voyage jacques cartier

• History Classics
• Your Profile
• Find History on Facebook (Opens in a new window)
• Find History on Twitter (Opens in a new window)
• Find History on YouTube (Opens in a new window)
• Find History on Instagram (Opens in a new window)
• Find History on TikTok (Opens in a new window)
• This Day In History
• History Podcasts
• History Vault

Jacques Cartier

By: History.com Editors

Updated: June 6, 2023 | Original: November 9, 2009

In 1534, France’s King Francis I authorized the navigator Jacques Cartier to lead a voyage to the New World in order to seek gold and other riches, as well as a new route to Asia. Cartier’s three expeditions along the St. Lawrence River would later enable France to lay claim to the lands that would become modern-day Canada. He gained a reputation as a skilled navigator prior to making his three famous voyages to North America.

Jacques Cartier’s First North American Voyage

Born December 31, 1491, in Saint-Malo, France, Cartier began sailing as a young man. He was believed to have traveled to Brazil and Newfoundland—possibly accompanying explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano —before 1534.

That year, the government of King Francis I of France commissioned Cartier to lead an expedition to the “northern lands,” as the east coast of North America was then known. The purpose of the voyage was to find a northwest passage to Asia, as well as to collect riches such as gold and spices along the way.

Did you know? In addition to his exploration of the St. Lawrence region, Jacques Cartier is credited with giving Canada its name. He reportedly misused the Iroquois word kanata (meaning village or settlement) to refer to the entire region around what is now Quebec City; it was later extended to the entire country.

Cartier set sail in April 1534 with two ships and 61 men, and arrived 20 days later. During that first expedition, he explored the western coast of Newfoundland and the Gulf of St. Lawrence as far as today’s Anticosti Island, which Cartier called Assomption. He is also credited with the discovery of what is now known as Prince Edward Island.

Cartier’s Second Voyage

Cartier returned to make his report of the expedition to King Francis, bringing with him two captured Native Americans from the Gaspé Peninsula. The king sent Cartier back across the Atlantic the following year with three ships and 110 men. With the two captives acting as guides, the explorers headed up the St. Lawrence River as far as Quebec, where they established a base camp.

The following winter wrought havoc on the expedition, with 25 of Cartier’s men dying of scurvy and the entire group incurring the anger of the initially friendly Iroquois population. In the spring, the explorers seized several Iroquois chiefs and traveled back to France.

Though he had not been able to explore it himself, Cartier told the king of the Iroquois’ accounts of another great river stretching west, leading to untapped riches and possibly to Asia.

Cartier’s Third and Final Voyage

War in Europe stalled plans for another expedition, which finally went forward in 1541. This time, King Francis charged the nobleman Jean-François de La Rocque de Roberval with founding a permanent colony in the northern lands. Cartier sailed a few months ahead of Roberval, and arrived in Quebec in August 1541.

After enduring another harsh winter, Cartier decided not to wait for the colonists to arrive, but sailed for France with a quantity of what he thought were gold and diamonds, which had been found near the Quebec camp.

Along the way, Cartier stopped in Newfoundland and encountered Roberval, who ordered Cartier to return with him to Quebec. Rather than obey this command, Cartier sailed away under cover of night. When he arrived back in France, however, the minerals he brought were found to have no value.

Cartier received no more royal commissions, and would remain at his estate in Saint-Malo, Brittany, for the rest of his life. He died there on September 1, 1557. Meanwhile, Roberval’s colonists abandoned the idea of a permanent settlement after barely a year, and it would be more than 50 years before France again showed interest in its North American claims.

Jacques Cartier. The Mariner’s Museum and Park . The Explorers: Jacques Cartier 1534-1542. Canadian Museum of History .

Sign up for Inside History

Get HISTORY’s most fascinating stories delivered to your inbox three times a week.

By submitting your information, you agree to receive emails from HISTORY and A+E Networks. You can opt out at any time. You must be 16 years or older and a resident of the United States.

More details : Privacy Notice | Terms of Use | Contact Us

Jacques Cartier

French explorer Jacques Cartier is known chiefly for exploring the St. Lawrence River and giving Canada its name.

(1491-1557)

Who Was Jacques Cartier?

French navigator Jacques Cartier was sent by King Francis I to the New World in search of riches and a new route to Asia in 1534. His exploration of the St. Lawrence River allowed France to lay claim to lands that would become Canada. He died in Saint-Malo in 1557.

Early Life and First Major Voyage to North America

Born in Saint-Malo, France on December 31, 1491, Cartier reportedly explored the Americas, particularly Brazil, before making three major North American voyages. In 1534, King Francis I of France sent Cartier — likely because of his previous expeditions — on a new trip to the eastern coast of North America, then called the "northern lands." On a voyage that would add him to the list of famous explorers, Cartier was to search for gold and other riches, spices, and a passage to Asia.

Cartier sailed on April 20, 1534, with two ships and 61 men, and arrived 20 days later. He explored the west coast of Newfoundland, discovered Prince Edward Island and sailed through the Gulf of St. Lawrence, past Anticosti Island.

Second Voyage

Upon returning to France, King Francis was impressed with Cartier’s report of what he had seen, so he sent the explorer back the following year, in May, with three ships and 110 men. Two Indigenous peoples Cartier had captured previously now served as guides, and he and his men navigated the St. Lawrence, as far as Quebec, and established a base.

In September, Cartier sailed to what would become Montreal and was welcomed by the Iroquois who controlled the area, hearing from them that there were other rivers that led farther west, where gold, silver, copper and spices could be found. Before they could continue, though, the harsh winter blew in, rapids made the river impassable, and Cartier and his men managed to anger the Iroquois.

So Cartier waited until spring when the river was free of ice and captured some of the Iroquois chiefs before again returning to France. Because of his hasty escape, Cartier was only able to report to the king that untold riches lay farther west and that a great river, said to be about 2,000 miles long, possibly led to Asia.

Third Voyage

In May 1541, Cartier departed on his third voyage with five ships. He had by now abandoned the idea of finding a passage to the Orient and was sent to establish a permanent settlement along the St. Lawrence River on behalf of France. A group of colonists was a few months behind him this time.

Cartier set up camp again near Quebec, and they found an abundance of what they thought were gold and diamonds. In the spring, not waiting for the colonists to arrive, Cartier abandoned the base and sailed for France. En route, he stopped at Newfoundland, where he encountered the colonists, whose leader ordered Cartier back to Quebec. Cartier, however, had other plans; instead of heading to Quebec, he sneaked away during the night and returned to France.

There, his "gold" and "diamonds" were found to be worthless, and the colonists abandoned plans to found a settlement, returning to France after experiencing their first bitter winter. After these setbacks, France didn’t show any interest in these new lands for half a century, and Cartier’s career as a state-funded explorer came to an end. While credited with the exploration of the St. Lawrence region, Cartier's reputation has been tarnished by his dealings with the Iroquois and abandonment of the incoming colonists as he fled the New World.

Cartier died on September 1, 1557, in Saint-Malo, France.

QUICK FACTS

• Name: Jacques Cartier
• Birth Year: 1491
• Birth date: December 31, 1491
• Birth City: Saint-Malo, Brittany
• Birth Country: France
• Gender: Male
• Best Known For: French explorer Jacques Cartier is known chiefly for exploring the St. Lawrence River and giving Canada its name.
• Astrological Sign: Capricorn
• Nacionalities
• Death Year: 1557
• Death date: September 1, 1557
• Death City: Saint-Malo, Brittany
• Death Country: France
• If the soil were as good as the harbors, it would be a blessing.
• [T]he land should not be called the New Land, being composed of stones and horrible rugged rocks; for along the whole of the north shore I did not see one cartload of earth and yet I landed in many places.
• Out of 110 that we were, not 10 were well enough to help the others, a thing pitiful to see.
• Today was our first day at sea. The weather was good, no clouds at the horizon and we are praying for a smooth sail.
• We set sail again trying to discover more wonders of this new world.
• Today I did something great for my country. We have taken over the land. Long live the King of France!
• I'm anxious to see what lies ahead. Every day we are getting deeper and deeper inside the continent, which increases my curiosity.
• Today I have completed my second voyage, which I can say had thought me a lot about how different things are in this world and how people start building up communities according to their common beliefs.
• The world is big and still hiding a lot.
• There arose such stormy and raging winds against us that we were constrained to come to the place again from whence we were come.
• I am inclined to believe that this is the land God gave to Cain.

