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Cappadocia Tours & Trips

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73 Cappadocia tour packages with 176 reviews

Explorer Family Historical Christmas & New Year +1

The Istanbul Cappadocia Trail 4 Days of Wonder

"The trip was super organized, everything worked out excellently. The Recital Hotel in Istanbul had a good location in the old town." Anna, traveled in May 2024

In-depth Cultural Family Christmas & New Year +1

A Tale of Two Marvels: Istanbul & Cappadocia 7 Day Tour

"I think Istanbul is the most beautiful city I have ever seen. Everything was so well organized." Sebastian, traveled in September 2023

7 Days Best of Istanbul and Best of Cappadocia Package

"There was no glitch in the whole trip, including flights, hotel, pick ups, etc. Excellent service." Jayanth, traveled in October 2022

Istanbul - Ankara - Cappadocia | 6 Days with 1 flight

"The tour was great, and it would have been a better experience to stay at an updated hotel." Jose, traveled in July 2022

Istanbul and Cappadocia 6 Days with 2 flights

"We had wonderful guides, couldn't recommend them more highly, and the driver in Cappadocia was also wonderful." Jennifer, traveled in April 2024

Explorer Family Christmas & New Year +1

3 Days-Cappadocia Tour from/to Istanbul

"The accommodation, transportation and response was very efficient and well appreciated." Doris, traveled in April 2019

Explorer Family In-depth Cultural Christmas & New Year +2

Istanbul&Cappadocia-4 Days

"The Cappadoci experience was amazing. Not to be missed!" Jan, traveled in May 2023

7 Days Istanbul and Best of Cappadocia Tour

"We enjoyed every part of toury. Booking this tour helped us avoid organising transport and accomodation myself." shettiwar, traveled in September 2023

In-depth Cultural Family Historical Christmas & New Year +2

3 Days Best of Cappadocia Tour from/to Istanbul

"Very professional guides. Great tour company." Lilia, traveled in September 2022

In-depth Cultural Family Sightseeing Christmas & New Year +2

5 Days - Istanbul Cappadocia Tour

"Such good service and prompt feedback from them. I would definitely use them again." Kalden, traveled in November 2019

What people love about Cappadocia Tours

the guıde was excellent.And very professional. I adore the and history. I will come with my friends again.

The best part of the tour was the organization, and Cappadocia did not disappoint! Each driver and tour guide was on time, even early in most cases. They were very polite and made me feel safer as a lone traveling woman.

Tour was great. Two things to note: tour stated that the maximum amount of people was 18. Actual amount of people was 31. The hotel in Istanbul was outdated. It would have been a better experience to stay at an updated hotel

Top operators

"I was traveling with my 17-year-old grandson. The trip was super organized, everything worked out excellently. The Recital Hotel in Istanbul had a good location in the old town. The rooms were big and clean. The hotel in Cappadocia was a cave hotel, uniquely beautiful. All pick-ups, whether from the airport or from the hotels, were on time and were done in a big new Mercedes. Our very big thanks go to Umut. He answered all my questions quickly and competently before the trip. During the trip, he looked after us excellently. I can really recommend TourRadar.

Guide of Ephesus is an expert in:

"the guıde was excellent.And very professional. I adore the and history. I will come with my friends again.

Dorak Tours is an expert in:

• In-depth Cultural

"Shafaq was a great tour guide, informative, organised and personable with a great attitude. The group got on well and the range of activities was amazing from hot air ballooning in Capadocia to boat days and visiting carpet shops. It was a great experience and highly recommend, especially to those like me that had never visited Turkey before, and wanted to uncover a lot of what the country has to offer in two weeks.

Intrepid Travel is an expert in:

Cappadocia Tours starting in:

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Cappadocia Tours & Vacations

This is one of the Turkish delights that deserves the hype. 

What began as a series of volcanic ash explosions hundreds of years ago has now transformed Cappadocia into a magical landscape full of fairy chimneys and rock formations that you simply have to see to believe – and we can’t forget about the hot air balloons. Rising into the sky effortlessly, these giant, floating wonders give the region a dreamy atmosphere no Instagram post or highlight reel will ever do justice. From tasting traditional Turkish flavors with a local family to walking through an underground city and taking in the breathtaking sight of the Goreme mountains, this is one adventure you’ll never want to wake up from. 

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Six Days in Turkey

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Articles of Cappadocia

Beyond the balloons: 7 other ways to explore Goreme

Turkey in one week: The ultimate guide

7 sky-high views in Cappadocia (that don’t require a hot air balloon)

Have wanderlust? Here’s why you should visit Cappadocia at least once in your lifetime

Why I love Turkey, a country of countless wonders

Cappadocia travel FAQs

Do i need a covid-19 vaccine to join an intrepid trip.

Trips from 1 January 2023 onwards

From 1 January 2023, Intrepid will no longer require travelers to provide proof of vaccination against COVID-19 (excluding all Polar trips and select adventure cruises).

However, we continue to strongly recommend that all Intrepid travelers and leaders get vaccinated to protect themselves and others.

Specific proof of testing or vaccination may still be required by your destination or airline. Please ensure you check travel and entry requirements carefully.

How to get to Cappadocia

Cappadocia is one of the most traveled to regions in Turkey so thankfully it's easy to get there with flights and public transportation options available in the form of bus and train services.

The best way to get to the mythical destination depends on your budget and travel timeline with flying being the quickest option. There are multiple flights that operate daily from Istanbul to the two closest airports in Cappadocia, Nevsehir Kapadokya Airport (NAV) and Kayseri Erkilet Airport (ASR).

However, it takes a further 37 minutes and 1 hour from each airport respectively to get into the heart of Cappadocia. Bus and train services will obviously take you a bit longer but are great budget-conscious and comfortable options. 

Is Cappadocia safe?

Cappadocia is perfectly safe to travel to as there are no obvious political or security threats in the main tourist areas. This is largely due to the Turkish government's focus on the region as being a major drawcard for international travellers.

However, the same general safety rules apply when travelling; go out in groups or as a pair after dark, stick to well-lit and populated streets/areas, and be aware of your belongings at all times. 

What is the weather like in Cappadocia?

Cappadocia experiences a continental climate of hot, dry, and sunny summers and cold winters (even with the occasional snowfall).

The summer months of June, July, and August are the most popular time to travel.

Average summer temperatures reach into the 30°Cs.

Average winter temperatures can lower to a chilly 5°C. Keep this in mind when planning your trip and pack accordingly.

Even in summer, the temperatures can drop significantly. Make sure you pack clothes for all seasons.

Do I need to purchase travel insurance before traveling?

Absolutely. All passengers traveling with Intrepid are required to purchase travel insurance before the start of their trip. Your travel insurance details will be recorded by your leader on the first day of the trip. Due to the varying nature, availability and cost of health care around the world, travel insurance is very much an essential and necessary part of every journey.

For more information on insurance, please go to: Travel Insurance

Are Intrepid trips accessible for travellers with disabilities?

We are committed to making travel widely  accessible , regardless of ability or disability. We do our best to help you see the world, regardless of physical or mental limitations. 

We are always happy to talk to travellers with disabilities and see if we can help guide them toward the most suitable itinerary for their needs and, where possible, make reasonable adjustments to our itineraries.

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About Cappadocia

The region known as Cappadocia in classical times was reaching the Black Sea to the north and the Taurus Mountains to the south, the Euphrates to the east and the Salt Lake to the west. After the Persian invasion in 6th century BC, the region was divided in to two, the Pontus to the north and Rocky Cappadocia to the south. Today the most known and visited part of Cappadocia region is right in the center of Turkey and the name of the major city in this region is Nevsehir.

Private or Small Groups Tour Itineraries

Cappadocia Tours from Istanbul

Cappadocia tours from ankara, istanbul to cappadocia tour package, gobekli tepe tour from cappadocia, turkey tours, best of turkey tour, treasures of ancient turkey tour, 20 years experiences.

English speaking professional experienced and licensed local tour guides.

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Well design unique tour itineraries, including Turkey’s UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

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Tailor made tours, private tour programs based on your preferences.

Why choose us?

Welcome to Visit Cappadocia, this web site is owned and operated by Serendipity Tours Turkey. We are a fully licensed travel agency and tour operator, authorized by Turkish Ministry of Tourism and the license number is 7797.

Our mission

We specialize in custom made and small group tours in cultural, archeological, historical, and ecological theme. Founders of Serendipity Tours are Australian educated licensed professional tour guides and have many years of experience in the field.  If you are looking for more personal travel services and wish to avoid over-commercialized package programs, please contact us.

Travel Blog & Tips

Customer review.

My husband and I did a 14-day private tour. From the first time we contacted Serendipity until the moment we said our farewells at the airport, we were well taken care of. Fazli made sure we saw the best of the best, and curated his tour based on our taste and interest. Do not hesitate! Choose Serendipity–you will have the experience of a lifetime.

Our trip took us from Istanbul, down the west coast and then inland to Cappadocia. Turkey in the springtime was lush and green. One highlight of the trip was the unusual landscape of Cappadocia. Several of us took an early morning balloon ride to view the unique formations. It was a very private tour just three of us with our guide and driver. We ate our meals together and had many delightful conversations.

My husband and I booked this tour without any real expectations. From the moment we booked the tour, our guide Fazli, communicated with us via e-mail about our arrival flight and interests. Upon arrival to Turkey, Fazli was at the airport waiting for us. He called the driver and we were immediately picked up in a Mercedes Benz 10 passenger vehicle…

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Cappadocia Tour Packages: Everything You Need to Know

If you're planning a trip to Turkey, Cappadocia should be at the top of your list. This magical region is home to unique landscapes, ancient cultural sites, and unforgettable experiences. One of the best ways to explore Cappadocia is through private tour packages . In this post, we'll cover everything you need to know about private Cappadocia tours .

Private Cappadocia tour packages offer personalized itineraries for travelers. These tours allow visitors to explore the region's unique landscapes and cultural sites at their own pace. Private tours often include a knowledgeable guide who can provide insight into the history and significance of Cappadocia's landmarks. Booking a private tour can also provide added convenience, such as hotel pick-up and drop-off and customizable schedules.

