Turn back, my daughters; go your way, for I am too old to have a husband. If I should say I have hope, even if I should have a husband this night and should bear sons, 13  would you therefore wait till they were grown? Would you therefore refrain from marrying? No, my daughters, for it is exceedingly bitter to me for your sake that the hand of the Lord has gone out against me.” 14  Then they lifted up their voices and wept again. And Orpah kissed her mother-in-law, but Ruth clung to her. 15  And she said, “See, your sister-in-law has gone back to her people and to her gods; return after your sister-in-law.” 16  But Ruth said, “Do not urge me to leave you or to return from following you. For where you go I will go, and where you lodge I will lodge. Your people shall be my people, and your God my God. 17  Where you die I will die, and there will I be buried. May the Lord do so to me and more also if anything but death parts me from you.” 18  And when Naomi saw that she was determined to go with her, she said no more. 19  So the two of them went on until they came to Bethlehem. And when they came to Bethlehem, the whole town was stirred because of them. And the women said, “Is this Naomi?” 20  She said to them, “Do not call me Naomi; [ a ] call me Mara, [ b ] for the Almighty has dealt very bitterly with me. 21  I went away full, and the Lord has brought me back empty. Why call me Naomi, when the Lord has testified against me and the Almighty has brought calamity upon me? 22  So Naomi returned, and Ruth the Moabite her daughter-in-law with her, who returned from the country of Moab. And they came to Bethlehem at the beginning of barley harvest.”

The initial five verses of Ruth leave the reader at a proverbial cliffhanger with Naomi and her two daughters-in-law, Orpah and Ruth, on the brink of starvation and disaster. Ruth 1:6 presents a massive shift, one that provides an element of hope with a large amount of God’s divine grace mixed in for good measure. While Ruth 1:6 seems to be a simple statement for the reader focused on noting that the famine had perhaps passed in Bethlehem, closer inspection reveals there is quite a bit of information to be had in this passage that both sets the stage for future events and continues to demonstrate the theme of this book, specifically the aspect of divine grace extended by God to Naomi and Ruth.

Old Testament scholar Daniel Block aptly notes some important points to consider in this passage, most notably in the notation of the provision of food by God:

“First, it was a gift from God that in the midst of her grief and pain Naomi was able to hear good news. Second, Naomi heard Yahweh had intervened on behalf of his people. The critical word in this clause is paqad, which bears a wide range of meanings. It occurs most often in military contexts, where it means “to assemble, count, and muster” men for battle. But it is also common in theological contexts, with God as the subject. In such cases it means generally “to attend to, to visit”, but this visitation may be either favorable or unfavorable. In negative contexts (usually expressed by paqad ‘al) it denotes “to intervene against”, that is, “to punish”, though always in keeping with the covenant stipulations. In positive contexts (expressed by paqad ‘et, as in our text), the word means “to intervene on behalf of, to come to the aid of.” The latter is certainly the case here. Third, the object of the divine favor is identified as ‘ammo, “his people”, the nation of Israel. The term expresses the normal covenant relationship between deity and his people. The return of the rains was a signal that God had not forgotten or rejected them. Fourth, Yahweh had given his people bread. The read of Hebrew will recognize the play on the name Bethlehem. The “house of bread” is being restocked.”[1]

So we have in this passage the reality that God had not forgotten his people and had once again provided them with their daily bread in keeping with His covenant promises. Given the cycle of rebellion and turning back to God that is found throughout the period of the Judges, it is likely the period noted in this passage is a time when the people returned to God, possibly finding deliverance from oppression or the lifting of the famine. Either approach was divinely provided, something this passage clearly notes.

Naomi leaves the plain of Moab where she had been living, departing that place with Orpah and Ruth, journeying back to Bethlehem on the road that leads back to Judah. Furthermore, the text notes Naomi urging her two daughters-in-law to return to their homeland, expressing the desire for the grace of God to be extended to them in the same manner as they extended grace to her by staying with her following the death of her husband and their husbands.

An interesting element of these two verses is found in the use of the Hebrew word hesed , a word most scholars note is very difficult to accurately translate fully into English. In this particular context, it can be averred that hesed “encompasses deeds of mercy performed by a more powerful party for the benefit of the weaker one.”[2] One must not forget that Orpah and Ruth could have left Naomi after their husbands died, given their young age and the potential to be re-married. At this juncture in the story, Naomi believes that both Orpah and Ruth would have a far better future and potential for success if they returned to their homeland.

Ruth 1:9 has some very interesting elements to it once the ANE elements of what being married meant for a woman in that culture and point in history. Huey saliently notes the word rest or security, the Hebrew word mĕnuwchah , refers to the security in the ancient Near Eastern culture that marriage gave a woman rather than describing freedom from work. Naomi expressed her blessing on Orpah and Ruth that Adonai would grant them the security and rest found in the covenant of marriage, an umbrella of protection they had sorely been lacking since the death of their husbands. This statement once again reflects on the idea of God’s hesed, this time grace extended towards two foreign women.

Following this declaration, Naomi kissed her daughters-in-law in the expectation they would be parting ways, however, both Orpah and Ruth began to weep. Naomi tries to talk a bit of sense to Orpah and Ruth. She begins by noting her own inability to produce children due to her age and a lack of a husband. Verhoef comments “Naomi based her persistent urging of Orpah and Ruth to return on the fact of her own advanced age. According to tradition (Gen. 38), or as stipulated in the law (Deut. 25:5-10; cf. Mt. 22:23-28), a levirate marriage was no longer possible (1:11-13).”[3]

Naomi continues her strong recommendation for them to return by noting what seems to be a rather obvious question, referring once again to her lack of ability to produce children. She asks them a somewhat rhetorical question, that of even if Naomi could bear children by some miracle, would Orpah and Ruth be willing to wait around until those children were reared to a sufficient enough age to wed? Even if that were possible, Orpah and Ruth would themselves be too old to marry any offspring of Naomi.

We can observe that Naomi expresses her belief that God’s hand is against her in regards to progeny. Huey aptly comments in regards to this belief, “the true bitterness of Naomi’s lot was that she believed the Lord was punishing her. Underlying the Book of Ruth and the theology of the entire OT is the belief that nothing happens by chance. God is sovereign and does whatever he desires. Naomi offered no explanation as to why she thought God was her enemy. Perhaps, like Job, she could not really understand the calamities that had struck her”[4] within the broader scope of God’s divine plan.