European Explorers

Christopher Columbus

10 Famous Explorers Who Connected the World

Sir Walter Raleigh

Ferdinand Magellan

Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo

Leif Eriksson

Vasco da Gama

Bartolomeu Dias

Giovanni da Verrazzano

Jacques Marquette

René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle

Search The Canadian Encyclopedia

Enter your search term

Why sign up?

Signing up enhances your TCE experience with the ability to save items to your personal reading list, and access the interactive map.

• MLA 8TH EDITION
• Allaire, Bernard. "Jacques Cartier". The Canadian Encyclopedia , 09 July 2020, Historica Canada . www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/jacques-cartier. Accessed 03 May 2024.
• The Canadian Encyclopedia , 09 July 2020, Historica Canada . www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/jacques-cartier. Accessed 03 May 2024." href="#" class="js-copy-clipboard b b-md b-invert b-modal-copy">Copy
• APA 6TH EDITION
• Allaire, B. (2020). Jacques Cartier. In The Canadian Encyclopedia . Retrieved from https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/jacques-cartier
• The Canadian Encyclopedia . Retrieved from https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/jacques-cartier" href="#" class="js-copy-clipboard b b-md b-invert b-modal-copy">Copy
• CHICAGO 17TH EDITION
• Allaire, Bernard. "Jacques Cartier." The Canadian Encyclopedia . Historica Canada. Article published August 29, 2013; Last Edited July 09, 2020.
• The Canadian Encyclopedia . Historica Canada. Article published August 29, 2013; Last Edited July 09, 2020." href="#" class="js-copy-clipboard b b-md b-invert b-modal-copy">Copy
• TURABIAN 8TH EDITION
• The Canadian Encyclopedia , s.v. "Jacques Cartier," by Bernard Allaire, Accessed May 03, 2024, https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/jacques-cartier
• The Canadian Encyclopedia , s.v. "Jacques Cartier," by Bernard Allaire, Accessed May 03, 2024, https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/jacques-cartier" href="#" class="js-copy-clipboard b b-md b-invert b-modal-copy">Copy

Thank you for your submission

Our team will be reviewing your submission and get back to you with any further questions.

Thanks for contributing to The Canadian Encyclopedia.

Jacques Cartier

Article by Bernard Allaire

Published Online August 29, 2013

Last Edited July 9, 2020

Jacques Cartier, navigator (born between 7 June and 23 December 1491 in Saint-Malo, France; died 1 September 1557 in Saint-Malo, France). From 1534 to 1542, Cartier led three maritime expeditions to the interior of the  Gulf of the St. Lawrence River . During these expeditions, he explored, but more importantly accurately mapped for the first time the interior of the river, from the Gulf to  Montreal  ( see also  History of Cartography in Canada ). For this navigational prowess, Cartier is still considered by many as the founder of “Canada.” At the time, however, this term described only the region immediately surrounding  Quebec . Cartier’s upstream navigation of the  St. Lawrence River  in the 16th century ultimately led to France occupying this part of North America.

Voyages to the Americas

Jacques Cartier’s early life is very poorly documented. He was likely employed in business and navigation from a young age. Like his countrymen, Cartier probably sailed along the coast of France, Newfoundland and South America (Brazil), first as a sailor and then as an officer. Following the annexation of Brittany to the kingdom of France, King François 1 chose Cartier to replace the explorer Giovanni da Verrazano . Verrazano had died on his last voyage.

First Voyage (1534)

Jacques Cartier’s orders for his first expedition were to search for a passage to the Pacific Ocean in the area around Newfoundland and possibly find precious metals. He left Saint-Malo on 20 April 1534 with two ships and 61 men. They reached the coast of Newfoundland 20 days later. During his journey, Cartier passed several sites known to European fishers. He renamed these places or noted them on his maps. After skirting the north shore of  Newfoundland , Cartier and his ships entered the Gulf of St. Lawrence by the Strait of Belle Isle and travelled south, hugging the coast of the Magdalen Islands on 26 June. Three days later, they reached what are now the provinces of  Prince Edward Island  and  New Brunswick . He then navigated towards the west, crossing Chaleur Bay and reaching Gaspé , where he encountered Iroquoian lndigenous people from the region of Quebec . They had come to the area for their annual seal hunt. After planting a cross and engaging in some trading and negotiations, Cartier’s ships left on 25 July. Before leaving, Cartier abducted two of Iroquoian chief  Donnacona’s sons. They returned to France by following the coast of Anticosti Island and re-crossing the Strait of Belle Isle.

Second Voyage (1535-6)

The expedition of 1535 was more important than the first expedition. It included 110 people and three medium-sized ships. The ships were called the  Grande Hermine  (the Great Stoat), the  Petite Hermine  (the Lesser Stoat) and the  Émérillon  (the Merlin). The Émérillon  had been adapted for river navigation. They left Brittany in mid-May 1535 and reached Newfoundland after a long, 50-day crossing. Following the itinerary from the previous year, they entered the Gulf , then travelled the “Canada River” (later named the  St. Lawrence River ) upstream. One of chief Donnacona’s sons guided them to the village of  Stadacona  on the site of what is now the city of  Quebec . Given the extent of their planned explorations, the French decided to spend the winter there and settled at the mouth of the St. Charles River. Against the advice of chief Donnacona, Jacques Cartier decided to continue sailing up the river towards Hochelaga , now the city of Montreal . Cartier reached Hochelaga on 2 October 1535. There he met other Iroquoian people, who tantalized Cartier with the prospect of a sea in the middle of the country. By the time Cartier returned to Stadacona (Quebec), relations with the Indigenous people there had deteriorated. Nevertheless, they helped the poorly organized French to survive scurvy thanks to a remedy made from evergreen trees ( see also  Indigenous Peoples’ Medicine in Canada ). When spring came, the French decided to return to Europe. This time, Cartier abducted chief Donnacona himself, the two sons, and seven other Iroquoian people. The French never returned Donnacona and his people to North America. ( See also  Enslavement of Indigenous People in Canada. )

Third Voyage (1541-2)

The war in Europe led to a delay in returning to Canada. In addition, the plans for the voyage were changed. This expedition was to include close to 800 people and involve a major attempt to colonize the region. The explorations were left to Jacques Cartier, but the logistics and colonial management of the expedition were entrusted to  Jean-François de La Rocque , sieur de Roberval. Roberval was a senior military officer who was responsible for recruitment, loading weapons onto the ships, and bringing on craftsmen and a number of prisoners. Just as the expedition was to begin, delays in the preparations and the vagaries of the war with Spain meant that only half the personnel (led by Cartier) were sent to Canada in May 1541 by Roberval. Roberval eventually came the following year. Cartier and his men settled the new colony several kilometres upstream from Quebec at the confluence of the Cap Rouge and St. Lawrence rivers. While the colonists and craftsmen built the forts, Cartier decided to sail toward  Hochelaga . When he returned, a bloody battle had broken out with the Iroquoian people at Stadacona .

Return to France

In a state of relative siege during the winter, and not expecting the arrival of Jean-François de La Rocque , sieur de Roberval until spring, Jacques Cartier decided to abandon the colony at the end of May. He had filled a dozen barrels with what he believed were precious stones and metal. At a stop in  St. John’s , Newfoundland, however, Cartier met Roberval’s fleet and was given the order to return to Cap Rouge. Refusing to obey, Cartier sailed toward France under the cover of darkness. The stones and metal that he brought back turned out to be worthless and Cartier was never reimbursed by the king for the money he had borrowed from the Breton merchants. After this misadventure, he returned to business. Cartier died about 15 years later at his estate at Limoilou near Saint-Malo. He kept his reputation as the first European to have explored and mapped this part of the Americas, which later became the French axis of power in North America.

• St Lawrence

Further Reading

Marcel Trudel, The Beginnings of New France, 1524-1663 (1973).

