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What Is Seasonality In Tourism

Published: December 13, 2023

Modified: December 28, 2023

by Velvet Baumgardner

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Introduction

Welcome to the world of travel and tourism! Whether you are a seasoned traveler or someone planning your first adventure, understanding seasonality in tourism can greatly enhance your travel experiences. Seasonality refers to the fluctuations in tourist activity and demand for travel destinations based on the time of year.

When we talk about seasonality, we are referring to the concept that certain destinations experience peak and off-peak periods throughout the year. This can be influenced by a variety of factors, such as weather conditions, cultural events, school holidays, and even marketing efforts. Understanding the patterns of seasonality can help you plan your trips more efficiently, avoid crowds, and save money.

Seasonality is not only important for individual travelers, but also for businesses in the tourism industry. It impacts the profitability and sustainability of hotels, airlines, restaurants, and other travel-related businesses. By analyzing and managing seasonality, businesses can optimize their operations, provide better services, and maximize revenue.

In this article, we will explore the concept of seasonality in tourism, delve into the factors contributing to seasonality, discuss its effects on the industry, and provide strategies to manage and mitigate its impact. We will also examine some case studies that highlight the real-life implications of seasonality in popular travel destinations. So, let’s dive in and discover the fascinating world of seasonality in tourism!

Definition of Seasonality in Tourism

Seasonality in tourism refers to the pattern of fluctuating tourist activity and demand for travel destinations based on the time of year. It is the phenomenon where certain periods experience a higher influx of visitors, while other periods see a decline in tourist numbers.

Seasonality can be influenced by various factors, including weather conditions, holiday seasons, cultural events, and school breaks. These factors influence people’s travel preferences and the timing of their trips. For example, many people prefer to visit tropical destinations during the winter months to escape the cold weather, while others might opt for destinations that offer unique cultural experiences during specific festivals or events.

It is important to note that seasonality can vary significantly between different destinations and can even occur within a single destination. While some popular travel destinations may experience a predictable seasonal pattern year after year, others may have more sporadic fluctuations in visitor numbers due to specific events or promotional campaigns.

The impact of seasonality can be felt by both tourists and businesses in the tourism industry. For tourists, seasonality can affect the cost and availability of accommodations, transportation options, and the overall travel experience. It can also result in overcrowding and long queues at popular attractions during peak seasons, potentially diminishing the enjoyment of the trip.

For businesses in the tourism industry, managing seasonality is essential for maintaining consistent revenue streams and ensuring sustainability. During peak seasons, businesses may experience high demand and profitability, but they also face challenges such as increased competition, higher operating costs, and the need to provide quality services to a larger volume of visitors. Conversely, off-peak seasons can present the challenge of lower demand and limited revenue, requiring businesses to adapt their strategies and offerings to attract visitors during these periods.

Overall, understanding and effectively managing seasonality in tourism is crucial for both tourists and businesses in order to optimize travel experiences, minimize costs, and maintain a sustainable industry.

Factors Contributing to Seasonality

Seasonality in tourism is influenced by a wide range of factors that shape the patterns of visitor numbers throughout the year. These factors can be categorized into several key elements:

• Weather and Climate: One of the most significant factors contributing to seasonality is the weather and climate of a destination. Travelers often prefer to visit destinations with favorable weather conditions during their vacations. For example, beach destinations tend to be more popular during the summer months, while mountain destinations attract visitors during the winter for skiing and snowboarding activities.
• Holidays and Festivals: Holidays and festivals have a significant impact on travel patterns. Many people choose to travel during their national holidays or school breaks. For example, Christmas and New Year’s holidays are an ideal time for family vacations, and popular festivals like Oktoberfest or Carnival attract large numbers of tourists to specific destinations during certain periods.
• Seasonal Activities and Attractions: Certain activities and attractions are only available or more enjoyable during specific seasons. For example, wildlife safaris in Africa might be best during the dry season when animals gather around watering holes, or springtime in Japan is renowned for its beautiful cherry blossoms. These unique experiences attract visitors during particular times of the year, contributing to seasonality.
• Economic Factors: Economic factors, such as exchange rates, can impact travel patterns. A favorable exchange rate can make a destination more affordable for international travelers, increasing the tourist numbers during that period. Conversely, a strong currency might discourage visitors, leading to a decrease in demand during certain times.
• Promotional Campaigns: Marketing efforts and promotional campaigns can influence the seasonality of a destination. Tourism boards, airlines, hotels, and other stakeholders often run targeted marketing campaigns during specific periods to attract visitors. These campaigns can create spikes in tourist numbers during the promotional period and influence travel behavior.