The reader of this passage, at least one familiar with the overall message and events of Ruth, will understand that God is setting the stage for a kinsman-redeemer to emerge, one that would provide the means for a Moabite woman to wed a man of Judah, a marriage that itself would set the stage for King David and the coming of the Messiah. What appeared at the time to Naomi to be God’s hand against her was in actually God’s sovereignty once again playing out in the grand flow of history.

Following Naomi’s recommendation for them to return home, all three wept aloud. At first, it appears the speech by Naomi had no impact as the weeping gives the impression that Orpah and Ruth both still desired to stay with Naomi rather than returning to their homeland. Instead what takes place is Orpah kissing Naomi goodbye with Ruth standing firm in her commitment to stick it out with her mother-in-law. There is no further mention of Orpah in the Book of Ruth so the reader is left to wonder if Naomi’s blessings of God’s favor upon her to find rest and security through marriage came to fruition. We perhaps will never know as the author begins to shift the focus of the story to Naomi and Ruth and their return to Bethlehem.

Some may feel compelled to cast shame on Orpah for not having faith in God or the desire to stay with Naomi. This is something the author does not do at all in the story, in fact, Orpah is not demeaned by the author for choosing to return home. Block suggests ‘Orpah “is not presented as a negative example of unbelief; the narrator interprets her role in the narrative as a foil for Ruth. Her actions also highlight the incredible fortitude and faith of this other Moabite, qualities that will become even more evident in the final interchange.”[5]

Orpah kissed her mother-in-law and then exists the scene and the overall story. What is of interest is the kiss extended by Orpah to Naomi. OT scholar Edward Campbell comments that in Ruth 1:9, “the order is kissing and lamenting; here it is reversed (chiasm). The effect is to bracket artistically the episode of persuasion. Notice also that the kiss in 1:14 goes from Orpah to Naomi, while in 1:9 it was Naomi who kissed the young woman. This is just the signal needed to say that the relationship between Orpah and Naomi is here terminated; we need no further words…to make clear that her Orpah takes her leave. A one-way kiss of farewell is usual in stories of the conclusion of intimate relationships.”[6]

In Ruth 1:15, we find Naomi trying once again to convince Ruth of the wisdom of returning to her homeland of Mo’av. An additional appeal is made that was absent from the previous encouragement provided by Naomi to both Orpah and Ruth. The extra element of persuasion from Naomi was the notation that Orpah had not only returned to her people, but that she had also returned to her god Chemosh, the god worshiped by the Moabites. Huey notes such a statement is significant because “In ancient times it was believed that a deity had power only in the geographical region occupied by his worshipers. Thus to leave one’s land meant separation from one’s god(s). Naomi, though a worshiper of Yahweh, encouraged Ruth to join her sister-in-law and return to her land and to her own “gods.”[7]

Essentially, Naomi after recognizing her previous appeals concerning rest and security found in marriage back in Moab, now attempts to persuade Ruth to return home by appealing to rest and security that Ruth might have believed would come from under the protection of her gods. Ruth’s response to Naomi’s attempt to persuade her return to Moab goes a long way to provide the reader with true insight into the character of Ruth. Block describes Ruth’s response as “among the most memorable in all of Scripture. Few utterances in the Bible match her speech for sheer poetic beauty, and the extraordinary courage and spirituality it expresses.”[8]

She begins her speech with the strong request for Naomi to stop trying to convince her to return to Mo’av with her sister Orpah. The Hebrew word Ruth uses that is often translated as “press” or “entreat” is the word paga . In this context, this word connotes the idea of assailing someone with petitions, something Naomi had certainly been feverishly attempting over the previous several verses. So we have Ruth asking Naomi to cease with the petitions for her to leave and to stop following her. What comes next in Ruth’s speech is truly an amazing statement. Ruth declares “for wherever you go, I will go; and wherever you stay, I will stay. Your people will be my people and your God will be my God. Where you die, I will die; and there I will be buried. May Adonai bring terrible curses on me, and worse ones as well, if anything but death separates you and me.”

At the surface, this may seem like a great statement of commitment based on the love Ruth had for her mother-in-law. While that is definitely true, there is much more going on in this statement which we will now explore in some detail. Block provides salient exposition as to what Ruth was declaring. He notes that Ruth

“answers Naomi’s final plea to join Orpah in returning to the people and the god of Moab. With radical self-sacrifice she abandons every base of security that any person, let alone a poor widow, in that cultural context would have clung to: her native homeland, her own people, even her own gods. Like any Near Easterner of her time, she realized that is she would commit herself to Naomi and go home with her, she must also commit herself to Naomi’s people (Israel) and to Naomi’s God (Yahweh).”[9]

This is truly a momentous decision and it presents a major shift in the overall story. No longer is Elimelech or Naomi the focus of the story with their two sons and two daughters-in-law as minor characters in the main plot. Ruth now jumps to the center stage, declaring her commitment not just to stay with Naomi wherever that may lead, even unto death. Ruth also knowingly declares her commitment to the people of Israel and their God. A Gentile who formerly worshiped the pagan god Chemosh now expresses her faith, albeit small, in Yahweh. This is the definition of God’s hesed being extended to both Naomi and now Ruth. God in His divine sovereignty is paving the way for Ruth to be an important part of His plans, one that would result in the emergence of King David and most importantly, the coming of the Messiah.

Huey provides some additional insight into the manner in which Ruth responded to Naomi, stating “By first naming the people and then God, Ruth revealed that she could not relate to God apart from His people. Nothing but death would separate her from Naomi. She swore a solemn curse on herself if she did not keep her promise.”[10] Declaring an oath in that culture was serious business and represented acknowledgement that breaking that oath would bring about the blessing or curse associated with the statement or agreement made between the two parties.

Based on the nature of the oath declared by Ruth along with the request for Naomi to cease protesting Ruth accompanying her to Bethlehem, Naomi stopped her appeals. Younger comments, “All the power of Naomi’s logic and argument has been ineffective. Ruth’s faith defies human logic and wisdom.”[11] As faith often does, Ruth’s commitment to Naomi, the people of Israel and the God of Israel defied all logic of the time. Instead of returning to a place where physical rest and security was likely awaiting her, Ruth placed her faith in the unknown, in a people she did not know and a God she did not know. This expression of faith by Ruth is reminiscent of how faith is defined in Hebrews 11:1 which states “Now faith is the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen.”