External Links

Watch the Heritage Minute about French explorer Jacques Cartier from Historica Canada. See also related online learning resources.

Exploring the Explorers: Jacques Cartier Teacher guide for multidisciplinary student investigations into the life of explorer Jacques Cartier and his role in Canadian history. From the Dictionary of Canadian Biography.

Recommended

Indigenous languages in canada, enslavement of indigenous people in canada, indigenous perspectives education guide.

• Skip to primary navigation
• Skip to main content
• Skip to primary sidebar

• Native Americans
• Age of Exploration
• Revolutionary War
• Mexican-American War
• War of 1812
• World War 1
• World War 2
• Family Trees
• Explorers and Pirates

Jacques Cartier Facts, Biography, Accomplishments, Voyages

Published: Jun 4, 2012 · Modified: Nov 11, 2023 by Russell Yost · This post may contain affiliate links ·

Jacques Cartier  (December 31, 1491 – September 1, 1557) was the first French Explorer to explore the New World. He explored what is now Canada and set the stage for the great explorer and navigator Samuel de Champlain to begin colonization of Canada.

Cartier was the first European to discover and create a map of the St. Lawrence River. The St. Lawrence River would play an important role in the New World during the French and Indian War, the American Revolutionary War, the War of 1812, and the colonization of America.

Early Life of Jacques Cartier

First voyage, 1534, second voyage, 1535–1536, third voyage, 1541–1542, later life and death.

• Cartier was born in 1491 in Saint-Malo. During his early childhood, he would hear stories of the great Christopher Columbus, Vasco da Gama, and the exploits of the Spanish Conquistadors .
• His homeland, France, was relatively inactive in the exploits of the New World. Instead, it was embroiled in the European wars with the Holy Roman Empire, England, and Spain. Cartier grew and began to study navigation and, over time, became an excellent mariner.
• In a feudal society, talents were often overlooked and superseded by political standing. Cartier did not get the attention he deserved until he married Mary Catherine, who was a daughter in a wealthy and politically influential family.

• In 1534, Jacques Cartier was brought to the court of King Francis I. King Francis I ruled France during the reign of Charles V in the Holy Roman Empire and Henry VIII of England.
• He was a talented Monarch and ambitious for great treasure. 10 years prior to Cartier, he had asked Giovanni da Verrazzano to explore the eastern coast of North America but had not formally commissioned him.
• Cartier set sail with a commission from King Francis I in 1534 with hopes of finding a pathway through the New World and into Asia.
• Jacques Cartier sailed across the ocean, landed around Newfoundland, and began exploring the area around the Gulf of the St. Lawrence River. While exploring, he came across two Indian tribes, the Mi'kmaq and the Iroquois. Initially, relations with the Iroquois were positive as he began to establish trade with them. However, Cartier then planted a large cross and claimed the land for the King of France.
• The Iroquois understood the implications and began to change their mood. In response, Cartier kidnapped two of the captain's sons. The Iroquois captain and Cartier agreed that the sons could be taken as long as they were returned with European goods to trade. Cartier then returned to his ships and began his voyage home. He believed that he had found the coast of Asia.
• After his return from his first voyage, Cartier received much praise from Francis I and was granted another voyage, which he left the next year. He left France on May 19 with three ships, 110 men, and the two natives he promised to return to the Iroquois captain.
• This time, when he arrived at the St. Lawrence River, he sailed up the river in what he believed to be a pathway into Asia. He did not reach Asia but instead came into contact with Chief Donnacona, who ruled from the Iroquois capital, Stadacona.
• Cartier continued up the St. Lawrence, believing that it was the Northwest passage to the east. He came across the Iroquois city of Hochelaga and was not able to go much further. The St. Lawrence waters became rapids and were too harsh for ships.
• His expedition left Cartier unable to return to France before the coming of winter. He stayed among the people of Hochelaga and then sailed back to Stadacona around mid-October. He most likely set up winter camp here. During his encampment, scurvy broke out among the Iroquois and soon infected the European explorers. The prognosis was dim until the Iroquois revealed a remedy for scurvy. Bark from a white spruce boiled in water would rid them of the disease.
• Cartier and his men used an entire white spruce to concoct the remedy. The remedy would work and would save the expedition from failure.
• Cartier left Canada for France in May of 1536. Chief Donnacona traveled to France with him to tell King Francis of the great treasures to be found. Jacques Cartier arrived in France on July 15, 1536. His second voyage had made him a wealthy and affluent man.
• Jacques Cartier's third voyage was a debacle. It began with King Francis commissioning Cartier to found a colony and then replacing Cartier with a friend of his, Huguenot explorer Roberval. Cartier was placed as Roberval's chief navigator.  Cartier and Roberval left France in 1541.
• Upon reaching the St. Lawrence, Roverval waited for supplies and sent Cartier ahead to begin construction on the settlement. Cartier anchored at Stadacona and once again met with the Iroquois. While they greeted him with much happiness, Cartier did not like how many of them there were and chose to sail down the river a bit more to find a better spot to construct the settlement. He found the spot and began construction and named it Charlesbourg-Royal.
• After fortifying the settlement, Cartier set out to search for Saguenay. His search was again halted by winter, and the rapids of the Ottawa River forced him to return to Charlesbourg-Royal. Upon his arrival, he found out that the Iroquois Indians were no longer friendly to the Europeans. They attacked the settlement and left 35 of the settlers dead. Jacques Cartier believed that he had insufficient manpower to defend the settlement and search for the Saguenay Kingdom. He also believed that he and his men had found diamonds and gold and had stashed them on two ships.
• Cartier set sail for France in June of 1542. Along the way, he located Roberval and his ships along the coast of Newfoundland. Roberval insisted that Cartier stay and continue with him to the settlement and to help find the Kingdom of Saguenay, and Carter pretended to oblige. Cartier waited, and when the perfect night came, he and his ships full of diamonds and gold left Roberval and returned to France. Roberval continued to Charlesbourg-Royal but abandoned it 2 years later after harsh winters, disease, and the hostile Iroquois Indians.
• Upon returning to France, Cartier would learn that the diamonds he believed to have found were nothing more than mineral deposits. This ended the career of Jacques Cartier.
• Jacques Cartier retired to Sain-Malo, where he served as an interpreter of the Portuguese language. A typhus epidemic broke out in 1557 and claimed the life of the great explorer. Cartier died 15 years after his last voyage to the New World.
• While Cartier's missions did not establish a permanent settlement in Canada, it laid the foundation for Samuel de Champlain.

Biography of Jacques Cartier, Early Explorer of Canada

Rischgitz / Stringer/ Hulton Archive / Getty Images

• Canadian Government
• The U. S. Government
• U.S. Foreign Policy
• U.S. Liberal Politics
• U.S. Conservative Politics
• Women's Issues
• Civil Liberties
• The Middle East
• Race Relations
• Immigration
• Crime & Punishment
• Understanding Types of Government
• B.A., Political Science, Carleton University

Jacques Cartier (December 31, 1491–September 1, 1557) was a French navigator sent by French King Francis I to the New World to find gold and diamonds and a new route to Asia. Cartier explored what became known as Newfoundland, the Magdalen Islands, Prince Edward Island, and the Gaspé Peninsula, and was the first explorer to map the St. Lawrence River. He claimed what is now Canada for France.

Fast Facts: Jacques Cartier

• Known For : French explorer who gave Canada its name
• Born : Dec. 31, 1491 in Saint-Malo, Brittany, France
• Died : Sept. 1, 1557 in Saint-Malo
• Spouse : Marie-Catherine des Granches

Jacques Cartier was born on Dec. 31, 1491, in Saint-Malo, a historic French port on the coast of the English Channel. Cartier began to sail as a young man and earned a reputation as a highly-skilled navigator, a talent that would come in handy during his voyages across the Atlantic Ocean.

He apparently made at least one voyage to the New World, exploring Brazil , before he led his three major North American voyages. These voyages—all to the St. Lawrence region of what is now Canada—came in 1534, 1535–1536, and 1541–1542.

First Voyage

In 1534 King Francis I of France decided to send an expedition to explore the so-called "northern lands" of the New World. Francis was hoping the expedition would find precious metals, jewels, spices, and a passage to Asia. Cartier was selected for the commission.