It is important to note that while these factors are influential in shaping seasonality, the specific patterns can vary widely between destinations. Every destination has its own unique set of factors that contribute to their seasonal visitation patterns.

By understanding the factors that contribute to seasonality, businesses in the tourism industry can better plan their operations and marketing strategies to effectively cater to the demands of different seasons. Likewise, understanding these factors as a traveler can help you plan your trips, avoid peak crowds, and make the most of the unique experiences available during different times of the year.

Effects of Seasonality on Tourism

Seasonality in tourism can have both positive and negative effects on destinations and the tourism industry as a whole. Understanding these effects is crucial for businesses and travelers to adapt and make informed decisions. Let’s explore some of the key effects of seasonality:

• Economic Impact: Seasonality can significantly impact the economic aspects of tourism. During peak seasons, destinations experience a surge in tourist numbers, leading to increased revenue for businesses and the local economy. This can create job opportunities and stimulate economic growth. Conversely, in off-peak seasons, there is a decline in visitor numbers, resulting in a decrease in revenue for businesses and potential economic challenges for the destination.
• Service Quality: High seasonality can put pressure on businesses to meet the demands of a larger volume of visitors. This can affect the quality of services provided, as businesses may struggle to handle the increased workload. Longer wait times, overcrowded attractions, and difficulty securing accommodations can impact the overall travel experience for tourists.
• Pricing and Availability: During peak seasons, prices for accommodations, flights, and other travel services tend to increase due to high demand. The limited availability of accommodations can also result in higher prices. Conversely, in off-peak seasons, prices may be lower, and there may be more flexibility in terms of availability. This can provide an opportunity for travelers to enjoy more affordable trips and access to premium services at a lower cost.
• Environmental Impact: Seasonality can impact the environment in tourism destinations. High visitor numbers during peak seasons can put stress on natural resources, lead to increased pollution, and disrupt the local ecosystem. Sustainable tourism practices and responsible visitor behavior are essential to mitigate these impacts and ensure the long-term conservation of natural and cultural heritage.
• Community and Cultural Impact: Seasonality can influence the local communities and cultural dynamics in tourism destinations. In some cases, communities may heavily rely on tourism as a source of income, and the fluctuations in visitor numbers can significantly impact their livelihoods. Some destinations may experience cultural and social changes during high seasons, with an influx of visitors bringing both positive and negative impacts on local traditions and way of life.

Overall, the effects of seasonality on tourism are multi-faceted and can vary depending on the destination and specific circumstances. The key is to strike a balance that maximizes the positive impacts while mitigating the negative effects. By understanding the effects of seasonality, destinations and businesses can develop strategies to manage and adapt to fluctuations in tourist numbers, ensuring a sustainable and enjoyable travel experience for all.

Strategies to Manage Seasonality

Managing seasonality in tourism is crucial for destinations and businesses to optimize their operations, provide consistent services, and ensure a sustainable industry. Here are some effective strategies that can be employed to manage and mitigate the effects of seasonality:

• Diversify Tourism Products: Destinations can develop and promote a diverse range of tourism products to attract visitors during off-peak seasons. This can include creating new attractions, organizing events, and offering unique experiences that are available year-round. By providing a variety of activities and attractions, destinations can encourage tourists to visit outside of the traditional peak seasons.
• Promote Shoulder Seasons: Shoulder seasons refer to the periods just before or after the peak season. Promoting travel during these shoulder seasons can help spread the visitor numbers more evenly throughout the year. Offering incentives such as discounted rates or special packages during these periods can entice travelers to visit during less crowded times.
• Targeted Marketing and Promotion: Destinations can implement targeted marketing and promotion campaigns to attract visitors during off-peak seasons. This can involve marketing campaigns in specific regions or countries, highlighting unique experiences available during those periods, and offering special deals or discounts. By effectively communicating the benefits of visiting during off-peak seasons, destinations can encourage more balanced visitation patterns.
• Collaborate with Stakeholders: Collaboration between tourism stakeholders is essential in managing seasonality. By working together, businesses can create joint promotions, share resources, and develop packages that encourage visitors to explore different attractions and activities within the destination. Cooperation between accommodation providers, tour operators, and local attractions can help distribute the visitor flow more evenly throughout the year.
• Infrastructure and Capacity Development: Improving infrastructure and enhancing the capacity of tourism facilities can help destinations handle the influx of visitors during peak seasons. This includes expanding transportation options, upgrading accommodations, and developing tourist infrastructure in less crowded areas. By increasing the capacity to accommodate visitors, destinations can manage the seasonality more effectively.