If you're traveling from Istanbul, there are many Cappadocia tour package options available. Most tours include round-trip transportation from Istanbul to Cappadocia, as well as accommodations in the region. Some packages also include meals and entrance fees for popular attractions like Göreme Open Air Museum and Derinkuyu Underground City.

One of the main reasons why you should visit Cappadocia is its unique landscape. The region is known for its "fairy chimneys," towering rock formations that have been shaped by wind and water over thousands of years. Visitors can hike through these formations or take hot air balloon rides for breathtaking views from above.

In addition to its natural wonders, Cappadocia is also home to many ancient cultural sites. The Göreme Open Air Museum features stunning frescoes inside cave churches dating back to the 10th century. The Kaymakli Underground City offers a glimpse into how early Christians lived in hiding during times of persecution.

When planning your trip to Cappadocia , it's important to consider the best time to visit. The region experiences extreme temperatures throughout the year, with hot summers and cold winters. The best time to visit is during the spring or fall when temperatures are milder and crowds are smaller.

Getting to Cappadocia can be a bit of a challenge, but there are several options available. The most popular way to get there is by flying into Kayseri or Nevşehir airport and then taking a shuttle bus or taxi to your hotel.

Best Cappadocia Tour Packages for 2023/2024

Top 5 cappadocia tour packages for 2023/2024, 1. cappadocia hot air balloon ride and underground city tour.

This tour package is perfect for those who want to experience the breathtaking views of Cappadocia from a hot air balloon and explore the fascinating underground city. The package includes a one-hour hot air balloon ride, an underground city tour, hotel pick-up and drop-off, breakfast, and insurance. Exclusions are personal expenses and gratuities. Prices start at $300 per person.

2. Cappadocia Green Tour with Goreme Open Air Museum

For nature lovers, this tour package offers a full-day excursion to the stunning landscapes of Cappadocia including Pigeon Valley, Derinkuyu Underground City, Ihlara Valley, Selime Monastery, and Goreme Open Air Museum. The package includes hotel pick-up and drop-off, lunch at a local restaurant, entrance fees to attractions mentioned in the itinerary, transportation by air-conditioned vehicle with a professional driver/guide. Prices start at $90 per person.

3. Private Full-Day Cappadocia Tour with Guide

If you prefer a more personalized experience, this private full-day tour is ideal for you. Y ou can customize your itinerary based on your interests and preferences while being accompanied by an expert guide who will share their knowledge about the history and culture of the region. The package includes hotel pick-up and drop-off in an air-conditioned vehicle with a driver/guide who speaks English or other languages upon request. Prices start at $420 per group (up to 4 people).

4. Cappadocia Horseback Riding Tour

Explore the unique landscapes of Cappadocia on horseback with this tour package that takes you through valleys, fairy chimneys, and cave dwellings while enjoying panoramic views of the region. The package includes hotel pick-up and drop-off, horseback riding for 2 hours, and insurance. Exclusions are personal expenses and gratuities. Prices start at $60 per person.

5. Cappadocia Jeep Safari Tour

For adventure seekers, this jeep safari tour is a must-do experience in Cappadocia. You will explore the hidden corners of the region while driving through off-road tracks with a professional driver/guide who knows the area well. The package includes hotel pick-up and drop-off, transportation by open-top jeep, lunch at a local restaurant, and insurance. Prices start at $100 per person.

Best Time to Book the Tour Packages for Maximum Savings

The best time to book these tour packages is during the low season from November to March when prices are lower than in peak season (April to October). Booking in advance also helps you save money as some companies offer early bird discounts or special promotions for online bookings.

Tips for Choosing the Right Tour Package for Your Needs

When choosing a tour package in Cappadocia, consider your interests, budget, and preferred mode of transportation. Do you prefer a private or group tour? Are you interested in history or nature? Do you want to explore on foot or by vehicle? Answering these questions will help you narrow down your options and find the perfect tour package that suits your needs.

Tour Cappadocia from Istanbul

If you are coming from Istanbul, there are several ways to get to Cappadocia. The easiest way is by taking a domestic flight from Istanbul's airports (Atatürk or Sabiha Gökçen) directly to Kayseri or Nevşehir airports. From there, it is a short drive (around 1 hour) to reach the center of Cappadocia where most tours begin.

Tour Cappadocia Pamukkale Ephesus

Cappadocia is often combined with other popular destinations in Turkey such as Pamukkale and Ephesus. There are several multi-day tours that cover all three locations in one trip. These tours usually start in Istanbul and include transportation between cities as well as accommodations.

What To Do In Cappadocia In 1 Day

If you only have one day in Cappadocia, it is recommended that you take a full-day sightseeing tour such as the Red Tour mentioned above. This will give you a chance to see the most famous sights in the region without feeling rushed.

Where To Stay In Cappadocia

There are several towns in Cappadocia where visitors can stay, including Göreme, Ürgüp, and Uçhisar. Göreme is the most popular town for tourists due to its central location and abundance of hotels, restaurants, and shops. Uçhisar is a quieter option with fewer amenities but offers stunning views of the surrounding landscape.

Hot Air Balloon Rides in Cappadocia

Cappadocia balloon rides: a unique and breathtaking experience.

Cappadocia is a unique travel destination in Turkey that offers a range of exciting activities for tourists to enjoy. One of the most popular experiences that visitors can enjoy in Cappadocia is a hot air balloon ride. This activity provides an opportunity to witness the stunning beauty of the region's fairy chimneys from above, while enjoying beautiful sunsets.

Tips for Choosing the Right Cappadocia Tour Package

As you plan your next adventure to Cappadocia, choosing the right tour package can be overwhelming. With so many options available, it's important to consider your interests and preferences to ensure a memorable experience. Here are some tips to help you choose the perfect tour package for your trip :

Determine Your Interests: Before booking a tour package, consider what activities and sights interest you most. Do you want to explore underground cities? Take a hot air balloon ride over fairy chimneys? Go on an ATV or jeep safari adventure? Knowing what you want to see and do will help narrow down your options.

Check Reviews: Look for reviews from previous travelers who have taken similar tours. This can give you insight into the quality of the tour company, guide, and overall experience. Be sure to read both positive and negative reviews before making a decision.

Compare Prices: While price shouldn't be the only factor in choosing a tour package, it's important to compare prices among different companies offering similar tours. Keep in mind that cheaper doesn't always mean better quality, but also don't assume that more expensive is always better.

Consider Group Size: Some tours may have large groups while others may offer smaller group sizes for a more personalized experience. Think about what type of atmosphere you prefer and how much interaction you want with other travelers.

Look for Customizable Options: If none of the pre-packaged tours seem like the perfect fit for you, look for companies that offer customizable options where you can tailor the itinerary to your specific interests.

By following these tips, you'll be well on your way to finding the perfect Cappadocia tour package for your next adventure. Whether you're interested in history, adventure, or relaxation, there's a tour out there that will meet your needs and exceed your expectations. So start planning today and get ready for an unforgettable experience in one of Turkey's most beautiful regions!

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Cappadocia Tours 2023

• on 26/09/2021

Table of Contents

Get ready for a brand new experience with Cappadocia Tour 2023 ! Cappadocia, one of the most beautiful locations formed by natural events, is an important region that protects its place in the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage list with the valley structures and fairy chimneys that emerged with the lava sprayed by the volcanic mountains. These natural wonders, which you can see on the Cappadocia tour , are the work of the legacy left to today’s people from the Assyrians to the Hittites, from Rome and Byzantium.

The cave houses in the fairy chimneys, which started with the formation of nature and revealed with human touches, turn into stylish, impressive, and luxurious rooms for Cappadocia tour visitors. Choosing a cruise between the magnificent valleys and the Cappadocia hot air balloon show is quite impressive.

Tourists, who want to relax, have fun and participate in different activities throughout the year, get their fill of art, local tastes, sports, and entertainment with the Cappadocia tour. Cappadocia is located in Turkey with its underground cities, and the most beautiful view of the sky where the sun rises.

It is possible to participate in the tours organized within the scope of the Cappadocia tour 2023  program. Depending on how many days you will allocate for this trip, Cappadocia tour routes and places to visit are determined. Tour programs, on the other hand, make the most efficient planning for you according to the number of days you will stay. The time you will spend here as part of the Cappadocia tour is designed so that you can cross out every possible item on the to-do list.

What is Waiting For You in Cappadocia Tour?

Cappadocia hot balloon tour is one of the most famous alternatives within the scope of the Cappadocia tour , with the content of the tour changing according to the number of days you will stay. These days include historical tours, nature walks, trekking tours , workshop tours, and local flavor tastings.

The Cappadocia tour has a systematic content to see every possible feature of the region, to watch the natural landscapes unique to the region, and to visit historical places. Cappadocia tours, which offer an ideal guide especially for those going to Cappadocia for the first time, allow you to get to know the region. Offering the most extraordinary experiences you can expect from a trip, Cappadocia is a gift package designed for sports, entertainment, excitement, and gastronomy enthusiasts.

The number of days you can spare for the Cappadocia tour is important for planning the activities you will attend. The few days you will spend in Cappadocia, apart from the standard excursion program, also allow you to participate in extra activities. For those visiting Cappadocia for the first time, Goreme Open Air Museum, Guvercinlik Valley, Cavusin Castle, and Ask Valley are the valleys and structures where you can see the most beautiful views of the region.

Exciting Cappadocia Tour

The Cappadocia tour, which appeals to both your taste, eyes, and your imagination, allows you to do sightseeing tours and watch the sunrise with extraordinary vehicles. If you wish, you can explore the region by renting ATV vehicles or camel rides. These tours are generally made depending on the weather conditions. Seasonal conditions are important for those who want to do climbing, nature sports, and balloon tours .

Green Cappadocia Tour

As with all tour packages on a route, you will be from your hotel in the morning to join the Cappadocia Green Tour program. This tour generally takes about 9-10 hours.

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Cappadocia Tour Reservation

To have a wonderful tour of Cappadocia, you need to either come to Cappadocia on a tour or join daily tours in Cappadocia. It is possible to have a private tour with your family by hiring a private vehicle and guide. You can find information about tours in Cappadocia on our page. To make a reservation, you can contact us and experience unforgettable moments with the best Cappadocia tour.

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15-day 5-star tour of Cappadocia

The world’s most enchanting fairy tale landscape, konya – cappadocia – göreme – monks valley – underground cities – historic silk road.