With two ships and 61 crewmen, Cartier arrived off the barren shores of Newfoundland just 20 days after setting sail. He wrote, "I am rather inclined to believe that this is the land God gave to Cain."

The expedition entered what is today known as the Gulf of St. Lawrence by the Strait of Belle Isle, went south along the Magdalen Islands, and reached what are now the provinces of Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick. Going north to the Gaspé peninsula, he met several hundred Iroquois from their village of Stadacona (now Quebec City), who were there to fish and hunt for seals. He planted a cross on the peninsula to claim the area for France, although he told Chief Donnacona it was just a landmark.

The expedition captured two of Chief Donnacona's sons, Domagaya and Taignoagny, to take along as prisoners. They went through the strait separating Anticosti Island from the north shore but did not discover the St. Lawrence River before returning to France.

Second Voyage

Cartier set out on a larger expedition the next year, with 110 men and three ships adapted for river navigation. Donnacona's sons had told Cartier about the St. Lawrence River and the “Kingdom of the Saguenay” in an effort, no doubt, to get a trip home, and those became the objectives of the second voyage. The two former captives served as guides for this expedition.

After a long sea crossing, the ships entered the Gulf of St. Lawrence and then went up the "Canada River," later named the St. Lawrence River. Guided to Stadacona, the expedition decided to spend the winter there. But before winter set in, they traveled up the river to Hochelaga, the site of present-day Montreal. (The name "Montreal" comes from Mount Royal, a nearby mountain Cartier named for the King of France.)

Returning to Stadacona, they faced deteriorating relations with the natives and a severe winter. Nearly a quarter of the crew died of scurvy, although Domagaya saved many men with a remedy made from evergreen bark and twigs. Tensions grew by spring, however, and the French feared being attacked. They seized 12 hostages, including Donnacona, Domagaya, and Taignoagny, and fled for home.

Third Voyage

Because of his hasty escape, Cartier could only report to the king that untold riches lay farther west and that a great river, said to be 2,000 miles long, possibly led to Asia. These and other reports, including some from the hostages, were so encouraging that King Francis decided on a huge colonizing expedition. He put military officer Jean-François de la Rocque, Sieur de Roberval, in charge of the colonization plans, although the actual exploration was left to Cartier.

War in Europe and the massive logistics for the colonization effort, including the difficulties of recruiting, slowed Roberval. Cartier, with 1,500 men, arrived in Canada a year ahead of him. His party settled at the bottom of the cliffs of Cap-Rouge, where they built forts. Cartier started a second trip to Hochelaga, but he turned back when he found that the route past the Lachine Rapids was too difficult.

On his return, he found the colony under siege from the Stadacona natives. After a difficult winter, Cartier gathered drums filled with what he thought were gold, diamonds, and metal and started to sail for home. But his ships met Roberval's fleet with the colonists, who had just arrived in what is now St. John's, Newfoundland .

Roberval ordered Cartier and his men to return to Cap-Rouge, but Cartier ignored the order and sailed for France with his cargo. When he arrived in France, he found that the load was really iron pyrite—also known as fool's gold—and quartz. Roberval's settlement efforts also failed. He and the colonists returned to France after experiencing one bitter winter.

Death and Legacy

While he was credited with exploring the St. Lawrence region, Cartier's reputation was tarnished by his harsh dealings with the Iroquois and by his abandoning the incoming colonists as he fled the New World. He returned to Saint-Malo but got no new commissions from the king. He died there on Sept. 1, 1557.

Despite his failures, Jacques Cartier is credited as the first European explorer to chart the St. Lawrence River and to explore the Gulf of St. Lawrence. He also discovered Prince Edward Island and built a fort at Stadacona, where Quebec City stands today. And, in addition to providing the name for a mountain that gave birth to "Montreal," he gave Canada its name when he misunderstood or misused the Iroquois word for village, "kanata," as the name of a much broader area.

• " Jacques Cartier Biography ." Biography.com.
• " Jacques Cartier ." History.com.
• " Jacques Cartier: French Explorer ." Encyclopedia Brittanica.
• The Story of How Canada Got Its Name
• A Timeline of North American Exploration: 1492–1585
• Biography of Robert Cavelier de la Salle, French Explorer
• Amerigo Vespucci, Explorer and Navigator
• Capital Cities of Canada
• French and Indian War: Siege of Louisbourg (1758)
• Captain James Cook
• The Florida Expeditions of Ponce de Leon
• Biography of Ferdinand Magellan, Explorer Circumnavigated the Earth
• Amerigo Vespucci, Italian Explorer and Cartographer
• Facts About Canada's Geography, History, and Politics
• Explorers and Discoverers
• Biography and Legacy of Ferdinand Magellan
• Biography of Christopher Columbus
• Prince Edward Island Facts
• Queen Elizabeth's Royal Visits to Canada

Virtual museum of New France

• Virtual museum of new France
• Introduction
• Colonies and Empires

The Explorers

• Economic Activities
• Useful links

• North America Before New France
• From the Middle Ages to the Age of Discovery
• Founding Sites
• French Colonial Expansion and Franco-Amerindian Alliances
• Other New Frances
• Other Colonial Powers
• Wars and Imperial Rivalries
• Governance and Sites of Power

Jacques Cartier 1534-1542

• Samuel de Champlain 1604-1616
• Étienne Brûlé 1615-1621
• Jean Nicollet 1634
• Jean de Quen 1647
• Médard Chouart Des Groseilliers 1654-1660
• Pierre-Esprit Radisson 1659-1660
• Nicolas Perrot 1665-1689
• René-Robert Cavelier de La Salle 1670-1687
• Charles Albanel 1672
• Jacques Marquette 1673
• Louis Jolliet 1673-1694
• Louis Hennepin 1678-1680
• Daniel Greysolon Dulhut 1678-1679
• Louis-Armand de Lom d’Arce, baron Lahontan 1684-1689
• Pierre de Troyes 1686
• Pierre Le Moyne d’Iberville 1686-1702
• Antoine Laumet dit de Lamothe Cadillac 1694-1701
• Pierre Gaultier de Varennes et de La Vérendrye 1732-1739
• Basque Whalers
• Industrial Development
• Commercial Networks
• Immigration
• Social Groups
• Religious Congregations
• Pays d’en Haut and Louisiana
• Entertainment
• Communications
• Health and Medicine
• Vernacular Architecture in New France

We do not know how Jacques Cartier learned the art of navigation, but Saint-Malo, the town where he was born between the summer and winter of 1491, was at the time one of the most important ports in Europe. In 1524 he probably accompanied Giovanni da Verrazzano on unofficial explorations initiated by the king of France. Some ten years later, Jacques Cartier was a sufficiently experienced navigator to be asked by Francis I to undertake the official exploration of North America. There is no doubt that he was already familiar with the sea route that he took in 1534.

To the New Lands

On March 19, 1534, Cartier was assigned the mission of “undertaking the voyage of this kingdom to the New Lands to discover certain islands and countries where there are said to be great quantities of gold and other riches”. The following April 20, the navigator from Saint-Malo cast off with two ships and a crew of 61. Twenty days later he reached Newfoundland. The exploration began in an area frequented by Breton fishermen: from the Baie des Châteaux (Strait of Belle Isle) to southern Newfoundland. After erecting a cross at Saint-Servan on the north coast of the Gulf, Cartier tacked to the south. He first encountered the Magdalen Islands, and then set course for present-day Prince Edward Island, failing to notice that it was in fact an island.

A Lie and A Claiming of Possession

Cartier then moved on to Chaleur Bay, where he encountered some Micmacs on July 7. The talks were accompanied by a swapping of items, which history has recorded as the first act of trade between the French and Amerindians. Soon after, Cartier reached Gaspé Bay.

More than 200 Iroquois from Stadacona (Québec) were on the peninsula to fish. Initially trusting and cordial, relations were tarnished when Jacques Cartier claimed possession of the territory on July 24. The 30-foot cross he erected at Pointe-Penouille seemed improper to Donnacona, the Native chief. Fearing the consequences of this discontent, Cartier lied, describing the cross as an insignificant landmark.