It is important to note that managing seasonality requires a long-term perspective and consistent efforts. Continuous monitoring and analysis of visitor patterns, feedback from tourists, and collaboration between stakeholders are essential for implementing effective management strategies.

By employing these strategies, destinations can maximize their potential as year-round tourism hotspots, provide better experiences for visitors, generate sustainable revenue streams, and minimize the negative impacts of seasonality on the local economy and environment.

Case Studies on Seasonality in Tourism

Let’s take a look at some real-life case studies that exemplify the impact of seasonality on popular travel destinations:

• Bali, Indonesia: Bali is known for its stunning beaches, lush landscapes, and vibrant culture, making it a sought-after destination for travelers worldwide. However, Bali experiences significant seasonality, with a peak season from June to August and during the Christmas and New Year period. During these months, the island is bustling with tourists, resulting in higher prices for accommodations and crowded attractions. To combat seasonality, Bali has been promoting its shoulder seasons, particularly in the months of April and September, by offering attractive deals and packages to encourage visitors during these less crowded times.
• Whistler, Canada: Whistler, located in British Columbia, Canada, is a renowned ski resort and outdoor adventure destination. Skiing and snowboarding enthusiasts flock to Whistler during the winter months, creating a high season for the destination. However, the summer months experience a significant drop in visitor numbers. To manage seasonality, Whistler has expanded its outdoor activities, such as mountain biking, hiking, and golfing, making it an attractive destination for adventure seekers year-round. Additionally, the resort offers discounted accommodation rates and packages during the off-peak seasons, enticing visitors to explore the destination outside of the winter months.
• Phuket, Thailand: Phuket is a popular beach destination in Thailand, offering pristine beaches, vibrant nightlife, and cultural attractions. The island experiences a peak season from November to March when tourists from around the world seek respite from the winter months in their home countries. During this period, Phuket witnesses a surge in visitor numbers, leading to higher prices and crowded beaches. To manage seasonality, Phuket has been promoting the “Green Season,” which falls between April and October. During this time, tourists can enjoy lower accommodation rates, fewer crowds, and still experience plenty of sunshine. Sustainable tourism practices, such as initiatives to preserve marine life and reduce plastic waste, have also been implemented to attract more visitors during the off-peak season.
• Oktoberfest, Munich: One of the most famous events in Germany, Oktoberfest in Munich, attracts millions of visitors from all over the world. This traditional beer festival takes place over 16 days, usually from late September to early October. During the festival, Munich experiences a significant increase in tourist arrivals, leading to higher demand for accommodation, long queues at beer tents, and crowded streets. To manage the influx of visitors, Munich has extended the festival to include weekends before and after the official dates, effectively spreading out the crowds and offering visitors a chance to experience Oktoberfest in a less crowded and more enjoyable environment.

These case studies highlight the various strategies destinations use to manage seasonality and balance visitor numbers throughout the year. By implementing targeted promotions, diversifying tourism products, and encouraging travel during shoulder seasons, these destinations have successfully mitigated the negative impacts of seasonality and provided tourists with better experiences.

Seasonality is a fundamental aspect of tourism that significantly impacts both travelers and businesses in the industry. Understanding and effectively managing seasonality can enhance travel experiences, optimize operations, and ensure the sustainability of destinations.

Throughout this article, we have explored the definition of seasonality in tourism, the factors contributing to its occurrence, the effects it has on destinations and businesses, and strategies to manage and mitigate its impact. We have also examined real-life case studies that demonstrate how destinations have successfully navigated seasonality through targeted marketing, diversification of tourism products, and promoting off-peak seasons.

As travelers, understanding seasonality allows us to plan our trips more strategically, avoiding peak crowds, enjoying more affordable prices during off-peak periods, and making the most of unique experiences available throughout the year. By spreading our travels across different seasons, we can support destinations in their efforts to achieve sustainable tourism growth and reduce the negative impacts of overcrowding on local communities and the environment.