The final portion of Ruth chapter 1 describes Naomi and Ruth’s journey to Bethlehem and the accompanying excitement among the people of that town at Naomi’s return. A number of things are interesting about these three verses beginning with the question posed by the people of Bethlehem, specifically the question “Can this be Naomi?” It has been many years since Elimelekh, Naomi and their two sons departed from Bethlehem for the plains of Moab. The question posed by the people of the town is a rhetorical style question rather than asking whether the woman who had returned was indeed Naomi. Younger comments that the question “is not addressed by the women to Naomi but rather to one another, creating excited commotion.” We must remember that a town like Bethlehem, according to most scholars only had around 500600 people living there during the time of Christ so this was a relatively small town.

The response by Naomi to the commotion her return has caused is again rather telling of the mindset she had at this time. She continues to believe that God has moved against her, using a word play with her the meaning of her name and the Hebrew word marah . Naomi’s name means “pleasant”, so Naomi is purposely employing this comparison between pleasant and marah which means bitter to focus again on her perception that it was God who has made her life unpleasant and bitter.

Something else of interest is the shift from the use of the word Adonai to describe God to that of Shaddai which means “Almighty” or “most powerful”, another attempt to describe that it is God who has decided in His divine power to afflict her with the woe and suffering she has endured to this point. Some may assert that Naomi is blaming God for her lot in life, however, Huey rightly notes “She did not mean it as an accusation but as an acknowledgement of his total control of all things.”[12] While her life has by no means been a piece of cake, Naomi still recognizes the reality of her present situation, also noting that everything that has transpired is part of God’s plan, even though at the moment it seems to be very unpleasant.

Naomi also comments on the fact that she depart Bethlehem full but she came back empty which is again another method used by the author to drive home the underlying idea of provision, in this case the provision of family. While she acknowledges God’s sovereignty, she still cannot comprehend at this point in the story why she left with her family intact, a husband to provide for her and to provide her rest and security, sons to carry on the family, only to return to her homeland empty.

The first chapter of Ruth concludes with a summary statement that Naomi and Ruth with Ruth described as the “ the Moabite her daughter-in-law with her, who returned from the country of Moab. And they came to Bethlehem at the beginning of barley harvest.” Yet again the author mentions the idea of provision, this time returning to the idea of the provision of food that would come via the harvest. Huey notes that “according to the Gezer calendar – the oldest known calendar yet found in Palestine – barley harvest was the eighth month of the agricultural calendar (i.e., April/May).[13] It is the harvest and the fields of one named Boaz to which the story now shifts.

References: [1] Daniel Block, The New American Commentary: Judges-Ruth (Nashville: B&H Publishing Group, 1999), 631. [2] F. B. Huey, Jr. “Commentary on Ruth” in The Expositor’s Bible Commentary, Vol.3: Deuteronomy through 1&2 Samuel. Edited by Frank Gaebelein. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 521. [3] P. A Verhoef. “Commentary on Ruth” in The Biblical Expositor Commentary, Vol.I: Genesis to Esther. Edited by Carl F. H. Henry. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 265. [4] Huey, 522. [5] Block, 638. [6] Edward Campbell, Jr. Anchor Bible Commentary: Ruth (New York: Doubleday, 1975), 72. Ruth 1:15-22 [7] Huey, 523. [8] Block, 640. [9] Ibid., 641. [10] Huey, 524. [11] K. Lawson Younger, Jr. NIV Application Commentary: Judges-Ruth (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2002), 424. [12] Huey, 525. [13] Ibid.

Michael lives in Belleville, IL, a suburb of St. Louis, MO with his wife Erica, adopted daughter Alissa, two cats Molly and Sweetie Pie and horse Beckham. After spending eight years in the United States Navy as a Yeoman, he has been employed for the past ten years by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) where he oversees advanced educational programs. Michael holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Religion (Biblical Studies) from Liberty University and is currently closing in on completing a Master of Arts in Religion (Biblical Studies) from Liberty Baptist Theological Seminary. He is an avid reader and blogger.

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Biblical Meaning of Ruth

Ruth, a Moabite woman who married into a Hebrew family and followed their God, holds great significance in the Bible. The story of Ruth showcases the profound depths of her biblical meaning, highlighting her journey from Moab to Bethlehem and the challenges she faced along the way. Through her story, we learn timeless lessons of faithfulness, loyalty, and the inclusion of all people in God’s love. Let us delve into the captivating narrative of Ruth and explore the rich symbolism and divine providence that characterizes her journey.

Key Takeaways:

• Ruth’s story emphasizes the importance of faithfulness and loyalty in our relationship with God.
• God’s love extends beyond the boundaries of nationality or ethnicity, as demonstrated by His love for non-Jewish gentiles like Ruth.
• Ruth’s journey is seen by many as a foreshadowing of Jesus Christ’s redemptive work.
• The biblical meaning of the name Ruth is often associated with words like “friend” or “companion.”
• Ruth’s unwavering faith and dedication to her family serve as a powerful example for believers.

The Story of Ruth

The book of Ruth tells the tale of a Moabite woman who became an integral part of the Hebrew lineage. Ruth’s story begins when she marries into a Hebrew family during a time of famine. After her husband passes away, Ruth makes the courageous decision to leave her homeland in Moab and accompany her mother-in-law, Naomi, to Bethlehem.

Arriving in Bethlehem, Ruth finds herself a foreigner in a new land. She humbly gleans in the fields, hoping to provide for herself and Naomi. It is in these fields that she catches the eye of Boaz, a relative of Naomi’s late husband, who shows kindness and generosity towards her.

Ruth’s journey in Bethlehem is not without its challenges, but her unwavering loyalty to her family and her newfound faith in God guide her every step. In a beautiful twist of fate, Ruth eventually marries Boaz and becomes the great-grandmother of King David, an ancestor to Jesus Christ himself.

The story of Ruth serves as a timeless reminder of the power of faith, love, and God’s plans. Ruth’s journey from Moab to Bethlehem showcases her resilience and the way her actions aligned with God’s purpose. Through her story, we learn the importance of remaining faithful in the face of adversity and embracing all people with love and acceptance. Ultimately, Ruth’s legacy extends far beyond her own life, leaving an indelible mark on biblical history and serving as an inspiration for generations to come.