Jacques Cartier in Gaspé  On the 25th he left the Gaspé area, heading for the Gulf of St. Lawrence. After navigating the strait separating Anticosti Island from the north shore, he set off again for Saint-Malo, where he landed on September 5. The St. Lawrence River had not been discovered.

Revelations of the Amerindian Guides

Jacques Cartier arrived in France with two precious trophies: Domagaya and Taignoagny, the sons of Donnacona, whom he had convinced to come with him. They told him of the St. Lawrence River and the “Kingdom of the Saguenay”, the objectives of his second voyage upon which he set forth on May 19, 1535. Cartier had been persuasive: his crew had doubled and he had command of three ships: the Grande Hermine, Petite Hermine and Émérillon.

Fifty days after putting to sea, a first vessel laid anchor off the shores of Newfoundland. On July 26 the convoy was reunited, and exploration could begin again. On August 10, the day of St. Lawrence, the explorer gave the saint’s name to a little bay. Cartographers later applied it to the the “great river of Hochelaga and route to Canada” leading to the interior of the continent, “so long that no man has seen its end”.

From the Saguenay to Hochelaga

Sailing along the river to Stadacona (Québec), the ships passed Anticosti Island and the mouth of the Saguenay. Cartier established his headquarters on the Sainte-Croix (Saint-Charles) river, and five days later boarded the Émérillon to travel to Hochelaga (Montreal). Leaving the ship in Lake Saint-Pierre, he proceeded in a small craft to the Iroquois village, where he arrived on October 2.

There were nearly 2,000 people living there. The island and village were overlooked by a mountain, which he named mount Royal. He was taken there by his hosts, who spoke to him of the riches of the west, and again of the “Kingdom of the Saguenay”. The rapids north and south of Montreal Island prevented him from continuing his route to the west. Cartier had to return to harbour on the Saint-Charles river, where he found that relations with the Iroquois had become more acrimonious. The threat of an early winter lay before the Frenchmen.

Isolation, Cold and Scurvy

From mid-November, the ships were imprisoned in the ice. December began with an epidemic of scurvy. The Iroquois, the first affected, were slow in delivering up the secret of anedda, a white cedar tea which would save them. Of the 100 Frenchmen afflicted, 25 died.

On May 3, Cartier planted a cross on the site where he had just wintered. The same day, he seized about ten Iroquois, one of them Donnacona, the only one who was able to “relate to the King the marvels he had seen in the western lands”.

The voyage back began three days later, without the Petite Hermine. Following a swerve along the Newfoundland coast, Jacques Cartier discovered the strait which bears the name of the explorer Giovanni Caboto. On July 16, 1536, Cartier was again in Saint-Malo.

The Colonization of Canada

On October 17, 1540, Francis I ordered the Breton navigator to return to Canada to lend weight to a colonization project of which he would be “captain general”. But on January 15, 1541 Cartier was supplanted by Jean-François de La Roque de Roberval, a Huguenot courtier.

Authorized to leave by Roberval, who was awaiting the delivery of artillery and merchandise, Jacques Cartier departed from Saint-Malo on May 23, 1541. He led five vessels “well provisioned with victuals for two years”, including the Grande Hermine, Émérillon, Saint-Brieux and Georges. There were 1500 people travelling with him. The crossing took more than three months.

With the exception of one little girl, all the Iroquois died in France. Cartier admitted the death of Donnacona, but claimed that the others “had remained in France where they were living as great lords; they had married and had no desire to return to their country”.

Being no longer welcome in Stadacona, the colonists settled at the foot of Cap Rouge (Cap Diamant), named Charlesbourg Royal. The experience was a disaster. In June 1542 Cartier left the St. Lawrence valley with the survivors. At Newfoundland he met with Roberval’s group, which had only left La Rochelle in April. The night after their encounter, Cartier placed the entreprise in jeopardy by slipping away from his leader. He landed in Saint-Malo in September.

Jacques Cartier would never return to Canada. As for Roberval, he continued on to Charlesbourg Royal, which he renamed France-Roi. After putting up with the climate, scurvy, quarrelling and adversity, his colony was extinguished in 1543 with the repatriation of those who survived.

The Ages of Exploration

Jacques cartier interactive map, age of discovery.

Quick Facts:

Jacques Cartier’s voyages across the Atlantic Ocean brought him to northern North America which he claimed for France and named “Canada, and explored much of the St. Lawrence River

Click on the world map to view an example of the explorer’s voyage.

How to Use the Map

• Click on either the map icons or on the location name in the expanded column to view more information about that place or event

• Original "EXPLORATION through the AGES" site
• The Mariners' Educational Programs

• Passer au contenu principal
• Passer à « Au sujet du gouvernement »

Sélection de la langue

Le premier voyage (1534), lieu historique national cartier-brébeuf.

Jacques Cartier entreprend trois voyages au Canada. Le 20 avril 1534, en compagnie de quelque 60 marins appelés à manœuvrer 2 navires d'environ 60 tonneaux chacun, Cartier quitte Saint-Malo. À la suite d'une courte traversée qui dure 20 jours, il parvient au détroit de Belle-Isle. Après avoir longé quelque temps la côte nord du golfe, il revient et navigue vers le sud en suivant la côte ouest de Terre-Neuve. Puis, se dirigeant vers les terres, il devine au passage l'existence du détroit de Cabot, côtoie les Îles-de-la-Madeleine, contourne la pointe nord de l'Île-du-Prince-Édouard pour aboutir devant la baie des Chaleurs. Croyant avoir trouvé le chemin de l'Asie, il pénètre dans cette anse, mais il doit bientôt rebrousser chemin. Une tempête le pousse dans la baie de Gaspé, où il rencontre plus de 200 personnes de Stadaconé (Québec), venues y faire la pêche. Deux Amérindiens apparentés au chef Donnacona (ses fils), Domagaya et Taignoagny, se voient contraints d'embarquer à bord du navire de Cartier, qui poursuit son exploration avec eux.

Par la suite, les conditions climatiques empêchent Cartier de voir l'entrée du fleuve entre la Gaspésie et l'île d'Anticosti. Il continue à chercher un passage du côté nord de cette île. La voie s'ouvre enfin devant lui, mais de forts vents et des courants contraires empêchent les deux navires de la flottille de remonter plus loin. Comme l'hiver approche, Cartier et ses hommes décident de retourner en France. Un deuxième voyage s'impose : le fleuve Saint-Laurent pourrait être le passage nordique tant recherché.

Carte du premier voyage de Jacques Cartier au Canada (1534)

Language selection

• Français

The second voyage (1535-1536)

Cartier-brébeuf national historic site.

The following year, his ships filled with provisions for a 15-month expedition, Jacques Cartier explored both shores of the St. Lawrence River beginning from Anticosti Island. He was aided in this endeavour by the two Amerindians he had captured during the previous voyage. On September 7, 1535, he dropped anchor on the north side of Île d'Orléans. Domagaya and Taignoagny, who had become Cartier's guides in these territories, now returned to their homeland and introduced Cartier to the people of Stadacona. The explorer offered the Amerindians presents. This meeting of the two peoples was a cause for numerous celebrations.

Not long after arriving at Île d'Orléans, Jacques Cartier decided to explore the surrounding country for the purpose of finding a suitable location in which to shelter his vessels. He discovered a natural haven at the junction of the Lairet and Saint-Charles Rivers. It was a particularly advantageous setting, as it prevented the ships from being dragged away by tides, and the surrounding hillsides provided shelter from wind. The explorer declared himself satisfied with the location, which was to become the present-day Cartier-Brébeuf National Historic Site, and had his two largest ships, the Grande Hermine and the Petite Hermine, cast anchor for the winter.

Cartier then began laying plans for travel upriver to Hochelaga (present-day Montréal). Domagaya and Taignoagny attempted to dissuade him from this course of action, and then flatly refused to accompany him. They thereby hoped to reserve the benefits of trading with the Europeans for the inhabitants of Stadacona alone. Despite the ruses and threats of the Amerindians, Cartier set out on his expedition aboard the Émérillion on September 19. The inhabitants of Hochelaga provided him a warm welcome. As no interpreters were to be had, the Europeans and the Amerindians had to use sign language. The French navigator developed the impression that there was gold beyond the Lachine rapids. He thus vowed to continue his exploration at some future date.