For businesses in the tourism industry, managing seasonality is essential for the long-term success of their operations. By diversifying offerings, collaborating with stakeholders, and implementing targeted marketing campaigns, businesses can adapt to fluctuations in visitor numbers and optimize their revenue streams.

In conclusion, understanding and managing seasonality in tourism is crucial for the industry’s sustainability and the satisfaction of travelers. By implementing effective strategies and promoting year-round visitation, destinations can ensure a balance in tourist numbers, provide quality experiences, and maximize the benefits of tourism for all stakeholders involved.

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Tourism Seasonality

Most tourist destinations in the world are affected by the phenomenon of seasonality. Destinations with high fluctuations in seasonality often face various challenges, such as overcrowding, high prices, inadequate infrastructure in peak seasons, as well as a lack of services and job opportunities in shoulder and low seasons. Seasonality is a measurable feature with significant economic and social impacts. 

Understanding the main characteristics can help to modify its occurrence. Causes can be natural such as the seasons and related climate conditions, or institutional such as public and school holidays. Consequently, seasonality is regular and consistent and can be predictable and anticipated. This makes it more possible to mitigate. 

To measure the degree of seasonality, destinations can use specific indicators, ranging from tourist arrivals to occupancy rates. There are also indicators regarding initiatives to strengthen shoulder and low season periods, as well as measuring the level of effort designed to reduce seasonality. As seasonality is a factor in unemployment, seasonal employment and turnover of staff, indicators regarding the effects of seasonality on employment are important tools to monitor its social impact.

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High, Low, & Shoulder Seasons: What to Expect & When to Travel

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Torres del Paine National Park in Chilean Patagonia

Whether looking for the right time to tour Italy’s famous coastline or trek the renowned trails of Patagonia, the best time to see lions on the savannah or cherry blossoms in Japan, understanding what to expect during the different travel seasons can help you get exactly what you want most out of your vacation.

The time of year you travel can be essential to seeing and doing what you want, and there are good reasons to consider the benefits of travel across the different times of the year.

Learn more about what to expect during the high, low, and shoulder seasons with this helpful guide.

What is High Season?

What is shoulder season, what is low season, when should you travel, book your trip for your preferred travel season.

Positano, Italy

The high season, sometimes referred to as the peak season, is the busiest time of year for a travel destination. It often coincides with large crowds and higher rates, from hotels to transportation, and guides.

Because of the popularity of this time of year, high season is often associated with the “best time” to visit a destination. Often, it corresponds with the best weather, attracting travelers eager to enjoy a destination and activities associated with the right temperatures.

Seasonality can play a big role in your trip, depending on the type of vacation you want. For beach destinations, the high season can coincide with dry, warm weather, just like the winter can mean peak season for a ski destination known for snow, slopes, and cozy accommodations.

High season can also refer to the time when the largest number of travelers are able to visit a specific destination, rather than solely the best time to visit. For example, many families travel to Europe in summer, not necessarily because summer is the best time to visit Europe , but because it is the time when children are out of school and parents take a vacation.

Travel during the high season if the time is right for you or if there is a specific experience that takes place then. While much of Europe sees a huge influx of travelers during summer because of school breaks, Japan sees hordes of local and international tourists in spring, who arrive to view the cherry blossoms .

By focusing on your goals and interests, you can plan for the crowds or around them. This makes travel during the high season a much more pleasant experience.

Expert Tips for Discerning Travelers

Jardin de Tuileries in Paris, France

Shoulder season in travel is typically defined as the time between high and low season for a given destination. The timespan depends on the location and the popularity of travel during different seasons that can be affected by variables like the weather, festivities, and activities.

The shoulder season generally sees a lull in tourist crowds, while still edging the popular seasons to ensure open restaurants, shops, resorts, and activities. Outside of ski season, many businesses may close. Outside of beach season, islands and coastal businesses often shutter their doors. In many destinations, more travelers are visiting during the shoulder season to avoid the high-season crowds and enjoy traveling at a slower pace.

Overall, the shoulder season represents times between specific weather conditions and seasonal activities that draw travelers to specific destinations. For instance, France has a high season in summer, a shoulder season in fall, and then another high season in winter, with travelers arriving to ski in the Alps . Tanzania has a high season in the dry months from June to September, a shoulder season from October until February, and a low season during the high rains from March to May.