Travel with one of Europe’s biggest cultural tour organisers! Look forward to an exciting 5-star tour through the world’s most enchanting imaginary scenery: Cappadocia. In addition to breathtaking landscapes, there are numerous cultural highlights to be experienced. Enjoy visits to World Heritage Sites including Cappadocia, Göreme and Mönchstal, and a whole week of rest and relaxation awaits you in the 5-star luxury hotel FREE.

Following a trip through the towering Taurus Mountains , it’s on to Konya to explore the monastery of a thousand whirling dervishes (admission included) before continuing on to Göreme . Over millennia, volcanic eruptions, wind and weather have created a timeless landscape with captivating tuff formations. The open-air museum in Göreme (admission included) is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and, with its numerous cloisters, cave churches and wall paintings, is the highlight of any trip to Cappadocia . Before descending down into the subterranean towns , you will first be introduced to a magical world in the Valley of the Monks . Unique rock formations and constantly changing colour patterns will be imprinted in your memory forever. Then it’s off for a trek down the historic silk road , lined with numerous mediaeval caravanserais along the way.

The 5-star cultural tour then concludes in Antalya, from where you will be taken to your 5 star luxury hotel on the Turkish Riviera . Here you can relax and allow yourself to be spoiled by all of the hotel’s wonderful amenities.

Please note that the number of participants is limited. Secure yourself a place on this hugely popular tour today!

Our Cappadocia trip is currently no longer available

A new travel highlight is our 15-day, 4-star trip to Croatia & Montenegro

Discover the 4 most famous World Heritage sites on the Adriatic Coast from just £ 249¹ instead of £ 1,249¹ per person.

30+ Best Things To Do In Cappadocia: The Comprehensive Travel Guide

Co-Founder of The Turkey Traveler. Globetrotter, Adventurer, and Frequent Traveler to Turkey!

This website uses affiliate links. For more information, click here .

If you’re not sure what to do in Cappadocia, then you’ve come to the right place.

Cappadocia is one of our favorite destinations in Turkey because of how much there is to see and explore. From the iconic fairy chimneys to the surreal hot air balloon rides and epic rock-cut churches, there are plenty of things to do in Cappadocia, Turkey.

As the home of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Goreme National Park , this region of Central Anatolia is filled with stunning historical and natural wonders, and if you haven’t been to Cappadocia before, it can be a hard task narrowing down what attractions to add to your to-do list.

That is why we have written this comprehensive guide to the best tourist attractions in Cappadocia, so you can see the best of this region.

We’ve included some of the best attractions, as well as some hidden gems, so you can explore beyond the typical tourist.

We have also included essential information such as where to stay, where to eat, and more so you can have everything you need for your visit!

Planning a trip to Cappadocia last-minute?

Make sure you book your tours, places to stay, and airport transfers ahead of time to ensure availability!

Here is our recommended airport transfer in Cappadocia:

• Airport Shuttle From Nevsehir Airport (NAV) or Kayseri Airport (ASR) (Super affordable!)

Here are our recommended tours in Cappadocia:

• Hot Air Balloon Flight In Cappadocia At Sunrise (A must-do In Cappadocia)
• ATV Tours At Sunset
• Green Tour In Cappadocia (Perfect for those not renting a car!)

Here are our recommended places to stay in Cappadocia:

• Koza Cave Hotel (Amazing views and great photo opportunities)
• Museum Hotel (Most luxurious hotel in Cappadocia)
• Kamelya Cave Hostel (Budget hostel with cave rooms!)

Best Things To Do In Cappadocia Turkey

1. explore cappadocia from above on a hot air balloon ride.

Perhaps the biggest attraction in Cappadocia is the opportunity to go on one of the hot air balloons and float through the sky during sunrise. There is no better way to appreciate the unique landscape of Cappadocia than to see it from above.

Visitors can see the unique rock formations that Cappadocia is known for. From the phallic fairy chimneys of Love Valley to the ancient rock-cut churches that dot the valley, everything is within your eye’s reach.

Riding one of the hot air balloons is the best way to appreciate the scale of this region. When you see the rock formations all over the valley, you’ll realize how special this place is.

The hot air balloon ride in Cappadocia is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity and a bucket list item that should not be missed.

📚 Read More: The Complete Guide To Hot Air Balloons In Cappadocia

2. Watch The Hot Air Balloons At Sunrise

If you have several days in Cappadocia , consider waking up early one morning to see the hot air balloons at sunrise. Riding on one of them is an amazing experience, but seeing them at sunrise from one of the viewpoints in Cappadocia is equally breathtaking.

There are many places to see the sunrise in Cappadocia . The best views are a little bit further from town, but you can also just go to the terrace of your Cappadocia hotel to see the hot air balloons glide above you.

We recommend finding a viewpoint that faces east because that’s the direction the sun rises. The sun slowly rising and illuminating all the features of the valley is an incredible sight. If you are a photographer, don’t miss out on this opportunity.

3. Explore The Goreme Open-Air Museum and Its Rock Churches

Without a doubt, the best museum in Cappadocia is the Goreme Open-Air Museum. It was one of the first three sites in Cappadocia that was included in the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Goreme National Park.

The most iconic feature of the Goreme Open-Air Museum is the numerous rock-cut churches, many of which contain original frescoes from the 10th to 12th centuries during the Byzantine and Roman era.

Though the Goreme Open-Air Museum dates back much older than that, it is the monastic settlement during this period that has made it one of the most popular sights in Cappadocia today.

One of the most well-preserved churches in the Goreme Open-Air Museum is the Dark Church. Because little light enters this dark cave, the frescoes are still vibrant and detailed. Visitors can admire frescoes depicting biblical scenes as well as the vaulted ceilings carved into the cave.

The best part about visiting Goreme Open-Air Museum is that it is within walking distance from the town center of Goreme!

4. Explore The Zelve Open-Air Museum

There are debates as to which open-air museum in Cappadocia is better – Goreme Open-Air Museum or Zelve Open-Air Museum . Our word of advice is to visit both as they are drastically different.

Unlike the Goreme Open-Air Museum, the one in Zelve is spread out into 3 valleys. Altogether, the three valleys used to make up the settlement that was called Zelve. Matter of fact, these valleys were inhabited until 1952, when the Turkish government relocated the residents due to the unsafe structural stabilities of the cave houses.

Historically, the Zelve Monastery was home to both Christians and Muslims. It was a place where they lived harmoniously. As you explore the valleys, you’ll find both mosques and churches that were once used.

You won’t find any religious frescoes here as you would at Goreme Open-Air Museum, but you’ll find tons of cave dwellings, cool fairy chimneys, and several churches that were dedicated to different parts of daily life.

5. Stay In A Cave Hotel

Thanks to the unique geological properties of the soft volcanic rock formations in Cappadocia, troglodytes carved cave dwellings out of them. While the majority of them are no longer inhabited, the tradition of living in caves has not died out.

Nowadays, travelers can experience a part of that history by staying in one of the many cave hotels in Cappadocia . These cave hotels are an upgrade from the more primitive kind, and feature modern luxuries such as free WiFi, private bathrooms, cozy decor, and comfortable amenities.

Cave hotels have natural insulation, which means they provide warmth in the cold winter of Cappadocia and coolness in hot summers.

We recommend Goreme Cave Lodge , which not only has authentic cave rooms, but a gorgeous outdoor area with a pool. It also has a terrace for relaxing and just admiring the views of Goreme after a long day.

6. Go Below The Surface at Derinkuyu Underground City

One of the most interesting places to visit in Cappadocia is the underground cities. They are truly a primitive engineering achievement as many of these underground cities are over several levels deep.

Thanks to the soft volcanic tuff of the region, early settlers (the Phrygians) in the 8th to 7th BCE were able to dig into them to create entire underground cities.

The biggest of which is the Derinkuyu Underground City . Derinkuyu Underground City didn’t really take its current form until the Pyygrians died out and Romans and Byzantines inhabited them.

In the underground city, you can find stables, cellars, storage rooms, chapels and more. However, its most iconic feature is the barrel-vaulted ceiling which indicates that the room was most likely used as a religious school.

There are a total of 8 excavated floors in Derinkuyu, extending a total of 85 meters deep. Experts estimate that there might be a total of 18 floors in total, but more work needs to be done. The underground city was capable of housing 20,000 people inside!

7. Explore Kaymakli Underground City

Though Derinkuyu is the largest underground city, it certainly isn’t the oldest. The oldest one is believed to be Kaymakli Underground City , just a little over 9 km north of Derinkuyu.

Though situated 9 kilometers away from each other, archaeologists have discovered underground tunnels that connect one city to another. In fact, there are over 200 underground cities in Cappadocia, and most of them are connected through underground pathways.

Kaymakli is a little smaller in size compared to Derinkyuyu, Only 4 of the floors are available for tourists to visit, but the complex is much deeper than that.

Its most iconic feature is the clever use of a deep ventilation shaft that keeps the underground city with good air circulation. Some believed that the ventilation shaft could be a well in the past.

At Kaymakli Underground City, visitors can find a massive millstone door that acted as a defense for the inhabitants. The caves were used as a hiding place for many of its residents in the past, and their design could sustain life for many months.

Here you’ll find places such as a stable, bathrooms, kitchen, storage spaces, and more! The underground cities in Cappadocia are proper cities!

📚Read More: Which Is Better? Kaymakli or Derinkuyu Underground City?

8. See Panoramic Views from Uchisar Castle

If you’re not sure what to see in Cappadocia, then Uchisar Castle is a great all-round attraction; it offers history, panoramic views, and is just a stone’s throw from the main town of Goreme.

Rising 60 meters above the ground, Uchisar Castle is the highest point in Cappadocia.

Historically, due to its stature, Uchisar Castle was used as a lookout spot and fortification. When the people saw that invaders were approaching, they would simply go inside the castle, close the doors, and be safe.

Consequently, this Turkish landmark attracted more people coming to seek refuge. The new settlers started carving out more of the volcanic tuff to create living spaces inside.

However, the castle could only hold so many people at once, so many had to settle outside the castle. This eventually formed the small town of Uchisar that you see today.