Related links

• The great explorations
• The first voyage (1534)
• Wintering (1535-1536)
• The third voyage (1541-1542)

We will keep fighting for all libraries - stand with us!

Internet Archive Audio

• This Just In
• Grateful Dead
• Old Time Radio
• 78 RPMs and Cylinder Recordings
• Audio Books & Poetry
• Computers, Technology and Science
• Music, Arts & Culture
• News & Public Affairs
• Spirituality & Religion
• Radio News Archive

• Flickr Commons
• Occupy Wall Street Flickr
• NASA Images
• Solar System Collection
• Ames Research Center

• All Software
• Old School Emulation
• MS-DOS Games
• Historical Software
• Classic PC Games
• Software Library
• Kodi Archive and Support File
• Vintage Software
• CD-ROM Software
• CD-ROM Software Library
• Software Sites
• Tucows Software Library
• Shareware CD-ROMs
• Software Capsules Compilation
• CD-ROM Images
• ZX Spectrum
• DOOM Level CD

• Smithsonian Libraries
• FEDLINK (US)
• Lincoln Collection
• American Libraries
• Canadian Libraries
• Universal Library
• Project Gutenberg
• Children's Library
• Biodiversity Heritage Library
• Books by Language
• Additional Collections

• Prelinger Archives
• Democracy Now!
• Occupy Wall Street
• TV NSA Clip Library
• Animation & Cartoons
• Arts & Music
• Computers & Technology
• Cultural & Academic Films
• Ephemeral Films
• Sports Videos
• Videogame Videos
• Youth Media

Search the history of over 866 billion web pages on the Internet.

Mobile Apps

• Wayback Machine (iOS)
• Wayback Machine (Android)

Browser Extensions

Archive-it subscription.

• Explore the Collections
• Build Collections

Save Page Now

Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future.

Please enter a valid web address

• Donate Donate icon An illustration of a heart shape

Voyages au Canada

Bookreader item preview, share or embed this item, flag this item for.

• Graphic Violence
• Explicit Sexual Content
• Hate Speech
• Misinformation/Disinformation
• Marketing/Phishing/Advertising
• Misleading/Inaccurate/Missing Metadata

plus-circle Add Review comment Reviews

64 Previews

3 Favorites

Better World Books

DOWNLOAD OPTIONS

No suitable files to display here.

PDF access not available for this item.

IN COLLECTIONS

Uploaded by station47.cebu on June 2, 2021

SIMILAR ITEMS (based on metadata)

L'héritage de Jacques Cartier Parole autochtone

• Society & Culture

À Parole autochtone, Melissa Mollen Dupuis souligne le 490e anniversaire du premier voyage de Jacques Cartier à destination de l'Amérique du Nord afin d'explorer de golfe du Saint-Laurent et éventuellement prendre possession du vaste territoire qui allait être nommé Nouvelle-France.

• More Episodes
• Copyright: (C)ICI Radio-Canada, http://ici.radio-canada.ca/apropos/conditionsutilisation/

Top Podcasts In Society & Culture

More by radio-canada.

Ian's Blog II

Obama for President

Thursday, July 26, 2007

• Cartier-Bresson in Moscow

A Caucasian

20 comments:

Nice to meet you!!! [URL=http://superjonn.50webs.com/restaurant-week-nyc-2010-extended.html]restaurant week nyc 2010 extended[/URL]

lo que yo queria, gracias

aaron dawson dating http://loveepicentre.com/success_stories.php dating with priviledges

carbon dating berry's creek http://loveepicentre.com/articles.php initial dating and emotions

[url=http://loveepicentre.com][img]http://loveepicentre.com/uploades/photos/3.jpg[/img][/url] geek 4 geek dating [url=http://loveepicentre.com/advice.php]pakistani dating[/url] best friend dating your crush information against interracial dating [url=http://loveepicentre.com/testimonials.php]mature horny woman dating[/url] email openning for online dating funny songs about dating [url=http://loveepicentre.com/testimonials.php]dating no strings uk[/url] dating gift ideas

[url=http://loveepicentre.com/success_stories.php][img]http://loveepicentre.com/uploades/photos/5.jpg[/img][/url] petit lupin dating [url=http://loveepicentre.com]top dating sites in michigan[/url] dating fender squire bullet guitars dating and pen pals [url=http://loveepicentre.com/articles.php]adventures in dating mandy[/url] definiton of radiometric dating nigel lythgoe dating [url=http://loveepicentre.com/]parently control by teen dating us[/url] dating length

[url=http://loveepicentre.com/map.php][img]http://loveepicentre.com/uploades/photos/8.jpg[/img][/url] los angeles dating [url=http://loveepicentre.com/map.php]speed dating downtown albany ny[/url] ezra dating dating someone with ms [url=http://loveepicentre.com/advice.php]dating silver tea services[/url] big beautiful women dating service oklahoma disability dating links [url=http://loveepicentre.com/success_stories.php]adult singles dating lead south dakota[/url] free dating site romania speakers

[url=http://loveepicentre.com/taketour.php][img]http://loveepicentre.com/uploades/photos/3.jpg[/img][/url] booty call on line dating [url=http://loveepicentre.com/testimonials.php]when dating turns dangerous[/url] hot pie dating free dating sides [url=http://loveepicentre.com/advice.php]phone dating for people with disabilities[/url] rodney alcala dating game midgets dating [url=http://loveepicentre.com]free dating introduction profiles[/url] 100 free dating black site

[url=http://loveepicentre.com/][img]http://loveepicentre.com/uploades/photos/8.jpg[/img][/url] psychology ethics dating patients [url=http://loveepicentre.com/faq.php]celebrating dating anniversaries[/url] christian dating san diego ca 10 minute dating in los angelea [url=http://loveepicentre.com/advice.php]who is vince carter dating[/url] online new 100 free dating site gourmet dating [url=http://loveepicentre.com/]private herpes dating[/url] dating vintage dietz lanterns

pornucopia ebook http://audiobookscollection.co.uk/it/The-Martyrs-of-Columbine-Faith-and-the-Politics-of-Tragedy/p227712/ palm z22 ebook [url=http://audiobookscollection.co.uk/es/Introductory-Biostatistics-for-the-Health-Sciences-Modern-Applications-Including-Bootstrap-Wiley-Series-in-Probability-and-Statistics/p202260/]venus in furs ebook[/url] hard contact ebook download

3d game animation for dummies ebook http://audiobooksworld.co.uk/de/Introduction-to-Social-Security-Policies-Benefits-and-Poverty/p226255/ a vos mac n97 ebook [url=http://audiobooksworld.co.uk/it/E-B-Dynkin/m32858/]number 1 film ebook[/url] electronics handbook ebook

secrets of forex trading ebook http://audiobooksworld.co.uk/it/Legge/c1039/ palmer and sungazing and ebook [url=http://audiobooksworld.co.uk/de/Out-In-The-South/p223112/]website add ons ebook[/url] wilson bryan key media sexploitation ebook

medical transcription software free downloads http://buyoem.co.uk/product-36872/Okdo-Document-Converter-Professional-4-3 wireless router security software [url=http://buyoem.co.uk/it/category-9/Antivirus-e-Securiti?page=4]adobe software ttorent[/url] palm software for lifedrive [url=http://buyoem.co.uk/product-37357/Ultraleecher-Final-1-0]Ultraleecher Final 1.0 - Software Store[/url] best creative software [url=http://buyoem.co.uk/it/product-25907/Adobe-Web-Premium-CS4][img]http://buyoem.co.uk/image/5.gif[/img][/url]

body work joints 3d software http://buysoftwareonline.co.uk/es/category-4/Extensiones-de-programas smart clean software [url=http://buysoftwareonline.co.uk/fr/product-36129/EASEUS-Partition-Master-7-0-Server-Edition]adlib software post process error[/url] grade school homework software [url=http://buysoftwareonline.co.uk/product-21405/Itunes-Library-Manager-5-2-Mac]Itunes Library Manager 5.2 [Mac] - Download OEM, Software Sale, OEM Software[/url] siemans programing software [url=http://buysoftwareonline.co.uk/de/product-35358/3herosoft-DVD-to-iPhone-Converter-3-5-MacOSX][img]http://buyoem.co.uk/image/4.gif[/img][/url]