When traveling during shoulder season you can most often enjoy the best seasonal experiences without large crowds. Prices are often lower during shoulder season, popular destinations have more capacity, you won’t compete for a limited number of reservations, and the weather is typically pleasant.

Travelers visiting during shoulder season usually have more flexible schedules and choose to travel at a different time and pace, while looking for a more personalized experience.

Masai Mara, Kenya

The low season is also named “off-season” and is characterized by a smaller number of tourists visiting a destination. Lines are shorter, rates generally drop, and the weather may be less predictable.

The term low season is often connected to a destination’s weather, with fewer travelers visiting Kenya for safari during the rainy season or smaller international crowds traveling to Patagonia in the winter.

While the weather plays an important role, it is not the only factor in establishing the low season. Fewer flights or transportation to a destination, closed seasonal businesses, and fewer tours can also impact low-season travel.

When weather may be a deciding factor in your travel plans, such as visiting an island destination and wanting good weather for the beach, low season is often another name for the rainy season. However, “rainy season” is often inaccurate, creating a vision of endless rain that ruins a beach vacation. Destinations like Costa Rica and Tahiti are known for having rainy seasons, but even during the wet months, showers are often heavy but fast, allowing plenty of time for adventure, exploration, and relaxation.

Travel during the low season can feel like the opposite of a tour during the high season. Fewer crowds, attentive service, and more favorable pricing are compelling reasons to travel away from travel peaks. If the weather is not an important factor for your trip, the low season often offers a fantastic escape from the expected long lines, crowds, and higher prices of the high season.

The low season may also give you a more relaxing ambiance through which to discover your chosen destination. Locals are typically more welcoming to visitors during off-season travel and the smaller crowds make it easier to travel at your preferred pace, without rushing to beat large groups to a particular monument, museum, or restaurant.

in Grampians National Park in Victoria, Australia

The best time of year to travel is all about you. While the shoulder season may sound like the best time to visit Australia or India, it won’t matter if you are unable to travel during those months of the year.

You may have a list of places you wish to visit each year or perhaps you travel based on the time of year you have available. Depending on your interests, goals, needs, and expectations, you can have an incredible experience on your vacation during the high, shoulder, or low seasons.

Working with a travel specialist can give you more in-depth and local information, as well as help you plan around any foreseen challenges to ensure your best trip, no matter the season.

Himeji, Japan

Whether looking for great weather or the least crowds, finding the best time to visit a destination can make the difference between a good and a great vacation. From cultural experiences to pristine beach getaways, wine and food tours to remarkable trekking excursions, what you want to experience could directly affect when you travel.

No matter the type of experience you want, you can find more information and new insights on select destinations with our guide to the best places to travel by month .

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What Is Shoulder Season?

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When it comes to choosing what time of year to visit a resort, it pays to check out the value pricing offered during the shoulder season. Shoulder season is the period in between a destination's low and high seasons of tourism, making prices cheaper for hotels and airfare and crowds smaller at popular attractions.

Europe, the Carribean, and the United States all experience shoulder season during spring, fall, and winter when children and college students are in school. As these times of year are less busy for tourism than the summer months, during vacations, and over public holidays, prices are lowered to entice other people to travel abroad.

Many resorts offer special discount packages during shoulder season, and just because fewer people are visiting during this season doesn't mean the attractions are any less enjoyable. In fact, because of the reduced costs and crowd sizes, you're likely to even more on your vacation.

Why Shoulder Season Is a Good Value

While the pressures of supply and demand boost resort prices during the high season and holidays, when everyone wants to visit, it deflates them during the low season, which typically falls during a destination's worst weather months.

Oftentimes the shoulder season gives visitors a combination of desirable prices and weather on their trip to popular destinations. Even though there are fewer people visiting during this time of year, the attractions still offer all of the tourists' favorite amenities and features.

If you're visiting the Swiss Alps in February, for instance, there might not be a lot of events to participate in, but you can still enjoy some of the best snow of the season on the ski and snowboard slopes. However, since most schools are in session all and there aren't any international holidays in the month, destination resorts don't get as many customers so they offer discounts to try to sway guests to come in February.

Shoulder Seasons Around the World

Many properties have shoulder seasons in the spring and fall, but the dates vary. It typically depends on the specific destination, including what activities the destination is famous for offering. If you're looking for a skiing destination, warmer months of winter are the shoulder season, but if you're interested in  scuba diving , colder months like October and November are the shoulder season.