Ruth’s Role in the Bible

Ruth’s inclusion in the Bible serves as a testament to God’s love for all people, regardless of their background or ethnicity. Her story, found in the book of Ruth, showcases the divine providence that guided her steps and highlights the profound depths of God’s grace. As a Moabite woman who married into a Hebrew family, Ruth faced numerous challenges, yet her unwavering faith and loyalty to both God and her family made her an influential figure in biblical history.

In the larger biblical narrative, Ruth’s role extends beyond her personal journey. Her story demonstrates God’s love for non-Jewish gentiles and the inclusion of all people in His redemptive plan. Through Ruth’s obedience and dedication, God orchestrated a series of events that ultimately led to the birth of King David, and some Christians interpret her story as a foreshadowing of Jesus Christ’s redemptive work.

Ruth’s character embodies virtues that continue to inspire believers today. Her faithfulness, loyalty, and willingness to step out in obedience serve as timeless lessons for those seeking to walk in God’s ways. Ruth’s journey and purpose highlight the importance of trusting in God’s plan, even when it seems uncertain or challenging.

Ruth’s Influence and Legacy

Ruth’s influence extends far beyond her own story. Her inclusion in the Bible signifies the significance of her character and the impact she had on the lives of those around her. Through her example, we learn the power of unwavering faith, selfless love, and the transformative journey that comes from fully surrendering to God’s will.

“Where you go I will go, and where you stay I will stay. Your people will be my people and your God my God.” – Ruth 1:16

This famous quote from Ruth, spoken to her mother-in-law Naomi, encapsulates the depth of her loyalty and commitment. Despite the challenges she faced, Ruth remained steadfast in her dedication to both her family and her faith. Her story serves as a reminder that no matter our background or circumstances, we can all find a place in God’s love and plan.

As we reflect on Ruth’s role in the Bible , her story encourages us to walk in faith, remain loyal to God and others, and embrace the inclusion of all people in the family of God. Ruth’s journey reminds us of the boundless grace and love that God extends to each one of us.

Ruth and God’s Plan

Ruth’s unwavering faith and loyalty to God led her to become an instrument in fulfilling His divine plan. The book of Ruth illustrates the profound depths of God’s love for non-Jewish gentiles and the ways in which He uses unexpected individuals to accomplish His purposes.

In the story, Ruth, a Moabite woman, marries into a Hebrew family and embraces their faith. Despite facing numerous challenges, Ruth remains steadfast in her commitment to God and her family. Her journey from Moab to Bethlehem, guided by divine providence , serves as a powerful testament to God’s sovereignty and His ability to work through individuals from different backgrounds to bring about His redemptive plan.

Throughout the narrative, Ruth’s actions and choices align with God’s plan in remarkable ways. Her unwavering loyalty to her mother-in-law, Naomi, demonstrates her compassionate character and mirrors God’s love for His people. Ruth’s selflessness and dedication ultimately lead her to marry Boaz, a relative who plays a pivotal role in the lineage of King David and, ultimately, Jesus Christ.

The Significance of Ruth’s Story

By examining Ruth’s journey, we can glean timeless lessons about faithfulness, loyalty, and the inclusion of all people in God’s love. Ruth’s story showcases the power of God’s grace and highlights the importance of obedience and trust in fulfilling His purposes. Through her example, we are reminded that God’s plan encompasses individuals from all backgrounds and that He can use anyone, regardless of their circumstances, to bring about His redemptive work.

As we reflect on Ruth’s unwavering faith and loyalty, may we be inspired to trust in God’s guidance, knowing that He has a purpose for each of our lives. Like Ruth, let us embrace the opportunity to be instruments in fulfilling His divine plan, extending His love and grace to all those we encounter along the way.

Lessons from Ruth

Ruth’s story offers valuable lessons that resonate with people of all generations, teaching us about the power of faith and loyalty. Her unwavering commitment to God and her family exemplify the virtues that we should strive to embody in our own lives.

First and foremost, Ruth teaches us the importance of faithfulness. Despite the challenges she faced as a foreigner in a new land, Ruth remained steadfast in her devotion to God and her commitment to her mother-in-law, Naomi. Her unwavering faith enabled her to overcome adversity and ultimately led to her redemption and blessing.

“Where you go, I will go. Where you stay, I will stay. Your people will be my people and your God my God.” – Ruth 1:16

In addition to faithfulness, Ruth’s story highlights the power of loyalty. She remained faithful to her mother-in-law even after the death of her husband, choosing to accompany Naomi back to Bethlehem instead of returning to her own people. This act of loyalty displayed Ruth’s selflessness and genuine love for her family, serving as an example for us all to prioritize our relationships and care for one another.

Furthermore, Ruth’s story emphasizes the inclusion of all people in God’s love. As a Moabite woman, Ruth was not of Hebrew descent, yet she chose to follow the God of Naomi and became an integral part of the lineage of Jesus Christ. Her inclusion in the biblical narrative serves as a powerful reminder that God’s love knows no bounds and that we are all invited to be a part of His family.

In conclusion , the story of Ruth teaches us valuable lessons about faith, loyalty, and inclusion. Her unwavering commitment to God and her family serves as a timeless example for us all. Let us embrace these lessons and strive to embody the virtues of faithfulness and loyalty in our own lives, knowing that God’s love extends to all people, regardless of our backgrounds or circumstances.

Ruth’s Faith and Loyalty

Ruth’s faith and loyalty serve as a remarkable example for believers, encouraging us to trust in God’s plan even in difficult circumstances. Throughout the biblical story of Ruth, we witness her unwavering commitment to both her God and her family, demonstrating a depth of character that continues to inspire millions of people today.

One of the most powerful aspects of Ruth’s faith is her willingness to leave behind her Moabite heritage and embrace the Hebrew God. Despite the challenges she faced as a foreigner in a new land, Ruth remained steadfast in her devotion, showcasing a deep trust in God’s guidance. Her loyalty to her mother-in-law Naomi is also evident, as she accompanies her back to Bethlehem, even though it meant leaving behind her own family and the familiar comforts of home.

As we reflect on Ruth’s story, we are reminded of the importance of remaining faithful and loyal to God and our loved ones, even when it requires sacrifice and stepping into the unknown. Ruth’s example teaches us that true faith goes beyond mere profession; it requires action and a resolute trust in God’s plan. Her story challenges us to examine our own lives and ask ourselves if we are truly willing to follow God’s lead, even in the face of uncertainty and adversity.