Though no longer a landmark for fortification purposes, Uchisar Castle still attracts plenty of travelers. Because of its height, visitors can get an epic panoramic view of Cappadocia and the Goreme National Park. It is one of the must-see places in Cappadocia, especially during sunset!

📚 Read More: Best Sunrise Cappadocia Hot Air Balloon Tours You Can’t Miss!

9. Watch Whirling Dervishes

If you’re looking for a more spiritual experience, then watching the Whirling Dervishes is a must. The Whirling Dervishes are part of the Sufi tradition and they are known to induce a trance-like state that leads to divine inspiration, or “ecstatic trances” for the performers.

The ceremony starts with the recitation of devotional Islamic prayer and then the dervishes start to spin. There are three sections to the dance, so they whirl around for about 10 to 15 minutes each time.

For many of them, this is a way to connect with God and achieve a state of inner peace. The experience can be quite powerful, even if you’re not religious.

There are plenty of places where you can watch the Whirling Dervishes in Cappadocia. However, if you want to see it in an atmospheric setting, then I suggest watching it at the 13th-century Saruhan Caravanserai near Avanos. It is one of the best things to do in Cappadocia at night.

10. Catch The Sunset At Goreme Sunset Point (Lover’s Hill)

Perhaps one of the best things to do in Cappadocia is watching the sun set over the lunar-like landscape. There are many places to do so, but none is as easy to get to as Goreme Sunset Point, also known as Lover’s Hill.

This sunset location is situated right about the town of Goreme, and it takes visitors no more than 15 minutes to arrive on foot from anywhere in town.

From Lover’s Hill, visitors can see as far as Uchisar Castle, which looks so beautiful with the sun setting next to it. There is also a platform for visitors to take an iconic photo with Goreme town as the background.

Goreme Sunset Point has a few restaurants and tea shops where you can sit and enjoy the view with Turkish Tea in hand. However, it is one of the windiest places we’ve been to in Cappaodic and the sand can get overbearing.

11. Check Out The Pottery In Avanos

One of the most hidden attractions in Cappadocia is the pottery scene in Avanos.

The pottery here has a long history, dating all the way back to the Hittite period, around 2,000 BCE. The clay used to make the pottery comes from the Red River (Kızılırmak), which runs through Avanos.

The pottery-making tradition has been passed down from generation to generation, and today, there are many pottery shops in Avanos where you can watch the potters at work. When you walk down the street of Avanos, you might see some of the master craftsmen still practicing their pottery skills in their family-owned business.

Some of the pottery shops also offer free pottery-making sessions, perfect for travelers that like an interactive experience when traveling in Cappadocia. Without a doubt, pottery from Avanos is the perfect souvenir to remember your Cappadocia trip.

But beware of the tourist traps in Avanos. Many of the pottery is now mass-produced in factoriesto mimic the work of the skilled potters. If you are not sure how to look for a good properly handcrafted piece of work, then make sure you find someone that can help you with it!

12. Explore Salt Lake Tuz

Situated over 160 km (99 mi) from Goreme is one of the best hidden gems in Cappadocia – Salt Lake Tuz (or Tuz Golu in Turkish).

This lake is actually the second-largest salt lake in Turkey and it’s one of the few hypersaline lakes in the world. Because of the high salt concentration of the water, it is home to hardly any living organism.

One of the things that survive in the salt lake is algae. These algae are responsible for turning the salt lake pink, which creates a beautiful scenery.

However, in the summer months when Cappadocia is dry, most of the water evaporates and leaves nothing but a bed of salt, so if you are visiting during the dry months (June and July) then you might want to skip this one as you won’t see a beautiful pink lake as you hoped.

If you’re visiting during Spring, Autumn or Winter, there are a few places where you’ll still find water, but you should know that it’s not guaranteed and you might not have the best pink lake experience you were hoping for.

The truth is, due to global warming, this lake is pretty much dried up now. Even when there is water, the lake only turns pink during the presence of algae, which is not all the time.

Because there are no tours that go to the Salt Lake in Cappadocia, it is difficult to get there. Your best bet is renting a car in Cappadocia or hiring a taxi driver for a day to take a day trip.

We’d personally only add this to your itinerary if you’re a photographer, or if you want to see the damning effects of climate change!

13. Visit Monks Valley

There are many cool valleys in Cappadocia , and one of the most unique ones is the Pasabag Valley , or Monks Valley in English. This valley is known for its unique fairy chimneys with double to triple mushroom heads.

The most interesting part of the valley is that some of the fairy chimneys have been turned into dwellings by monks and hermits, which is how the valley has gotten its name.

The caves were first inhabited by St. Simeon from Aleppo in the 5th century. Eventually, more and more monks followed in this footsteps and came to Monks Valley to escape from the world and live a simple life in nature.

Nowadays, the caves are no longer inhabited but you can still explore them! Just be careful with going in and out as some of the rooms are very high and might require a bit of climbing!

14. Try Pottery Kebab

One of the most iconic Turkish dishes you can try in Cappadocia is Pottery Kebab, or Testi Kebab in Turkish.

This Anatolian delicacy is usually made with lamb, beef or chicken with vegetables such as onions garlic, and potatoes. The ingredients are put inside a clay pot, which is then sealed with bread dough.

The whole pot is then cooked over a tandoor for hours so the flavor of the ingredients comes out. But pottery kebab isn’t just an experience for your taste buds. When served, the server must crack open the pottery kebab with a hammer to unleash the deliciousness within. Some of the restaurants in Cappadocia don’t serve them this way, and that is how you know it is not traditional.

It takes several hours to prepare this traditional Cappadocia dish, so you can’t just show up at a restaurant demanding one. You must make a reservation beforehand.

Two of the best places to try Testi Kebab in Cappadocia are Kapadokya Kebapzade and Dibek . They are both situated in the city center of Goreme so they’re most likely going to be within walking distance from your accommodation!

15. Explore St. John the Baptist Chapel at Cavusin Castle

One of the best free things to do in Cappadocia is to explore Cavusin Castle, an epic rock formation that rises above the village of Cavusin.

The Cavusin Castle is home to St. John the Baptist Chapel, which is one of the largest cave churches in Cappadocia. Unfortunately, most of the Cavusin Castle has been heavily eroded, which means that it might not be the safest place to visit. There is a bridge that allows visitors to get to the chapel, but it is quite damaged.

If you are looking for something adventurous and off-the-beaten path, Cavusin Castle is the perfect place. Here you’ll find what an old monastic settlement would look like if it wasn’t well-preserved – faded frescoes, litter, graffiti, and more.

16. Be Amazed By Chez Galip Hair Museum

Perhaps there is no attraction in Cappadocia more unusual than the Chez Galip Hair Museum in Avanos. This museum is exactly what it sounds like, a museum dedicated to hair, women’s hair. It is estimated that there are over 16,000 locks of hair in the museum.

The museum all started when the owner of a pottery shop, Galip Körükçü, was given a lock of her friend’s hair as a memento when she moved out. This story moved a lot of over women that stopped in the area, and many of them started to give some of their hair to Galip Körükçü.

Eventually, he opened up a museum dedicating the hair of women. Nowadays, women still come to donate their hair, but that is because they have a chance to win an all-expense-paid trip to Cappadocia.

When visiting the Chez Galip Hair Museum, make sure you check out the pottery shop that accompanies it.

17. Take Selfies at Devrent Valley

Devrent Valley , also known as Imagination Valley, is a place in Cappadocia filled with unique fairy chimneys. These rock formations have been carved out over time by erosion, and they look like different animals or objects.

The most notable one is the camel-shaped rock at the entrance of the valley. But as you walk around, you might find a dolphin-shaped rock, snail-shaped rock, and more! It is one of the best places to get a photo to remember your visit to Cappadocia!

Getting to Devrent Valley can be quite challenging since it is hard to get there via public transport. The best offer is to either get a taxi or take the red tour, which has Devrent Valley as one of the stops.

18. Go Carpet Shopping at Galerie Ikman

View this post on Instagram A post shared by SALIM BUFTHEIM | INDONESIAN (@theexoticman)

If you’re scrolling on social media to find inspiration for the best places to visit in Cappadocia, then you’ll likely find some beautiful shots of travel influencers in a carpet shop, with Turkish rugs hanging from the walls, stacked in piles, and covering the floors.

This is Galerie Ikman, the most photographed shop in Cappadocia (if not all of Turkey). It was once a hidden gem, but word got out!

In fact, it’s so famous for Instagram photos, that you have to pay a small entrance fee to visit the shop just to take photos.

If you buy a carpet, then you don’t have to pay an entrance fee.

Although touristy, it’s one of the highlights of any visit to Cappadocia since you can come away with unique photographs and a possible souvenir.

The staff here are very knowledgeable and can tell you the symbolism and meaning behind the patterns on the carpets, as well as how they are made.

Best Hikes In Cappadocia

Because of Cappadocia’s beautiful landscape, one of the best activities is to go hiking. There are many amazing hiking trails in the area that takes you up close to some rock-cut churches, pigeon homes, cave dwellings, epic fairy chimneys, and more. We have created a complete list of the best hikes in Cappadocia here .

Here are some of our favorite ones:

1. Rose Valley

• Distance:  ~4.3 kilometers (2.67 mi)
• Duration:  1.5 hours of hiking
• Difficulty:  Medium

If there is one hike to do in Cappadocia, it is Rose Valley . On the hiking trail, visitors will come across some of the most stunning characteristics of the Goreme National Park. Hikers will see a total of three rock-cut churches, including the Crusader Church with its beautiful frescoes and the Column Church with its beautiful architecture.

Besides the historical values of the sites on this trail, Rose Valley hike offers stunning vistas with amazing views. The most popular one is at the end of the trail, which is the Red Valley Sunset Viewpoint. It is one of the most popular spots to watch the sunset in Cappadocia .

However, this trail can be a little bit difficult because there is a section that is very steep. You might want to reconsider this trail if you have mobility issues.

2. Red Valley

• Distance:  ~3.3 kilometers (2.05 mi) one-way
• Duration:  1 to 1.5 hours of hiking, but allot extra time for photos
• Difficulty: Medium

Red Valley is one of the most iconic hikes in Cappadocia. It earned its name from the rock formations that would have a red glow at sunset. The Red valley runs adjacent to the Rose Valley until they connect at the Red Valley Sunset Viewpoint.