Shoulder season also depends on spring break and other special events and holidays, which are exceptions to shoulder season discounts. Countries in Europe, the Carribean, and the Americas often expect tourists during holidays like Christmas and Easter in addition to seasonal school breaks. As a result, businesses often raise prices on flights and accommodations.

Even during the shoulder season prices can vary from the weekdays to the weekend, depending upon whether the property or service is frequented by business travelers or weekend visitors. Be sure to check out your destination's website and ask the reservation manager about packages and other special offers when you call.

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5 Reasons Why ‘Shoulder Season’ Is the Best Time to Travel

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Feeling crushed by the high cost of travel ? Getting annoyed by the throngs of tourists bringing chaos to what was supposed to be a relaxing vacation? Finding that everything you want to book is already sold out?

Here’s a good way to skirt most of these challenges: Travel during “shoulder season.”

The definition of shoulder season varies by destination, but it typically means the period of time between a region’s peak season and offseason. This timespan can last months or just weeks. For instance, if a place’s peak season is summer and its offseason is winter, then the shoulder season would be spring and fall. Alternatively, a place may experience peak travel during a holiday weekend, but demand will drop off the weekend before or after — these times can also be considered shoulder season.

Here are five reasons why shoulder season is the best time to travel.

1. Expect to pay lower prices than for peak season travel

If you can travel on the days no one else wants to, you'll generally save. For example, the holiday season is typically one of the busiest times of the year to fly .

Flights averaged 57% more expensive when booked for the week of Christmas 2024 versus the last week of August (which is shoulder season in many places as kids return to school). That’s according to a NerdWallet analysis conducted in August 2024 of nearly 600 airfares taken from the most popular routes in the U.S. across nine major airlines.

2. You won't compete as much for coveted reservations

Those higher flight prices typically stem from supply and demand — which means demand is higher during peak season.

Increased interest leads to more competition across the board, whether for a hotel room at the price point you want or the chance to nab tickets to that concert. And that’s only scratching the surface. Restaurants are more likely to get filled, airplanes to fly with fewer empty seats and wait times to get longer, and the likelihood of a complimentary upgrade diminishes.

Book during shoulder season and you’ll vie with fewer folks for your top experiences.

3. You won't see as many offseason closures

While demand is high during peak season, sometimes demand drops so low during offseason that the places you want to visit aren’t even open. Boat tour operators might board up for the winter, and charming ski town cafes could close for the summer.

For example, January in Utah’s Zion National Park averages about 16% of the number of visitors that come during peak season in July, and most tourists will have a rough go. Ice forces certain trails to close, some roads become inaccessible to drivers, and the museum and services like shuttle buses aren’t available.

Instead, consider a trip during the September shoulder season, when crowds are at only about 85% of the park’s peak but most amenities are available. Plus, you’ll benefit from mild weather.

Around the world, hotels often take the offseason to do renovations, so the pool might become off-limits. Airlines typically cut back routes, so you’ll have less flexibility on what day or time you can fly.

But the shoulder season is less likely to entail such challenges. Travel before summer crowds arrive and you might be pleasantly surprised with a newly renovated hotel room. Head to the mountains just after the winter holidays to take advantage of still-snowy slopes without as many skiers on them.

4. Weather is generally pretty good

The shoulder season likely won’t bring the sweltering heat or storms that come with a region’s offseason. And in some cases, the weather during shoulder season is actually better than peak season.

Summer at Florida’s theme parks is often humid and muggy — and that’s before you add in the crowds of out-of-school kids. During shoulder season, you might forgo sunny summer days on the beach, but you’ll typically get temperate weather, not to mention a less sweaty smile in that photo with your favorite character.

Shoulder season in the Rocky Mountains might not entail the romanticism of white powder snow surrounding a cozy cabin. But, you can pack light and leave the parka at home.

5. You could more likely experience unique, local events

Tourist hot spots typically want year-round crowds, so they often host events, concerts and other festivities that don’t occur at times when crowds would be large anyway.

Theme park food festivals are among the most common shoulder season delights. Southern California theme park Knott’s Berry Farm typically hosts its annual boysenberry festival from March to April. Disney hardly has an off-season, but May is basically the shoulder season (filling the gap between spring break and summer). And May is one of the best times to visit Disney , with special events like a Star Wars-themed festival and Pixar Fest to create buzz.