As we strive to live out our faith, let us look to Ruth as an example of courage, conviction, and unwavering loyalty. May her story inspire us to trust in God’s plan for our lives, knowing that He is always at work, orchestrating our steps, and leading us towards His purpose. Let us be faithful and loyal, just as Ruth was, and experience the grace and blessings that flow from a steadfast commitment to God.

Ruth’s Journey and Purpose

Ruth’s journey from Moab to Bethlehem was not only physical but also spiritual, as she discovered her purpose in God’s plan. The book of Ruth tells the captivating story of a Moabite woman who married into a Hebrew family and chose to follow their God. This narrative showcases God’s love for non-Jewish gentiles and illustrates divine providence, as Ruth’s steps are guided to fulfill God’s plans.

Throughout her journey, Ruth exemplifies unwavering faith and loyalty. Despite the challenges she faced, she remained steadfast in her commitment to God and her family. Her actions and choices were orchestrated to align with God’s purpose, highlighting the profound impact an individual can have when they surrender themselves to God’s guidance.

The story of Ruth resonates with Christians as it is often interpreted as a foreshadowing of Jesus Christ’s redemptive work. The name Ruth, which means “grace,” holds significant biblical meaning, reflecting the unmerited favor of God. Through her story, we learn important lessons about faithfulness, loyalty, and the inclusion of all people in God’s love.

Ruth’s journey serves as a powerful reminder that God works through ordinary individuals to accomplish His extraordinary plans. As we follow Ruth’s example of faith, loyalty, and obedience, we too can discover our purpose in God’s grand design.

Character Study of Ruth

Ruth’s character is defined by her humility, selflessness, and deep faith in God, which drove her actions throughout her life. Her story in the Bible showcases these qualities and inspires readers to emulate her virtuous traits.

Ruth’s humility is evident in her willingness to leave her homeland of Moab and accompany her mother-in-law, Naomi, to Bethlehem. Despite being a Moabite, an outsider in the land of Israel, she humbly accepts her new circumstances and embraces a foreign culture and faith. Her selflessness is displayed when she offers to glean in the fields to provide for Naomi and herself, even though she could have chosen an easier path.

Throughout her journey, Ruth’s deep faith in God shines brightly. She trusts in God’s guidance and providence, leading her to the fields of Boaz, where she finds favor and protection. Ruth’s faith is unwavering, as seen in her words to Naomi: “Where you go I will go, and where you stay I will stay. Your people will be my people and your God my God” (Ruth 1:16). This declaration of loyalty and devotion showcases her firm belief in God’s plan for her life.

Ruth’s character study serves as a reminder of the power of humility, selflessness, and faith. Her actions demonstrate the importance of putting others before oneself and trusting in God’s providence. Ruth’s story continues to inspire and teach us valuable lessons about love, loyalty, and inclusion.

The Significance of Ruth

Ruth’s story holds immense significance, as it foreshadows the inclusivity and grace brought about by Jesus Christ’s sacrifice. The book of Ruth, nestled within the Old Testament, provides a powerful glimpse into the divine plan of redemption and the profound love that God has for all people, regardless of their background or nationality.

In a time when the Israelites were bound by strict laws and customs, Ruth, a Moabite woman, enters the scene. Her tale showcases the compassionate heart of God, who extends His grace and favor to those outside the Hebrew community. Through Ruth’s unwavering faithfulness and loyalty, we witness God’s desire to include and bless all who seek Him.

Moreover, Ruth’s story serves as a reminder of the divine providence that orchestrates our lives. From her decision to join her mother-in-law Naomi in Bethlehem to her encounter with Boaz, every step of Ruth’s journey is guided by God’s hand. Even in the face of hardship and uncertainty, her story demonstrates that God can turn even the most unlikely circumstances into opportunities for redemption and blessing.

“And Ruth said, ‘Entreat me not to leave you, or to turn back from following after you; for wherever you go, I will go; and wherever you lodge, I will lodge; your people shall be my people, and your God, my God.'” – Ruth 1:16

Ruth’s unwavering commitment to Naomi and her faith in God’s guidance continue to inspire countless individuals throughout history. Her journey serves as a testament to the transformative power of faith, loyalty, and obedience. Through her story, we are reminded that God’s plans often surpass our understanding, and His grace is extended to all who seek Him.

Ruth’s faith and loyalty

Ruth’s unwavering faith and loyalty are qualities that resonate with believers even today. Despite facing numerous challenges, she remained steadfast in her commitment to God and her family. Ruth’s example inspires us to hold onto our faith, remain loyal to our loved ones, and trust in the providence of God, knowing that He will guide us on our own unique journeys.

As we reflect on the significance of Ruth’s story, let us remember the timeless lessons it imparts and embrace the message of inclusivity, grace, and divine guidance. Ruth’s story not only reveals the depth of God’s love for all people, but it also serves as a reminder that even in the midst of uncertainty, God remains faithful and works all things together for good.

The Biblical Meaning of the Name Ruth

While the exact biblical meaning of the name Ruth is uncertain, it is often linked to notions of friendship and God’s grace. The book of Ruth tells the story of a Moabite woman who married into a Hebrew family and followed their God. Her loyalty, faithfulness, and unwavering commitment to both her family and God’s plan made her a remarkable figure in biblical history.

In the narrative, Ruth’s journey from Moab to Bethlehem highlights God’s love for non-Jewish gentiles and demonstrates divine providence at work. Despite the challenges she faced, Ruth’s steps were guided to fulfill God’s purposes. Her story serves as a powerful reminder that God’s grace extends to all people, regardless of their background or nationality.

Many Christians interpret Ruth’s story as a foreshadowing of Jesus Christ’s redemptive work. Based on this interpretation, Ruth represents the inclusivity of God’s love and the redemptive power of His grace. The name Ruth itself means “grace,” which further emphasizes the connection between her story and God’s abundant love and forgiveness.

Overall, the story of Ruth teaches us important lessons about faithfulness, loyalty, and the inclusion of all people in God’s love. Through her unwavering devotion to her family and God, Ruth showcases the transformative power of faith and the profound impact one person can have on God’s plan. Her story continues to inspire and resonate with readers, reminding us of the depth of God’s grace and His boundless love for all of His creation.

Divine Providence in Ruth’s Story

Ruth’s story beautifully illustrates the concept of divine providence, showcasing how God orchestrates events to fulfill His plans. From the very beginning, we see God’s hand guiding Ruth’s steps and shaping her destiny. Despite facing immense challenges, Ruth’s unwavering faith and loyalty to God and her family were rewarded as she found favor in the sight of Boaz, a wealthy and influential man in Bethlehem.