As a result, we recommend you combine Rose Valley and Red valley to create a hiking loop. This way you don’t have to return the same way you came and can explore more along the trail.

The Red Valley doesn’t have as many cave churches as Rose Valley, but there are plenty of cool-looking fairy chimneys along the way. There is also a tea garden also the way where visitors can rest and have a refreshing drink before they continue hiking!

3. Pigeon Valley

• Distance:  ~3 kilometers (1.86 mi)
• Duration:  1 hour
• Difficulty:  Easy to Medium

If you are looking for an easy hike in Cappadocia, then check out Pigeon Valley . This valley connects Uchisar with Goreme, meaning that visitors don’t need to drive to the trailhead if they are staying in either of those towns.

As the name suggests, Pigeon Valley is known for its Pigeon houses (dovecotes). Historically, pigeons were treasured in this region of Cappadocia because their droppings were used as fertilizer. That is why you will see many pigeon houses carved into the cliffs along this valley.

Pigeon Valley is a great option for those who are short on time or are not looking for a strenuous hike. It has beautiful views of the surrounding landscape and is relatively flat compared to some of the other hikes in Cappadocia!

4. Ihlara Valley

• Distance:  ~10.5 kilometers (6.52 mi), but can shorten or lengthen depending on your preference.
• Duration:  3 to 4 hours of hiking
• Difficulty:  Medium to Difficult

If you want to do some proper hiking in Cappadocia, then Ihlara Valley might be the perfect place for you.

The Ihlara Valley hike takes you through a canyon with towering walls on either side. The trail follows along Melendiz River which flows through the valley. You will come across many Byzantine cave churches and dwellings along the way that was carved into the canyon walls.

This hike can be as long or short as you want it to be since many different trails branch off the main path. However, we recommend starting at Ihlara Village and finishing at Selime so you can see the Selime Monastery.

But if you don’t want to hike for that long, you can start at Ihlara Village and finish at Belisirma Village, where you can have a meal at one of its iconic floating restaurants.

5. Love Valley And White Valley

• Distance:  ~ 7.5 kilometers (4.66 mi)
• Duration:  2 to 2.5 hours

Perhaps one of the most famous hiking trails in Cappadocia is the Love Valley and White Valley. Love Valley earned its name from the numerous phallic fairy chimneys that inhabit the valley. Though they might sound gimmicky, those fairy chimneys are some of the most prominent and impressive ones we’ve seen in Cappadocia.

Meanwhile, the White Valley gets its name from the type of rock that gives the valley a white hue. These two valleys are connected and a popular hike for hiking from Goreme to Uchisar or vice versa.

Along this hike, you are blessed with stunning landscapes and natural rock tunnels for exploring!

6. Zemi Valley Loop

• Distance:  3.2 km (2 mi)
• Duration:  1 hour
• Difficulty:  Easy

If you are traveling in Cappadocia with kids or elders and want to explore some of the outdoors, consider the Zemi Valley Loop. This is one of the easiest hikes in Cappadocia and hikers are blessed with some really amazing fairy chimneys along the way.

Some refer to the Zemi Valley as a mini Love Valley, thanks to some of the phallic fairy chimneys in the Zemi Valley too. Unfortunately, visitors won’t find any cave churches or pigeon homes, but the rock formations alone are enough to leave you amazed!

7. Hidden Church Hike

• Distance:  ~ 1.2 km (0.74 mi)
• Duration:  <30 minutes

There are many cave churches in the region of Cappadocia and unfortunately, not all of them are protected and well-preserved, such as the hidden church.

This is a cave church that you won’t find in any guidebooks because it is so hidden. Thanks to some of the friendly locals we met, we were able to visit this beautiful hidden church in Cappadocia.

Because it is not preserved, you won’t find any spectacular fresco or cool architecture. Matter of fact, many of the columns of the church have broken off, and that is exactly why we liked it so much. It showed what would happen if nature reclaimed what’s hers.

It is a short hike and there are no signs on the trail, so if you want more information, shoot us a message!

Tours In Cappadocia

If you are not sure what to do in Cappadocia, there are plenty of tours that showcase some of the region’s best sights without you having to do any planning. Though we aren’t big fans of them because we like to travel slowly and explore some of the sites extensively, they are a good option for those with a short stay.

Here are the tours we recommend in Cappadocia.

1. Red Tour

The red tour is one of the two most popular tours in Cappadocia, as it allows visitors to see plenty of the sights in the area in a shorter amount of time. Here are the stops on the Red Tour:

• Uchisar Castle
• Goreme Open Air Museum
• Avanos Town (Pottery Workshop)
• Pasabag Monks Valley
• Devrent Imagination Valley

We love the red tour because it takes you to some of our favorite tourist attractions in Cappadocia such as the Goreme Open-Air Museum and Uchisar Castle. But it might not be the best in terms of value-for-money since many of these places are within a short walk from Goreme. Still, it’s great if you only have 1 to 2 days in Cappadocia and don’t want to do any planning.

2. Green Tour

The green tour is another very popular tour in Cappadocia. Similar to the red tour, it showcases some of the region’s best sights. Here are the stops on the Green Tour:

• Esentepe Viewpoint
• Derinkuyu Underground City
• Ihlara Valley
• Belisirma Village
• Selime Monastery
• Onyx Jewelry Factory

The green tour is known as the southern tour of Cappadocia since it focuses on attractions in the southern part of this region. The green tour is much better value-for-money than the red tour since a lot of the attractions are situated further from town, and visitors could spend ages or lots of money trying to get to them by themselves.

Some of the most notable attractions on the green tour are the Ihlara Valley and Derinkuyu Underground City.

📚Read More: Which Is Better? Red Tour or Green Tour In Cappadocia

3. Blue Tour

If you are looking to visit more of the less popular attractions in Cappadocia, then the Blue Tour might be the one for you. Here are the stops on the Blue Tour:

• Red And Rose Valley Viewpoint
• Ozkonak Underground City
• Pigeon Valley

Note that different tour companies might offer a different itinerary for the blue tour. The one listed above is the most common. Seeing some of the hidden gems in the region is cool, but we don’t recommend this tour unless you are staying a long time in Cappadocia and running out of things to do.

Make sure you check out our complete review of the Blue Tour before going!

4. ATV Tour

If you are looking for adventurous things to do in Cappadocia, then you must try the ATV tour. Zip through the valleys at high speed on an all-terrain vehicle, and explore Cappadocia in a way that few have experienced it.

The ATV tour is one of the most popular activities in Cappadocia, and for good reason. It is an adrenaline-pumping experience that is perfect for those looking for a little thrill.

Just be sure to wear closed-toe shoes and long pants to avoid getting scraped up.

5. Horseback Riding Tours

If hiking the valleys in Cappadocia is too demanding, then consider exploring them on horseback.

Cappadocia is believed to be called “land of beautiful horses” and throughout the region, you’ll find plenty of stables and horse farms that offer an enjoyable ride.

The tours are led by what people call “Turkish cowboys” and most of them are locals that have grown up in Cappadocia.

Not only do you get to explore the beautiful valleys, but you’ll learn a lot from your Turkish cowboy!

6. Winery Tours

As if there aren’t enough reasons to visit Cappadocia ! The region is also home to some of Turkey’s best wineries.

Matter of fact, the practice of wine-making has been taking place here for a long time. Thanks to the excellent grapes and fertile soil (thanks to the pigeon droppings), the wine in Cappadocia is some of the best in Turkey.

And visitors can experience a part of that tradition through one of the many wineries tours in Cappadocia.

These tours will take you through the vineyards where you learn about the wine-making process. And of course, you get to sample tons of different types of wine in the process!

Alternatively, you can visit some of the popular wine cellars in Goreme, such as Red Red Wine House , which is the most popular wine bar in town.

Map Of The Best Attractions In Cappadocia?

Above is an interactive map filled with all of the best things to do in Cappadocia we mentioned. This map does not include all the tours because there are plenty of tour agencies in town that can assist you with that.

This map is great when planning your day-to-day activities in Cappadocia. Knowing how far the attractions are from one another is going to help you plan the perfect itinerary.

Next to the name of the map, you’ll find a small star where you can click and save this map to your personal Google Maps. This way, you can use it when you are in Cappadocia to get to places you would like to go.

Where To Stay In Cappadocia Turkey

Cappadocia spans around 5,000 square kilometers and there are numerous towns where visitors can stay. It is important that you pick a good place to stay otherwise all the tourist attractions might be situated very far away.

The best town to stay in Cappadocia is no doubt Goreme – the historic center of the Goreme National Park. In Goreme, you’ll find tons of tourist-friendly amenities, such as tour companies, restaurants, hotels, and more!

Here are some of the accommodations in Goreme we recommend!

Best Hostel In Goreme – Kamelya Cave Hostel

For budget travelers and backpackers, there is no better hostel to stay in Cappadocia than Kamelya Cave Hostel. They offer dormitory-style cave rooms so even people without a high budget can experience what it’s like sleeping in a traditional cave room.

The hostel also offers free breakfast every morning on their balcony, where guests can drink a nice Turkish Tea (cay) as they admire the landscape. The hostel also has its own roof terrace, perfect for relaxing after a long day or watching the hot air balloons at sunrise!

Best Hotel In Goreme – Henna Hotel

If you are looking for a hotel that just oozes Central Anatolian charm, then Henna Hotel is perfect for you. The common areas and rooms of this cave hotel in Goreme are decorated with traditional Turkish elements. You’ll find nice Turkish rugs and common Anatolian symbols all across the accommodation.

But perhaps the most outstanding amenity of this hotel is the terrace. Not only does it offer sweeping views of Cappadocia, but it is tastefully decorated for the perfect photo-taking opportunity. If you want to get a nice photo for Instagram or just your social media, Henna Hotel is where you need to stay!

How To Get To Cappadocia

Getting to Cappadocia is quite easy, as there are tons of long-distance buses in Turkey and there are two airports in Cappadocia – Nevsehir Kapadokya Airport (NAV) and Kayseri Erkilet Airport (ASR).

Flights to Cappadocia

Nevsehir Kapadokya Airport (NAV) is the closer of the two airports to Goreme, the historic center of the region. However, flights are usually more expensive and come only from Istanbul. That means even if you are coming from Antalya, you’ll have to do a layover in Istanbul.