[url=http://certifiedpharmacy.co.uk/products/prazosin.htm][img]http://onlinemedistore.com/6.jpg[/img][/url] online pharmacy list http://certifiedpharmacy.co.uk/products/buspar.htm new york pharmacy [url=http://certifiedpharmacy.co.uk/products/zithromax.htm]pharmacy technician nevada[/url] lafamme mexico pharmacy http://certifiedpharmacy.co.uk/products/cytotec.htm vet pharmacy info [url=http://certifiedpharmacy.co.uk/products/cok-n--energy-and-sensory-enhancer-.htm]cok n energy and sensory enhancer [/url] pharmacy refusal of plan b http://certifiedpharmacy.co.uk/products/vitamin-c.htm requiremnts to get into pharmacy school [url=http://certifiedpharmacy.co.uk/products/luvox.htm]napiers pharmacy glasgow west end[/url] minnesota state board of pharmacy http://certifiedpharmacy.co.uk/products/amoxil.htm protein powders pharmacy grade [url=http://certifiedpharmacy.co.uk/products/arimidex.htm]arimidex[/url]

[url=http://certifiedpharmacy.co.uk/products/revia.htm][img]http://onlinemedistore.com/5.jpg[/img][/url] fort worth texas orthopedic pharmacy http://certifiedpharmacy.co.uk/products/tegretol.htm indiana ohio illinois online pharmacy [url=http://certifiedpharmacy.co.uk/catalogue/k.htm]human dewormer pharmacy[/url] axium healthcare pharmacy http://certifiedpharmacy.co.uk/products/rogaine-2-.htm target pharmacy jobs [url=http://certifiedpharmacy.co.uk/products/fincar.htm]fincar[/url] doctorate pharmacy training http://certifiedpharmacy.co.uk/categories/erection-packs.htm pharmacy drug price [url=http://certifiedpharmacy.co.uk/products/phenergan.htm]advantages being a pharmacy lawyer[/url] cvs pharmacy drug prices http://certifiedpharmacy.co.uk/products/dipyridamole.htm canadian flomax pharmacy [url=http://certifiedpharmacy.co.uk/products/evecare.htm]evecare[/url]

[url=http://englandpharmacy.co.uk/products/hyzaar.htm][img]http://onlinemedistore.com/2.jpg[/img][/url] online pharmacy no prescriptions http://englandpharmacy.co.uk/products/zantac.htm communication servces in pharmacy [url=http://englandpharmacy.co.uk/products/levothroid.htm]turo school of pharmacy[/url] cansdian pharmacy for you http://englandpharmacy.co.uk/products/kamasutra-superthin-condoms.htm goodfeel pill pharmacy reviews [url=http://englandpharmacy.co.uk/categories/general-health.htm]general health[/url] pharmacy misconduct http://englandpharmacy.co.uk/products/diovan.htm verdicts against walmart pharmacy [url=http://englandpharmacy.co.uk/products/confido.htm]uphiladelphia college of pharmacy and science[/url] pharmacy technician training programs wiki http://englandpharmacy.co.uk/products/vermox.htm mexican pharmacy elivel [url=http://englandpharmacy.co.uk/products/combivent.htm]combivent[/url]

[url=http://fdaapproved.co.uk/products/hair-loss-cream.htm][img]http://onlinemedistore.com/10.jpg[/img][/url] fruths pharmacy middleport ohio http://fdaapproved.co.uk/products/alavert.htm pharmacy schools va [url=http://fdaapproved.co.uk/products/tofranil.htm]swing arm wall pharmacy lamp[/url] bm pharmacy http://fdaapproved.co.uk/products/hangoff-helper.htm pharmacy technician education washington [url=http://fdaapproved.co.uk/products/aricept.htm]aricept[/url] exmaple of a face sheet for inpatient pharmacy dept http://fdaapproved.co.uk/products/kamagra-oral-jelly.htm smart choice pharmacy canada [url=http://fdaapproved.co.uk/products/aleve.htm]pharmacy near gibsonia pa[/url] history of pharmacy law http://fdaapproved.co.uk/products/ilosone.htm american college pharmacy accreditation [url=http://fdaapproved.co.uk/products/isoptin.htm]isoptin[/url]

professional dating blue collar http://loveepicentre.com/articles/ no monthly charge adult dating site dating agency glasgow [url=http://loveepicentre.com/faq/]loopylove dating[/url] tennis dating dating florida [url=http://loveepicentre.com/success_stories/]madison hildebrand dating[/url] top adult dating [url=http://loveepicentre.com/user/sahil9992007/]sahil9992007[/url] who is robert patterson dating

Hello tο all, іt's really a pleasant for me to visit this website, it contains precious Information. My website internet reputation

Post a Comment

Blogs and Sites

• Inside Stories
• From Inside Out
• The Art of Boasting
• Stuck in a Book
• Toujours Jacques
• ecojusticechallenge
• loweringmyexpectations
• Make Tea Not War
• MarkAthitakisAmericanfiction
• My Restaurant Reviews
• New Historicism and Cultural Materialism
• everythinginbetween
• The Guilfordian
• Of Books and Bikes
• Jeremy's Blog
• The Voice of Reason
• Apparent Dip
• echoesinthewind
• bradgreenberg
• misteranchovy
• loosebaggymonster
• Musings From the Sofa
• Child of Revolution
• A Curious Singularity
• Elise's Recipes
• Manderine le Chat
• Communicatrix
• Healing Magic hands
• Charlie Trotters
• The Foodist
• Hardcore-Troubadour
• Jew Eat Yet
• African Medical Mission
• Archie Archive
• Tiedyedlibrarian
• Andy Borowitz
• Alternatesideparking
• Zevely House
• Lindsay's Art
• The Julie/Julia Project
• Huffington Post
• Guilford College
• Charlotte's Web
• Tales From the Reading Room
• Ian and Emily
• Froshty Mugs
• Telecommuter Talk
• My Old Blog
• Inhuman Bondage, David Brion Davis
• Purchasing Identity in the Atlantic World, Phyllis Hunter
• The Age of Reconnaissance, J.H. Parry
• Atlantic Virginia: Intercolonial Relations in the Seventeenth Century, April Lee Hatfiield
• The Columbian Exchange, Alfred W. Crosby
• Facing East From Indian Country, Daniel Richter
• Atlantic History, Bernard Bailyn
• The Story of Edgar Sawtelle, David Wroblewski
• The Invention of Solitude, Paul Auster
• Sputnik Sweetheart, Haruki Murakami
• The Izu Dancer and Other Stories, Yasumari Kawabata
• Duma Key, Stephen King
• American Pastoral, Philip Roth
• Barefoot Gen, Vol. 1&2, Keiji Nazazawa
• Maus Vol. 1&2, Art Speigelman
• Fear and Loathing on the Campaign Trial '72, Hunter S. Thompson
• Botchan, Natsume Soseki
• Guns, Germs, and Steel, Jared Diamond
• Lies My Teacher Told Me, James W. Loewen
• In the Heart of the Sea, Nathaniel Philbrick
• The Darling, Russel Banks
• The Barracks Thief, Tobias Wolff
• Blue Latitudes, Tony Horwitz
• Don Quixote, Miguel Cervantes
• On the Road, Jack Kerouak
• Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain
• Big Sur, Jack Kerouac
• Boy, Roald Dahl
• The Master and Margarita, Mikhail Bulgakov
• In the Garden of the North American Martyrs, Tobias Wolff
• The Fortune of War, Patrick O'Brian
• Being There, Jerzy Kosinski
• Stalin: Triumph and Tragedy, Dmitri Volkogonov
• Death Note vol. 1 (manga) Tsugumi Ohba, Takeshi Obata
• The Weimar Republic, Detlev J. K. Peukert
• Flight Vol. 3
• The Glass Key, Dashiell Hammett
• Travels with Myself and Another, Martha Gellhorn
• Gellhorn, A Twentieth-Century Life, Caroline Moorehead
• Roasting in Hell's Kitchen, Gordon Ramsay
• The Russian Revolution, Sheila Fitzpatrick
• Out of Africa, Karen Blixen
• A Farewell to Arms, Ernest Hemingway
• Travels with Charley, John Steinbeck
• Flight Vol. II
• Portnoy's Complaint, Philip Roth
• In Pharoah's Army, Tobias Wolff
• Zorba the Greek, Nikos Kazantzakis
• Down and Out in Paris and London, George Orwell
• We Die Alone, David Howarth
• This Boy's Life, Tobias Wolff
• A Year In Provence, Peter Mayle
• One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, Ken Kesey
• Crossing to Safety, Wallace Stegner
• Tender is the Night, F. Scott Fitzgerald
• The Best American Comics of 2006
• Lenin's Tomb, David Remnick