In the book of Ruth, we witness God’s providential care over Ruth and her mother-in-law Naomi. Through a series of seemingly coincidental events, Ruth finds herself gleaning in Boaz’s field, which ultimately leads to her marrying him and becoming a part of the ancestral line of King David and, ultimately, Jesus Christ. This remarkable chain of events serves as a testament to God’s sovereign plan and his ability to work all things together for the good of those who love Him.

Throughout the story, we encounter divine interventions that shape Ruth’s journey. From the guidance she receives from Naomi to the recognition she gains from Boaz, every step of the way is orchestrated by God. As Ruth displays unwavering faithfulness and obedience, God rewards her by weaving her story into the grand tapestry of His redemptive work.

In summary, Ruth’s story is a testament to God’s divine providence. It teaches us that even in the midst of difficult circumstances, God is at work, directing our paths and fulfilling His plans. Ruth’s faith and loyalty serve as an example for us today, reminding us of the importance of trusting in God’s guidance and remaining steadfast in our commitment to Him.

Table: Divine Interventions in Ruth’s Story

The story of Ruth serves as a testament to the power of faith, loyalty, and God’s inclusive love, offering us valuable insights for our own lives. Throughout her journey from Moab to Bethlehem, Ruth displayed unwavering devotion to God and her family, even in the face of adversity. Her story showcases God’s love for non-Jewish gentiles and underscores the divine providence that guided her steps.

Many Christians interpret Ruth’s story as a foreshadowing of Jesus Christ’s redemptive work, as her actions and choices were orchestrated to fulfill God’s greater plan. The name Ruth itself carries deep meaning, often associated with words like “friend” or “companion,” reflecting the grace that Ruth exemplified in her character.

As we explore the biblical account of Ruth, we are reminded of the timeless lessons she imparts. Her faithfulness, loyalty, and inclusion of all people in God’s love serve as profound examples for us today. Through her story, we learn about the transformative power of obedience and the purpose that can be fulfilled through dedication and trust in God’s guidance.

In conclusion , the story of Ruth reminds us of the significance of every individual in the larger biblical narrative and in our own lives. It teaches us to embrace faith, loyalty, and God’s inclusive love, as we navigate the challenges and uncertainties of life. Ruth’s journey exemplifies the beauty of God’s grace and the impact one person can have when they choose to follow Him wholeheartedly.

What is the biblical meaning of the name Ruth?

The biblical meaning of the name Ruth is uncertain, but it is often associated with the words “friend” or “companion.”

What is the story of Ruth?

The story of Ruth tells the tale of a Moabite woman who married into a Hebrew family and followed their God.

What is Ruth’s role in the Bible?

Ruth plays an important role in the Bible, showcasing God’s love for non-Jewish gentiles and the divine providence that guided her steps.

How does Ruth’s journey align with God’s plan?

Ruth’s journey aligns with God’s plan as her actions and choices were orchestrated to fulfill His purposes.

What are the lessons we can learn from Ruth?

Ruth’s story teaches us the importance of faithfulness, loyalty, and the inclusion of all people in God’s love.

What was Ruth’s faith and loyalty like?

Ruth exhibited unwavering faith and loyalty, demonstrating her steadfast commitment to God and her family.

What was the purpose of Ruth’s journey?

Ruth’s journey had a transformative purpose, which she fulfilled through her obedience and dedication.

What qualities and virtues did Ruth possess?

Ruth had many qualities and virtues that made her an influential figure in biblical history.

What is the significance of Ruth’s story?

Ruth’s story holds significance within the larger biblical narrative, particularly in relation to Jesus Christ’s redemptive work.

The name Ruth is associated with the meaning of “grace” and carries spiritual significance.

How does divine providence play a role in Ruth’s story?

Ruth’s narrative showcases the theme of divine providence, highlighting the ways in which God guides and directs her steps.

Can you wrap up the article for me?

The article explores the profound depths of the biblical meaning of Ruth , delving into her story, significance, and the timeless lessons she offers us. Ruth’s journey demonstrates the importance of faithfulness, loyalty, and the inclusion of all people in God’s love. It showcases divine providence and is seen by some Christians as a foreshadowing of Jesus Christ’s redemptive work. Ultimately, the name Ruth itself means “grace,” encapsulating the grace and love of God in her story.

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Why Ruth decided to go in Bethlehem with her mother-in-law, Naomi.

A Tapestry of Loyalty, Redemption, and Grace: Unveiling the Story of Ruth and Naomi

The Book of Ruth, a captivating narrative nestled within the Hebrew Bible, transcends the boundaries of time and culture. It’s a story brimming with themes of loyalty, resilience, and God’s redemptive grace, offering a glimpse into the lives of two remarkable women – Naomi and Ruth.

A Journey Forged in Loss: From Bethlehem to Moab

The story opens in Bethlehem, Judah, during a time of famine. Elimelech, Naomi’s husband, decides to relocate his family to Moab in search of sustenance. Accompanied by their sons, Mahlon and Chilion, they embark on a journey fraught with uncertainty. Tragedy strikes when both sons marry Moabite women – Ruth and Orpah – but their happiness is short-lived. Mahlon and Chilion die, leaving Naomi and her daughters-in-law widowed and alone in a foreign land.

A Choice Rooted in Love: Ruth’s Unwavering Commitment

Facing hardship, Naomi decides to return to her homeland, Bethlehem. She urges Orpah and Ruth to remain in Moab and find new husbands. Orpah tearfully accepts her fate, but Ruth’s response exemplifies unwavering loyalty and love. The iconic verse, Ruth 1:16-17, captures her unwavering devotion:

“But Ruth said, ‘Do not urge me to leave you or to return from following you. For where you go I will go, and where you lodge I will lodge. Your people shall be my people, and your God my God. Where you die I will die, and there be buried. May the Lord do so to me and more also if anything but death separates me from you.'”

Touched by Ruth’s unwavering commitment, Naomi agrees to continue their journey together.

A Season of Hope and Gleaning: Ruth’s Diligence in a Foreign Land

Upon arrival in Bethlehem, Naomi and Ruth face a new set of challenges. As foreigners and widows, they struggle to make ends meet. Driven by her love for Naomi and resourcefulness, Ruth takes the initiative to glean – collecting leftover grains from the fields after harvest. This laborious task was a practice that allowed the poor to gather sustenance.