Kayseri Erkilet Airport (ASR) is an international airport that serves many destinations in Turkey as well as several European cities. The airport is situated outside of the Goreme National Park, and it takes about 1-hour to get to Goreme.

However, the prices of the flights to Kayseri Airport are usually cheaper and there are more availabilities. Plus, if you get a pre-arranged transfer ahead of time, you don’t have to deal with the taxi drivers that are going to scam you.

Buses to Cappadocia

For budget travelers, one of the long-distance buses to Cappadocia is perfect. There are many tour companies to choose from, such as Metro, KamilKoc, and more. From our experience, all the long-distance buses offer similar quality and comfort.

But you must decide whether you want to take a night bus or a night bus. Most of the popular destinations in Turkey are over an 8-hour drive from Cappadocia. Istanbul is over a 10-hour bus journey from Cappadocia, Antalya is over 9 hours away by bus, and going from Pamukkale to Cappadocia can take over 11 hours.

Try not to take a bus that arrives in the middle of the night because you might not be able to get to your accommodation until early morning.

We recommend checking out the bus schedule here before deciding on which bus to get!

How To Get Around Cappadocia

One of the most frequent questions we get asked is “How do you get around Cappadocia?” Is there public transportation or do you have to rely on taxis and private transport?

Luckily, there is public transport in Cappadocia, but it certainly isn’t the best. Visitors can go from Goreme to Nevsehir and Avanos pretty easily, but to get to places that are a little far out of town (like Ihlara Valley), public transportation simply won’t get you there.

To put it in perspective, we visited Derinkuyu Underground City using public transportation, and it took us 2 hours of commuting, 2 buses, and a whole lot of Google Translate with locals. With a taxi, it would’ve taken 35 minutes! It took 4 times as much time to use public transportation than a taxi.

For that reason, if you are not traveling on a budget in Cappadocia , it might be better to arrange a deal with a driver to take you to some of the places to visit in Cappadocia.

Best Time to Visit Cappadocia

The best time to visit Cappadocia is generally the fall, or the months of September or October. Not only is the crowd slightly smaller than the crowd in the summer months, but the weather is more tolerable.

Because Cappadocia is a desert, the temperatures become excruciatingly hot in the middle of the day, limiting what tourists can see and do. The heat and strong sun during the summer are some of the biggest dangers in Cappadocia , so tourists must be aware.

But in September and October, the mid-day temperature isn’t as hot, so you can go hiking, explore the open-air museums, or just go strolling around town.

The precipitation is also fairly low in the fall season, which means the hot air balloon tours won’t get interrupted frequently.

For hot air balloons, the best time to visit Cappadocia is in the summer. This is when the mornings are the warmest and the hot air balloons are least likely going to get canceled.

Visiting Cappadocia FAQs

How many days to spend in cappadocia .

It is recommended that you spend at least 3 full days in Cappadocia. This way you have enough time to visit some of the best tourist attractions, go on a hot air balloon, and do a hike. Four days is also not a bad duration to stay in Cappadocia, especially if you want a higher chance of getting on a hot air balloon as they might not operate every day.

Is the Cappadocia Museum Pass Worth Getting?

Cappadocia Museum Pass is a 3-day pass that offers free access to 8 museums in Cappadocia. At the moment, it sells for 400 TL. It is worth buying if you intend on going to the majority of the attractions. Even if you don’t go to all three underground cities (who would?), you can still get a good deal with the Cappadocia Museum Pass. Find out more about it here.

Is Cappadocia Expensive?

As the value of the Turkish Lira continues to decrease, Cappadocia is becoming more and more affordable. Budget travelers can get by with a daily budget of about 35 to 40 USD.

But if you want to splurge and live luxuriously in Cappadocia, there are plenty of options to do so. The sky is the limit when it comes to how much you want to spend in Cappadocia, but you can also have a cheap visit if you wish.

Before You Go

This concludes our guide on the best things to do in Cappadocia, and as you can see, there is so much to see and do!

Whether you’re into hiking, history, or taking to the skies in a hot air balloon, there can be no doubt that Cappadocia offers quite the adventure.

Hopefully, not only have we helped you discover some of the best Cappadocia attractions, but you have learned a whole lot about planning your Turkey itinerary !

Co-Founder of The Turkey Traveler

Sean Lau is a professional travel blogger and writer with adoration for Turkey. Originally from the USA, Sean frequently travels to Turkey to explore every nook and cranny. From bustling bazaars of Istanbul to the tranquil beaches of Antalya, Sean has seen it all. He hopes to share his first-hand knowledge, insider insights, and personal anecdotes to inspire fellow travelers to visit Turkey, especially to his favorite destinations – Istanbul and Cappadocia.

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Cappadocia in August 2023: What to Do, What to See and How to Pack

If you're planning a magical escape to Cappadocia , August is the perfect time to explore this captivating region. Cappadocia, located in central Turkey, is a land of otherworldly landscapes, ancient cave dwellings, and breathtaking hot air balloon rides. In August, the weather in Cappadocia is pleasant, with comfortable temperatures ranging from 12°C to 30°C. It's an ideal time to immerse yourself in the beauty of this unique destination without any negative weather-related worries.

As you plan your visit to the captivating landscapes of Cappadocia in August, make sure to enhance your experience with the Cappadocia Travel Pass®! This all-in-one pass unlocks the door to 35+ amazing attractions and services , ensuring you make the most of your time in this magical region. From exhilarating hot air balloon rides over the mesmerizing fairy chimneys to exploring ancient underground cities and picturesque valleys, the Cappadocia Travel Pass® offers exclusive access and significant savings on your adventures. Don't miss this opportunity to create unforgettable memories in Cappadocia with the Cappadocia Travel Pass® . Get ready for an extraordinary August filled with enchanting experiences!

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Child(5-12), order total, weather in august in cappadocia.

In Cappadocia, August brings comfortable and warm weather, making it an ideal time to explore this enchanting region. The average temperatures during August range from a low of 12°C (54°F) in the early mornings to a high of around 30°C (86°F) during the day. This pleasant weather allows you to enjoy various outdoor activities without feeling overwhelmed by extreme heat.

While August might see a few rainy days, they are infrequent and usually not more than three days throughout the month. Overall, the weather in Cappadocia in August is perfect for sightseeing, hiking, and experiencing the region's natural wonders, such as stunning rock formations and captivating landscapes.

It's worth noting that August is a popular tourist season, so you can expect to encounter a larger crowd of visitors. However, this also means that you'll have the opportunity to partake in various festivals and events that take place during this time, adding to the vibrancy and charm of your Cappadocia adventure .

What to Pack for Travelling Cappadocia in August

When preparing for your unforgettable journey to Cappadocia in August, it's essential to pack wisely to ensure a comfortable and enjoyable experience. Here's a comprehensive guide on what to bring for your travels:

1. Lightweight Clothing: As August in Cappadocia can be warm, pack lightweight and breathable clothing to stay cool during your outdoor explorations. T-shirts, shorts, skirts, and dresses are great choices. Don't forget a light jacket or shawl for the cooler evenings and early mornings.

2. Sun Protection: The sun can be intense during the day, so pack sunscreen with a high SPF rating to protect your skin from harmful UV rays. A wide-brimmed hat and sunglasses will also shield you from the sun while adding a touch of style to your outfits.

3. Comfortable Footwear: Opt for comfortable walking shoes or sandals with good support, as you'll likely be exploring rocky terrains and ancient sites. Also, consider bringing a pair of closed-toe shoes for activities like cave tours and hiking.

4. Swimwear: If your accommodation has a pool or if you plan to visit a thermal spa, having swimwear is a must. Some hotels also have rooftop terraces with hot tubs or pools, perfect for relaxing after a day of sightseeing.

5. Reusable Water Bottle: Staying hydrated is crucial, especially in warm weather. Bring a reusable water bottle to fill up throughout the day, as many hotels and restaurants offer water stations to help reduce plastic waste.

6. Camera and Binoculars: Cappadocia offers stunning landscapes and unique experiences. Capture the memories with a good camera or smartphone with excellent photo capabilities. Additionally, if you plan to enjoy hot air balloon rides, binoculars can enhance your bird's-eye view of the breathtaking scenery.

7. Daypack or Backpack: A comfortable daypack or small backpack is convenient for carrying essentials during your daily excursions. It'll come in handy for storing items like water, sunscreen, a camera, and a light jacket.

8. Power Adapter:   Europlug Type C and Type F are used in Turkey. Type C has two round pins, while Type F has two round pins with two earth clips on the side. Make sure your travel adapter is suitable for these plug types.

9. First Aid Kit: Carry a basic first aid kit with essentials like adhesive bandages, pain relievers, antiseptic wipes, and any necessary prescription medications.

10. Personal Toiletries: Don't forget your personal care items like shampoo, conditioner, toothbrush, toothpaste, and other toiletries. While you can find many of these items in local stores, having your preferred products will add to your comfort.

11. Travel Documents: Ensure you have all your travel documents, including your passport, visa (if required), flight tickets, hotel reservations, and any other necessary paperwork.

12. Light Rain Jacket or Umbrella: Although August generally has pleasant weather, a light rain jacket or a small travel umbrella may come in handy during the occasional brief rain showers.

By packing smartly and planning ahead, you'll be fully prepared to embrace the wonders of Cappadocia in August. This magical journey will leave you with cherished memories of an extraordinary destination that captivates the heart and soul.

What to Do in Cappadocia in August 2023

Cappadocia, with its surreal landscapes and rich history, offers a plethora of attractions to explore during August. Here are some must-visit places and activities that will make your trip to Cappadocia an unforgettable experience:

1. Hot Air Balloon Ride: Start your adventure with a breathtaking hot air balloon ride over Cappadocia's stunning valleys and fairy-tale chimneys. The early morning sunrise flights provide a magical experience as the balloons soar above the unique rock formations. Check here for the discounted hot air balloon ride in Cappadocia !

2. Göreme Open-Air Museum: Discover the fascinating Göreme Open-Air Museum, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This historical complex features rock-cut churches and monasteries dating back to the 10th century, adorned with well-preserved frescoes depicting biblical scenes. FREE with your Pass !