Blog Archive

• ►  November (1)
• ►  October (2)
• ►  September (2)
• ►  August (8)
• ►  July (3)
• ►  June (7)
• ►  May (3)
• ►  April (6)
• ►  March (5)
• ►  February (5)
• ►  January (7)
• ►  December (6)
• ►  November (7)
• ►  October (5)
• ►  September (9)
• ►  August (12)
• Third Grade
• From the Archives
• Flannery O'Conner Wrote Me
• Worst Lyrics
• Suggestions for Reading about All Good
• All Good Part IV
• All Good Part III
• Kinky Sex (or, stay tuned for part three of All Good)
• Lindsay's Art
• All Good, Part II
• All Good, Part I
• For some reason blogspot has decided I'm not allow...
• The shadowy figures that look out at us from the t...
• The War of the Roots
• Emily's Meme
• ►  June (11)
• ►  May (12)
• ►  April (1)

Hit Counter

• Preplanned tours
• Daytrips out of Moscow
• Themed tours
• Customized tours
• St. Petersburg

Theatres in Moscow

Cultural life of Moscow city is various and rich! Operas, ballets, symphonic concerts... Russian composers have created some of the most beautiful classical music. Russian classical music is very popular in Moscow. It is performed in many beautiful historical venues. Do not forget to include a visit to a concert hall in your itinerary when you are planning your stay in Moscow! And do it in advance.

There are almost no restrictions on dress code in Russian theatres. Visitors may wear jeans and sports shoes, they may have a backpack with them. Only shorts are not allowed.

A typical feature of Russian theatre – visitors are bringing a lot of flowers which they present to their favorite performers after the show.

Here are some practical advices where to go and how to buy tickets.

The Bolshoi Theatre

The Bolshoi Theatre is the oldest, the most famous and popular opera and ballet theatre in Russia. The word “Bolshoi” means “big” in Russian. You can buy a ticket online in advance, 2-3 months before the date of performance on the official website . Prices for famous ballets are high: 6-8 thousand rubles for a seat in stalls. Tickets to operas are cheaper: you can get a good seat for 4-5 thousand rubles. Tickets are cheaper for daytime performances and performances on the New Stage. The New Stage is situated in the light-green building to the left of the Bolshoi's main building. The quality of operas and ballets shown on the New Stage is excellent too. However, you should pay attention that many seats of the Bolshoi’s Old and New Stages have limited visibility . If you want to see the Bolshoi’s Old Stage but all tickets are sold out, you can order a tour of the theatre. You can book such a tour on the official website.

If you want, following Russian tradition, to give flowers to the performers at the end of the show, in the Bolshoi flowers should be presented via special staff who collects these flowers in advance.

In August the Bolshoi is closed.

The Stanislavsky and Nemirovich-Danchenko Music Theatre

This theatre is noteworthy. On one hand, it offers brilliant classical opera and ballet performances. On the other hand, it is an experimental venue for modern artists. You can check the program and buy tickets online here http://stanmus.com/ . If you are opera lover, get a ticket to see superstar Hibla Gerzmava . The theatre has a very beautiful historic building and a stage with a good view from every seat. Tickets are twice cheaper than in the Bolshoi.

The Novaya Opera

“Novaya” means “New” in Russian. This opera house was founded in 1991 by a famous conductor Eugene Kolobov. Its repertoire has several directions: Russian and Western classics, original shows and divertissements, and operas of the 20th and 21st centuries. It is very popular with Muscovites for excellent quality of performances, a comfortable hall, a beautiful Art Nouveau building and a historic park Hermitage, which is situated right next to it. You can buy tickets online here http://www.novayaopera.ru/en .

Galina Vishnevskaya Opera Center

The Opera Center has become one of the best theatrical venues in Moscow. It was founded in 2002 by great diva Galina Vishnevskaya. Nowadays its artistic director is Olga Rostropovich, daughter of Galina Vishnevskaya and her husband Mstislav Rostropovich, great cellist and conductor. Not only best young opera singers perform here, but also world music stars do; chamber and symphonic concerts, theatrical productions and musical festivals take place here. You can see what is on the program here http://opera-centre.ru/theatre . Unfortunately “booking tickets online” is available in Russian only. If you need help, you can contact us at and we can book a ticket for you. 

Tchaikovsky Concert Hall and The Great Hall of Moscow Conservatory

These are two major concert halls for symphonic music in Moscow. Both feature excellent acoustics, impressive interior, various repertoire and best performers. You can check the program here http://meloman.ru/calendar/ . You need just to switch to English. Booking tickets online is available only for owners of Russian, Ukrainian and Belorussian phone numbers. If you need help, you can contact us and we can book a ticket for you. 

Moscow International Performing Arts Center (MIPAC)

This modern and elegant concert hall houses performances of national and foreign symphony orchestras, chamber ensembles, solo instrumentalists, opera singers, ballet dancers, theatre companies, jazz bands, variety and traditional ensembles. Actually, it has three concert halls placed on three different levels and having separate entrances. The President of MIPAC is People’s Artist of the USSR Vladimir Spivakov, conductor of “Virtuosy Moskvy” orchestra. You can see pictures of the concert halls here http://www.mmdm.ru/en/content/halls . The program is impressive in its variety but is not translated into English. You can contact us at and we can find a performance for you.

Download the free Kindle app and start reading Kindle books instantly on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required .

Read instantly on your browser with Kindle for Web.

Using your mobile phone camera - scan the code below and download the Kindle app.

Image Unavailable

• To view this video download Flash Player

Henri Cartier-Bresson: Mosca (Moscow) Hardcover – January 1, 1954

• Language Italian
• Publisher Robert Delpire - Artimport
• Publication date January 1, 1954
• See all details

Product details

• ASIN ‏ : ‎ B001HBTY3A
• Publisher ‏ : ‎ Robert Delpire - Artimport (January 1, 1954)
• Language ‏ : ‎ Italian
• Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 2.53 pounds

Customer reviews

Customer Reviews, including Product Star Ratings help customers to learn more about the product and decide whether it is the right product for them.

To calculate the overall star rating and percentage breakdown by star, we don’t use a simple average. Instead, our system considers things like how recent a review is and if the reviewer bought the item on Amazon. It also analyzed reviews to verify trustworthiness.

No customer reviews

• Amazon Newsletter
• About Amazon
• Accessibility
• Sustainability
• Press Center
• Investor Relations
• Amazon Devices
• Amazon Science
• Sell on Amazon
• Sell apps on Amazon
• Supply to Amazon
• Protect & Build Your Brand
• Become an Affiliate
• Become a Delivery Driver
• Start a Package Delivery Business
• Advertise Your Products
• Self-Publish with Us
• Become an Amazon Hub Partner
• › See More Ways to Make Money
• Amazon Visa
• Amazon Store Card
• Amazon Secured Card
• Amazon Business Card
• Shop with Points
• Credit Card Marketplace
• Reload Your Balance
• Amazon Currency Converter
• Your Account
• Your Orders
• Shipping Rates & Policies
• Amazon Prime
• Returns & Replacements
• Manage Your Content and Devices
• Recalls and Product Safety Alerts
• Conditions of Use
• Privacy Notice
• Consumer Health Data Privacy Disclosure
• Your Ads Privacy Choices