A Divine Connection: Ruth and Boaz

Ruth’s diligence and kindness catch the eye of Boaz, a wealthy landowner and relative of Naomi’s deceased husband. Boaz instructs his workers to leave extra grain for Ruth, demonstrating compassion and respect. He inquires about her story upon learning she is a Moabitess, and Naomi, recognizing Boaz as a potential kinsman redeemer, hatches a plan.

Following Tradition: The Redemption of Ruth

According to ancient Israelite law, a kinsman redeemer had the responsibility to marry a widowed woman and provide for her. Naomi advises Ruth to approach Boaz at the threshing floor after a celebratory feast. Following Naomi’s instructions, Ruth discreetly positions herself at Boaz’s feet, a symbolic gesture signifying her appeal for redemption.

Boaz, impressed by Ruth’s character and loyalty, acknowledges his responsibility as a kinsman redeemer. However, there’s another closer relative who has the first right to redeem Ruth. Boaz assures Ruth he will pursue the matter after the harvest.

A Joyful Resolution: Marriage and Redemption

Boaz discreetly addresses the issue with the closer relative, who relinquishes his right of redemption. Boaz then takes Ruth as his wife, fulfilling his role as a kinsman redeemer. Their union is blessed with a son, Obed, who becomes an ancestor of King David and ultimately, Jesus Christ.

Beyond the Narrative: Enduring Lessons from Ruth and Naomi

The story of Ruth and Naomi offers a wealth of timeless lessons:

• Unwavering Loyalty and Love:  Ruth’s unwavering loyalty towards Naomi exemplifies the power of love and commitment in the face of hardship.
• Resilience and Resourcefulness:  Despite facing adversity, both Naomi and Ruth demonstrate resilience and resourcefulness in overcoming challenges.
• Compassion and Justice:  Boaz’s actions embody compassion and a commitment to upholding the principles of justice within the community.
• God’s Redemptive Grace:  The story underscores God’s unseen hand working behind the scenes, weaving a tapestry of redemption through seemingly ordinary events.
• Acceptance and Inclusion:  The inclusion of a Moabite woman, Ruth, within the lineage of the Messiah highlights God’s universal love and grace that transcends ethnic and cultural boundaries.

A Legacy of Faith and Hope

The Book of Ruth, with its captivating narrative and profound themes, continues to resonate with readers across generations. It offers a testament to the enduring power of faith, hope, and God’s unwavering love, reminding us that even in the midst of hardship, redemption and joy can be found.

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From Moab to Bethlehem: The Story of Ruth

by Sean the Baptist | May 23, 2023 | Notable Figures | 0 comments

Ruth was a young woman from the land of Moab, who had lost everything. Her husband had died, and she was left alone with her mother-in-law, Naomi, in a foreign land. Naomi was also grieving, having lost her husband and two sons. She decided to return to her homeland, Bethlehem, and Ruth decided to go with her.

The journey was long and difficult, but Ruth was determined to stay by Naomi’s side. When they arrived in Bethlehem, Ruth began to work hard to provide for them both. She went to the fields to glean, picking up the leftover grain from the harvesters. It was hard work, but Ruth was grateful for the opportunity to provide for herself and Naomi.

One day, while she was gleaning in the fields, Ruth caught the eye of a man named Boaz. Boaz was a wealthy landowner, and he was impressed by Ruth’s hard work and her loyalty to Naomi. He spoke to her kindly and offered her extra grain to take home.

Over time, Boaz and Ruth grew closer. Boaz was impressed by Ruth’s faith and her courage in the face of adversity. He saw in her the qualities of a true leader, and he knew that she was destined for greatness.

Eventually, Boaz and Ruth were married, and they had a son named Obed. Obed would go on to become the father of Jesse, who would become the father of King David.

Ruth’s story is a testament to the power of love and faith. She was a woman who had lost everything, but she never lost her faith in God. She worked hard and stayed true to her values, and she was rewarded with a loving husband and a place in history. Her story reminds us that no matter how difficult our circumstances may be, we can always find hope and strength in our faith.

Biblical Reference

Ruth 1:1-22: This chapter introduces us to Naomi, her husband Elimelech, and their two sons Mahlon and Chilion. When they move from Bethlehem to Moab due to a famine in the land, both sons marry Moabite women named Orpah and Ruth. Tragically, all three men die within ten years.

Ruth 2:1-23: In this chapter, we see how Ruth goes out into the fields to glean grain for herself and Naomi. She ends up working in Boaz’s field; he is a relative of Naomi’s late husband.

Ruth 3:1-18: At Naomi’s urging, Ruth goes to Boaz at night on the threshing floor (a place where grain was separated from its husks) and asks him to marry her according to ancient custom. Boaz agrees but must first check with another relative who has closer ties to Naomi before he can officially become her kinsman-redeemer.

Ruth 4:1-22: In this final chapter, Boaz successfully redeems both Naomi’s property (which had been sold during hard times) as well as marrying Ruth thus becoming an ancestor of Jesus Christ.

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Ruth 1:6-22 New International Version

Naomi and ruth return to bethlehem.

6  When Naomi heard in Moab ( A ) that the Lord had come to the aid of his people ( B ) by providing food ( C ) for them, she and her daughters-in-law ( D ) prepared to return home from there. 7  With her two daughters-in-law she left the place where she had been living and set out on the road that would take them back to the land of Judah.

8  Then Naomi said to her two daughters-in-law, “Go back, each of you, to your mother’s home. ( E ) May the Lord show you kindness, ( F ) as you have shown kindness to your dead husbands ( G ) and to me. 9  May the Lord grant that each of you will find rest ( H ) in the home of another husband.”

Then she kissed ( I ) them goodbye and they wept aloud ( J ) 10  and said to her, “We will go back with you to your people.”

11  But Naomi said, “Return home, my daughters. Why would you come with me? Am I going to have any more sons, who could become your husbands? ( K ) 12  Return home, my daughters; I am too old to have another husband. Even if I thought there was still hope for me—even if I had a husband tonight and then gave birth to sons— 13  would you wait until they grew up? ( L ) Would you remain unmarried for them? No, my daughters. It is more bitter ( M ) for me than for you, because the Lord ’s hand has turned against me! ( N ) ”

14  At this they wept ( O ) aloud again. Then Orpah kissed her mother-in-law ( P ) goodbye, ( Q ) but Ruth clung to her. ( R )

15  “Look,” said Naomi, “your sister-in-law ( S ) is going back to her people and her gods. ( T ) Go back with her.”