3. Love Valley: Embark on a scenic hike through Love Valley , named for its phallic-shaped rock formations. Enjoy panoramic views of the captivating landscape as you explore this iconic valley.

4. Derinkuyu Underground City: Delve into the depths of history by exploring the underground cities of Cappadocia. The Derinkuyu Underground City is one of the largest and most impressive, offering a glimpse into the ancient life of early Christians who sought refuge in these subterranean dwellings. You don't need entrance tickets, with your Pass entrance to Derinkuyu is completely FREE!

5. Pigeon Valley: Take a leisurely stroll through Pigeon Valley, known for its pigeon houses carved into the cliffs. Enjoy the picturesque scenery and learn about the significance of pigeons in Cappadocia's agricultural history. Read more about Pigeon Valley from our blog post . 

6. Uchisar Castle: Visit Uchisar Castle , the highest point in Cappadocia, offering breathtaking panoramic views of the entire region. Explore the castle's tunnels and rooms carved into the rock, showcasing ancient architectural marvels.

7. Pasabag (Monks Valley): Pasabag is famous for its fairy chimneys with multiple caps and impressive shapes. Take a walk through this captivating valley and learn about the legends associated with its unique formations. Visit Paşabağ for FREE with your Pass!

8. Zelve Open-Air Museum: Explore the Zelve Open-Air Museum, an abandoned cave village with rock-cut churches and dwellings. The site provides a fascinating glimpse into the troglodyte lifestyle of the past. Zelve and its wonders are FREE for Pass holders !

9. Pottery Workshops: Engage in a pottery-making workshop to experience a traditional Cappadocian craft. Learn from skilled artisans and create your own unique pottery piece to take home as a souvenir. Read more about Avanos and its unique pottery culture here: Famous Pottery of Cappadocia: Avanos and its Famous Red Clay .

10. Hiking and Nature Walks: Cappadocia boasts numerous hiking trails that lead you through the stunning valleys and rock formations. Discover hidden gems and enjoy the tranquility of nature.

11. Turkish Night Show: Immerse yourself in Turkish culture by attending a lively Turkish Night Show. Indulge in traditional cuisine, watch belly dancers, and enjoy folk music and performances. The Best Night Show of Cappadocia is FREE with your Pass!

12. Wine Tasting: Explore the Cappadocian wineries and savor the region's unique wines. The volcanic soil contributes to the distinct flavors of the local grape varieties. Want to taste the best homemade wines in the region? Click here to discover the best winery!

These are just a few of the many attractions and activities that await you in Cappadocia during August . Whether you're interested in history, nature, or cultural experiences, Cappadocia promises to captivate and leave you with cherished memories of a truly remarkable journey.

Tips About Visiting Cappadocia in August

Visiting Cappadocia in August can be an incredible experience, but it's essential to be prepared for the warm weather and increased tourist activity. Here are some helpful tips to make the most of your trip:

1. Book Accommodations and Flights in Advance: August is a peak tourist season in Cappadocia, so it's advisable to book your accommodations and flights well in advance to secure the best options and avoid disappointment.

2. Pack Light and Breathable Clothing: As the weather can get hot during the day, pack lightweight and breathable clothing to stay comfortable. Don't forget to bring a light jacket or shawl for the cooler evenings and early mornings.

3. Stay Hydrated: Carry a reusable water bottle with you and stay hydrated, especially during outdoor activities and sightseeing. The heat can be intense, so drinking plenty of water is essential.

4. Wake Up Early for Hot Air Balloons: If you plan to experience a hot air balloon ride, wake up early to catch the sunrise flight. Balloon rides are a popular activity, and the early morning flights offer the best weather conditions and mesmerizing views.

5. Sun Protection: Protect yourself from the sun by wearing sunscreen, a wide-brimmed hat, and sunglasses. The sun can be intense, so proper sun protection is crucial.

6. Explore Early or Late in the Day: To avoid the crowds and the heat, consider exploring popular attractions early in the morning or later in the afternoon. This way, you can enjoy a more relaxed experience.

7. Barter and Haggle: When shopping in local markets or interacting with vendors, embrace the cultural experience of bartering and haggling over prices. It can be a fun way to get good deals on souvenirs and gifts.

8. Respect the Environment and Heritage: Cappadocia is home to historical and natural wonders, so be mindful of your surroundings and avoid littering. Additionally, follow any rules and regulations in protected areas to preserve the region's beauty.

9. Try Traditional Cuisine: Indulge in delicious Turkish cuisine, such as kebabs, baklava, and Turkish delight. Don't miss the opportunity to taste Cappadocia's unique wines, too, as the region has a burgeoning wine culture.

10. Stay Flexible: While planning ahead is essential, also be open to being flexible with your itinerary. Sometimes, spontaneous discoveries can lead to the most memorable experiences.

11. Learn Some Basic Turkish Phrases: Learning a few basic Turkish phrases can go a long way in making connections with locals and showing your appreciation for their culture.

12. Enjoy the Festivals: August in Cappadocia is full of festivals and events. Embrace the lively atmosphere and participate in the local celebrations to immerse yourself in the vibrant culture.

Follow our tips and you'll have an enjoyable and enriching experience in Cappadocia, soaking in the mesmerizing landscapes and cultural wonders of this extraordinary destination.

Ultimate Pass for Cappadocia: Cappadocia Travel Pass®

Experience Cappadocia in August like never before with the Cappadocia Travel Pass®! This comprehensive pass grants you access to over 35 captivating attractions and services , ensuring you make the most of your summer visit to this magical region. Whether you're soaring above the fairy chimneys in a hot air balloon at sunrise, exploring ancient underground cities, or indulging in delightful local cuisine, the Cappadocia Travel Pass® provides exclusive opportunities to immerse yourself in the unique beauty and culture of this enchanting destination. Plus, with significant savings of up to 70% off regular ticket prices, you can indulge in even more experiences while staying within your budget. Don't miss this chance to unlock unforgettable memories and create an extraordinary August in Cappadocia with the Cappadocia Travel Pass®!

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the weather like in cappadocia in august.

August in Cappadocia offers comfortable temperatures between 12°C and 30°C, making it perfect for outdoor activities. It is a very dry region in summer.

Is August a good time to visit Cappadocia?

Yes. Despite being peak tourist season, August boasts vibrant festivals and ideal weather for exploring. Can be very hot and dry for people with health problems.

What attractions should I visit in Cappadocia?

Don't miss the Göreme Open-Air Museum, hot air balloon rides, Uchisar Castle, and the captivating Love Valley.

How can I beat the crowds in Cappadocia in August?

Opt for early morning or late afternoon visits to popular attractions for a more tranquil experience.

What should I pack for August in Cappadocia?

Pack light clothing, sun protection, comfortable shoes, and a camera to capture the breathtaking landscapes.

Is Cappadocia safe to visit in August?

Yes, Cappadocia is a safe place for tourists. Exercise caution, follow local guidelines, and stay aware of your surroundings.

Can I explore underground cities in August?

Yes, many underground cities, like Derinkuyu, are open year-round for exploration.

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How a Russian Operative Worked to Shape Moscow’s Story in Europe

(Bloomberg) -- A Russian intelligence operative who’s leading a Kremlin disinformation campaign in Africa has helped run influence operations in Europe for years, according to documents seen by Bloomberg and government officials familiar with the matter.

Artem Kureyev, identified as a Russian Federal Security Service agent in an Estonian court case in 2022, has had frequent contacts with at least half a dozen European journalists, arranged and covered travel costs for some of them to visit occupied territories in Ukraine, and at times appears to have offered to pay for planted news articles, the documents show.

On other occasions he has adopted more subtle methods to try to sway coverage, by arranging interviews, flagging and debating topics in the news or organizing press events.

The Group of Seven nations and the European Union have made combating Russian disinformation and influence operations a top priority ahead of a leaders’ summit in Italy this month. Those efforts have included publicly exposing Russian campaigns and methods, sanctioning outlets and individuals, and coordinating responses to Moscow’s actions, as well as striving to prevent disinformation spreading on major technology platforms.

Still, countering such disinformation campaigns isn’t easy as they’re aimed at sowing confusion and doubt in target audiences rather than convincing people of a particular set of facts, in order to polarise societies on issues such as migration, war or the West’s relations with the rest of the world. 

The documents provide deep insight into the operations and methods of one Russian intelligence operative involved in influence campaigns in Europe. There will be many others like him running similar operations across the continent and elsewhere.

The US State Department in February called out Russia’s intelligence services for providing material support and guidance to a new information agency called “ African Initiative .” It said the project spread “deadly disinformation” about the US and Europe, including on a mosquito-borne viral disease outbreak in an attempt to undermine public health programs.

It named Kureyev as the initiative’s chief editor and said the project had also recruited members from the “disintegrating enterprises” of the late Wagner mercenary group leader Yevgeny Prigozhin, who died in a plane crash last year.

The Federal Security Service, known as the FSB, and African Initiative didn’t respond to requests to comment on Kureyev. 

Kureyev was also named by The Insider investigative website in January as a contact of a Latvian lawmaker in the outgoing European Parliament, Tatjana Zdanoka, that the outlet accused of cooperating with Russian intelligence. Zdanoka, who didn’t run in the weekend’s European Parliament elections, denied the allegations in a Facebook statement . Her office said in an email that Zdanoka saw Kureyev once in Brussels at an event in the European Parliament but beyond that she doesn’t known anything further about him.

The Kremlin denies Russia is engaged in disinformation campaigns in Europe. Putin’s spokesman, Dmitry Peskov, in January dismissed espionage accusations against Zdanoka as a “witch hunt” comparable to the McCarthyism era in the US in the 1950s. “How many people were arrested and thrown into prison on charges of having relations with communists or the KGB?” he told reporters. “This is the same thing.”

One of the authors of The Insider’s story, ex-Bellingcat reporter Christo Grozev, claimed last year that a journalist from North Macedonia called Darko Todorovski had received payments to get stories published in Bulgaria.

A Russian document seen by Bloomberg indicates that Kureyev had agreed to pay Todorovski 300 euros for articles in two publications. It’s not known if or when such payments were made.

Todorovski said he took part in three visits to military zones in Ukraine organized for journalists by Russia’s Defense Ministry. He knew Kureyev through these press tours as someone with a media company who’d been “collaborating with many journalists from different countries, including the West,” he said Monday in emailed answers to questions.