16  But Ruth replied, “Don’t urge me to leave you ( U ) or to turn back from you. Where you go I will go, ( V ) and where you stay I will stay. Your people will be my people ( W ) and your God my God. ( X ) 17  Where you die I will die, and there I will be buried. May the Lord deal with me, be it ever so severely, ( Y ) if even death separates you and me.” ( Z ) 18  When Naomi realized that Ruth was determined to go with her, she stopped urging her. ( AA )

19  So the two women went on until they came to Bethlehem. ( AB ) When they arrived in Bethlehem, the whole town was stirred ( AC ) because of them, and the women exclaimed, “Can this be Naomi?”

20  “Don’t call me Naomi, [ a ] ” she told them. “Call me Mara, [ b ] because the Almighty [ c ] ( AD ) has made my life very bitter. ( AE ) 21  I went away full, but the Lord has brought me back empty. ( AF ) Why call me Naomi? The Lord has afflicted [ d ] me; ( AG ) the Almighty has brought misfortune upon me.”

22  So Naomi returned from Moab accompanied by Ruth the Moabite, ( AH ) her daughter-in-law, ( AI ) arriving in Bethlehem as the barley harvest ( AJ ) was beginning. ( AK )

• Ruth 1:20 Naomi means pleasant.
• Ruth 1:20 Mara means bitter.
• Ruth 1:20 Hebrew Shaddai ; also in verse 21
• Ruth 1:21 Or has testified against

Cross references

• Ruth 1:6 : S Ge 36:35
• Ruth 1:6 : S Ge 50:24; Ex 4:31; Jer 29:10; Zep 2:7
• Ruth 1:6 : Ps 132:15; Mt 6:11
• Ruth 1:6 : S Ge 11:31; S 38:16
• Ruth 1:8 : Ge 38:11
• Ruth 1:8 : S Ge 19:19; 2Ti 1:16
• Ruth 1:8 : S ver 5
• Ruth 1:9 : Ru 3:1
• Ruth 1:9 : S Ge 27:27; S 29:11
• Ruth 1:9 : S Ge 27:38; S Nu 25:6
• Ruth 1:11 : Ge 38:11; Dt 25:5
• Ruth 1:13 : Ge 38:11
• Ruth 1:13 : ver 20; Ex 1:14; 15:23; 1Sa 30:6
• Ruth 1:13 : S Jdg 2:15; S Job 4:5
• Ruth 1:14 : ver 9
• Ruth 1:14 : Ru 2:11; 3:1; Mic 7:6
• Ruth 1:14 : S Ge 31:28
• Ruth 1:14 : S Dt 10:20
• Ruth 1:15 : Dt 25:7
• Ruth 1:15 : S Jos 24:14
• Ruth 1:16 : 2Ki 2:2
• Ruth 1:16 : Ge 24:58
• Ruth 1:16 : Ps 45:10
• Ruth 1:16 : S Jos 24:15
• Ruth 1:17 : 1Sa 3:17; 14:44; 20:13; 25:22; 2Sa 3:9, 35; 2Sa 19:13; 1Ki 2:23; 19:2; 20:10; 2Ki 6:31
• Ruth 1:17 : 2Sa 15:21
• Ruth 1:18 : Ac 21:14
• Ruth 1:19 : S Jdg 17:7
• Ruth 1:19 : Mt 21:10
• Ruth 1:20 : S Ge 15:1; S 17:1; Ps 91:1
• Ruth 1:20 : S ver 13
• Ruth 1:21 : Job 1:21
• Ruth 1:21 : Job 30:11; Ps 88:7; Isa 53:4
• Ruth 1:22 : Ru 2:2, 6, 21; 4:5, 10
• Ruth 1:22 : S Ge 11:31
• Ruth 1:22 : S Ex 9:31; S Lev 19:9
• Ruth 1:22 : 2Sa 21:9

Ruth 1:6-22 King James Version

6  Then she arose with her daughters in law, that she might return from the country of Moab: for she had heard in the country of Moab how that the Lord had visited his people in giving them bread.

7  Wherefore she went forth out of the place where she was, and her two daughters in law with her; and they went on the way to return unto the land of Judah.

8  And Naomi said unto her two daughters in law, Go, return each to her mother's house: the Lord deal kindly with you, as ye have dealt with the dead, and with me.

9  The Lord grant you that ye may find rest, each of you in the house of her husband. Then she kissed them; and they lifted up their voice, and wept.

10  And they said unto her, Surely we will return with thee unto thy people.

11  And Naomi said, Turn again, my daughters: why will ye go with me? are there yet any more sons in my womb, that they may be your husbands?

12  Turn again, my daughters, go your way; for I am too old to have an husband. If I should say, I have hope, if I should have an husband also to night, and should also bear sons;

13  Would ye tarry for them till they were grown? would ye stay for them from having husbands? nay, my daughters; for it grieveth me much for your sakes that the hand of the Lord is gone out against me.

14  And they lifted up their voice, and wept again: and Orpah kissed her mother in law; but Ruth clave unto her.

15  And she said, Behold, thy sister in law is gone back unto her people, and unto her gods: return thou after thy sister in law.

16  And Ruth said, Intreat me not to leave thee, or to return from following after thee: for whither thou goest, I will go; and where thou lodgest, I will lodge: thy people shall be my people, and thy God my God:

17  Where thou diest, will I die, and there will I be buried: the Lord do so to me, and more also, if ought but death part thee and me.

18  When she saw that she was stedfastly minded to go with her, then she left speaking unto her.

19  So they two went until they came to Bethlehem. And it came to pass, when they were come to Bethlehem, that all the city was moved about them, and they said, Is this Naomi?

20  And she said unto them, Call me not Naomi, call me Mara: for the Almighty hath dealt very bitterly with me.

21  I went out full and the Lord hath brought me home again empty: why then call ye me Naomi, seeing the Lord hath testified against me, and the Almighty hath afflicted me?

22  So Naomi returned, and Ruth the Moabitess, her daughter in law, with her, which returned out of the country of Moab: and they came to Bethlehem in the beginning of barley harvest.

Holy Bible, New International Version®, NIV® Copyright ©1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc.® Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide.

NIV Reverse Interlinear Bible: English to Hebrew and English to Greek. Copyright © 2019 by Zondervan.

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