Todorovski said articles he wrote about these visits were published in Bulgaria, though he denied Grozev’s allegation about payments. “Statements without evidence that I received money and instructions are not serious,” he said.

According to the documents, correspondence between the two men from 2021 to 2023 includes instructions for distributing and finding articles in Russian and English translations on fringe websites such as londonnewstime.com and veteranstoday.com, as well as hotel bookings made by Kureyev for two of Todorovski’s stays in Russia in April last year. 

Todorovski said he had an invitation at the time to take part in TV programs about Asia “and there was a conference and working meeting at the university.” He added that since he takes part in many conferences and forums, he cannot know who pays for all his hotels. Todorovski said he met Kureyev in 2022, in Russia.

Some of the exchanges echo the techniques of a typical pro-Russian propaganda campaign, which often include fabricated news stories planted on fringe websites and then amplified through social media posts or picked up by state media outlets.

One European government official said Kureyev and Todorovksi were last year involved in working on a website called “antibellingcat,” dedicated to discrediting the investigative outlet. 

Todorovski said he left the project a year ago and he believed it was no longer active.

The European official, who asked not to be identified because the information is sensitive, said Kureyev has had contact with Russia’s GRU military intelligence about some aspects of his European influence operations. The GRU didn’t respond to a request to comment.

Separate documents show that Kureyev booked and paid the flights for a group of journalists to visit Crimea in 2023, long after Russia’s full-scale war on Ukraine had begun. Russia seized Crimea in 2014, prompting international sanctions in response.

Kureyev has been in contact with other reporters since Russia’s February 2022 invasion of Ukraine and for years prior to that.

Documents indicate that he and another intelligence officer met separately with at least one reporter from an EU member state in Russia, Turkey and elsewhere. On at least two occasions, in August 2019 and in March 2022, the journalist’s Russian contacts covered the travel costs. 

Though many of these discussions relate to news coverage, such as facilitating interviews or arranging trips to Russian-occupied areas of Ukraine, the documents don’t provide evidence that any of these journalists’ work is directed or funded by Moscow.

In 2021, Kureyev was in contact with journalists and intermediaries as part of a plan to engage the press in European nations around Russia’s chairmanship of the Arctic Council, according to some of the documents. One of the intermediaries reached out to several local journalists in a Nordic country but it’s not clear if any of them replied.

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Inside the Chechen units helping to fight Russia’s war

GROZNY, Chechen Republic — A hulking military transport plane roared onto the tarmac at the main airfield in Grozny, the capital of the Chechen Republic in southeastern Russia, and a group of 120 volunteer fighters heading for Ukraine clambered aboard.

Dressed in camouflage, the newly minted troops had just completed at least 10 days of training in Gudermes, near Grozny, at the Special Forces University, which accepts men from across Russia for general military instruction.

Some of the trainees lacked any combat experience. Others were veterans returning to Ukraine for their second or third tour — including former mercenaries from the Wagner militia, disbanded in 2023 after a short-lived mutiny against the Kremlin.

Some Wagner fighters, chafing at the idea of working for the Russian Defense Ministry, instead transferred whole units to the Chechen-trained forces, known as Akhmat battalions, intended in part to absorb fighters from outside the Russian army. Wagner veterans were often first recruited from prison, including a lean man with a gold front tooth, identified only by his military call sign, “Jedi,” because of the potential for retribution.

“Go for your Fatherland? What kind of Fatherland? It kept me in prison all my life,” said Jedi, 39, a construction laborer who was convicted of robbery and fraud. In and out of jail since 14, he had six months left on a six-year sentence when he signed up.

“The volunteers go for the money,” he said. “I have yet to meet anyone here for the ideology.” He also wanted a clean slate, he said.

Fat signing bonuses plus payments of about $2,000 per month, at least double the average wage in Russia, have spurred recruitment.

The training near Grozny highlights the evolution of ethnic loyalties that is manifest in this war. Some of those now training there were last in Chechnya as young conscripts for the Russian army, fighting against Chechens who were part of the separatist movement.

The participation of some Chechens represents another inversion of history: After hundreds of years of enmity with Russia, Chechens were deploying to Ukraine to fight Moscow’s war.

The separatist movement of the 1990s culminated in two brutal wars against Moscow that lasted intermittently for more than a decade. The city of Grozny was flattened, and tens of thousands of Chechens died.

Ramzan Kadyrov, the authoritarian leader of Chechnya, has taken an aggressive stance toward Ukraine since Russia invaded the country in February 2022. Chechen forces have claimed an instrumental role in some key battles, including the siege of Mariupol early in the war.

But Kadyrov has faced accusations that he has refrained from sending his fighters full-bore into the fight, with Chechens dying in fewer numbers than soldiers from other minority areas. Sparing his fighters keeps intact his private militia, the core of the security forces that ensure his rule in Chechnya.

Instead, Kadyrov has tried to underscore his loyalty to President Vladimir Putin of Russia by pouring resources into this military training center. The regimen consists of live fire exercises with artillery, some mining and demining instruction and first aid.

The various Akhmat battalions were named, like so much in Chechnya, after Kadyrov’s father, Akhmat Kadyrov, who switched sides to join Moscow in the separatist struggle and was then assassinated in 2004.

Russia has recruited troops for its war effort wherever it could find them, seeking to minimize the need for a draft. In 2022, it lifted an almost blanket ban on Chechens serving in the Russian military, fallout from the separatist movement.

Of the group being dispatched to Ukraine in the fall from the tarmac in Grozny, many were in their 30s and 40s, and fewer than 10 were Chechens. Despite Jedi’s claims, money is not the sole motivation.

Some fled troubled domestic lives. Others wanted to escape daily drudgery. Some, of course, profess to be fighting out of patriotism. Many of the men agreed to talk on the condition that they be identified by only their first names or military call signs for fear of retribution.

Anatoly, 24, was among 10 men who volunteered together from a small farming village high in the mountains in the picturesque, south-central Altai region. “My father forced me to shovel snow, to work, to clear out the dung from the cows,” he said. “I ran away from this work to do something else. Every year is the same.” He admitted that the money was an incentive, too.

Another rural worker, a 45-year-old shepherd who uses the call sign “Masyanya,” traveled about 4,500 kilometers from the Republic of Khakassia for the training. “I’m going to defend my motherland, so the war doesn’t come here,” he said.

The contract with the Akhmat battalion lasts only four months, a big incentive when compared with the open-ended deployments for regular soldiers.

In the fall, Ramzan Kadyrov formed a new unit, the Sheikh Mansour battalion, named after an 18th-century imam who fought against the Russian Empire. The soldiers are all Chechens or from the small, neighboring republics in the mountainous Caucasus region, and are mostly in their 20s. Chechens fighting for Ukraine against Russia named their battalion after Sheikh Mansour first, and now Kadyrov is trying to reclaim the name.

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Turpal, 20, was working as a security guard for a large supermarket chain in Moscow when he got permission from his father to sign up for the new unit, saying that he wanted to fight against “those devils who are in Ukraine who want to bring their perverted ideas here.”

As he left to go back to the training center after a weekend visiting his parents, he hugged his mother and shook hands with his father. “Russia has been fighting for all its existence,” said Mayrali, Turpal’s father. “You can’t beat it. It is better for Chechnya to be with Russia than to be against Russia.”

Wagner veterans serve in the Sheikh Mansour battalion, too. A 35-year-old fighter who uses the call sign “Dikiy,” or “Wild,” said that he had served 18 months of a nearly 10-year sentence for murder when he signed up. He fought in Ukraine for 11 months, was wounded three times and still gets fierce headaches.

Back in Chechnya, he found the idea of working for $200 per month demoralizing, so he returned to the war. “I don’t know how to do anything else,” he said.

The Akhmat troops are better equipped than the regular army; unlike some regular Russian soldiers, they do not have to buy their own basic equipment.

Jedi said that when he first deployed with Wagner in Ukraine, some young men in the Russian army came running up begging for supplies, for fuel and for bread. “In Akhmat, I don’t even wash my socks. I wear them, throw them away, wear them,” he said. “The same applies to underwear and bed linen. We have everything.”

Moscow subsidizes an estimated 80% of Chechnya’s budget, though it is unclear how much goes to military training.

At the airfield, before the battalion departed, a senior officer lined up the new soldiers to wish them good luck. “Are the fighters ready?” he shouted. “Yes sir,” they barked in unison, followed by the Muslim expression “Allahu akbar!” or “God is great!” plus the Chechen war cry, “Akhmat Sila!” or “Akhmat rules!”

Once they arrived in the Donbas region of eastern Ukraine, some of the men were assigned to maintain Russian control over Bakhmut, now an abandoned husk of a city after months of fierce fighting.

The streets are deserted, especially during the day, when Ukrainian drones roam overhead, hunting for targets. On foggy days, fighters can sometimes be glimpsed walking through the rubble.

Traffic rumbles to life at night, when the wounded from battles scattered around the Bakhmut region are evacuated. The roads are littered with burned cars and ambulances.

While the war grinds relentlessly above ground, the roar of artillery and exploding shells does not penetrate far beneath the surface, where the Akhmat forces have taken over a field hospital first set up by Wagner.

The Bakhmut region was once famous for its sparkling wine, and the hospital operates in the maze of underground tunnels where tens of thousands of bottles remain stored along the walls. (The prohibition on drinking it by both Wagner and Akhmat has been largely respected.) Once a tourist attraction, the old decor is still intact; dusty plaster statues of ancient gods loom over the wounded.

The caves are wide enough to accommodate at least two vans abreast, and several times a day, vehicles ferrying the wounded and the dead navigate the darkened, fog-shrouded labyrinth. Soldiers leap from the vehicles and quickly carry their often groaning comrades on stretchers to the makeshift stabilization point.

One of the surgeons, Bulya, 34, has worked for Wagner, mostly in Africa, since 2017. On trips to Moscow, he said, people there reacted to seeing him in his fatigues like “dirt under your fingernails,” but in Chechnya, he found more respect.

As losses pile up, Bulya said that he was eager for the Russian army to make it to Kyiv, Ukraine. “I don’t need their negotiations,” he said using an expletive. “I hope that Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin will do that, that we will go to the end. We will get there.”