Hawaii comes alive in the fall with festivals spanning multiple islands, including the annual Waikiki Ho‘olaule‘a, which is a giant block party on Oahu, and the Kauai Mokihana Festival, a weeklong celebration of Hawaiian culture.

This article was written by NerdWallet and was originally published by The Associated Press.

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What is shoulder season and why it’s the best way to travel right now

Recently updated on June 10th, 2024 at 05:22 pm

Is it time to ditch the stress of peak season travel? Planning a trip during the high season – with sky-high costs and shoulder-to-shoulder crowds – can be overwhelming, but there’s no need to abandon your wanderlust. 

Every destination has a high and low season, but the sweet spot on any travel calendar is shoulder season. These in-between months are still a prime time for tourism, and offer a fantastic alternative for anyone seeking a more enjoyable and affordable adventure.

Think of it as a time to travel when the destination breathes a sigh of relief after a busy summer vacation frenzy, or before the place gears up for the season. Often this means significantly lower costs, shorter lines at attractions, and potentially even better weather! 

Let’s dive into the magic of shoulder season travel.

What is Shoulder Season?

Shoulder season is the period of time between a destination’s peak travel season (often referred to as prime travel time or high season) and its off-season (or low season). Imagine it as the time right before and after the summer vacation rush, or the weeks leading up to peak ski season.  

Shoulder season typically falls around the change of seasons, but it differs from destination to destination, depending on what people travel for. The shoulder sweet spot commonly falls around spring (March and April) and fall (September and October) in many places across the Northern Hemisphere. But other destinations, like South East Asia, have unique seasons like dry versus rainy seasons, which shifts the shoulder season window.

7 reasons why shoulder season is the best time to visit Italy

What are considered shoulder months.

The timing of shoulder season depends on the destination, the climate, and what the main attraction there is. Most commonly spring and fall are considered the shoulder months or seasons. In the Northern Hemisphere this translates roughly to March, April and May for spring, and September and October for fall.

But shoulder season isn’t a one-size-fits-all concept. Destinations with more extreme weather, such as Kenya or Vietnam, where they have a pronounced dry season will have different and more complicated patterns that fall before and after the rainy season.

Shoulder season is essential a way to say the months that fall outside of peak season travel. That might mean visiting Greece in May, exploring Morocco in March, or going to Italy in October. Traveling outside the peak season is a more relaxed travel experience with fewer crowds and good (or potentially better) weather.

Spain, Morocco and Portugal

Why travel during shoulder season.

There are so many reasons why shoulder season is the best time to travel. You can forget the fight for beach chairs and standing in long queues at famous attractions, but perhaps best of all it is often cheaper to travel during this period also.

Save money on your trip

Shoulder season can offer significantly lower travel costs when compared to the peak season. Your flights, accommodation, and tours may be priced considerably cheaper, giving you more money for souvenirs – or to travel for longer!

TRAVEL IN SHOULDER SEASON : Look for Trafalgar deals

Smaller crowds and shorter queues

In the peak months huge crowds often take over the most popular destinations. Shoulder months offer a more relaxed and enjoyable holiday with shorter wait times for attractions and ease getting into the best restaurants.

The weather is sometimes better

Shoulder season hits that perfect middle ground of weather, avoiding any weather extremes associated with peak season. Europe is getting hotter in the summer months, so shoulder months avoid any unexpected scorching summer heatwaves, while still avoiding the bone-chilling winter cold. It’s a gamble, of course, but you may be rewarded with pleasant temperatures perfect for sightseeing and outdoor activities.

Find unique seasonal experiences 

By traveling in the in-between months you might catch other cool experiences, like stunning fall foliage in the US and Europe, or post-summer swims at uncrowded beaches in tropical locations. You might be there for the harvest festival, or discover lesser known traditional events unique.

Travel at a slower, unhurried pace

The peak season can be chaotic. You need to plan ahead, navigate busy airports, and pre-book any activities (or risk missing out!). Shoulder season allows you to experience destinations at a more holiday pace. Hopefully you’ll see a more authentic side of the place you’re visiting.

Slow down and see more on these 6 relaxed-pace Trafalgar tours

Tips for planning a shoulder season trip.

Planning a shoulder season trip can take a little bit of work as the shoulder months vary from place to place – here are some tips if you’d like to take advantage this special time of year.

• Research is key: Don’t assume that all destinations have their should seasons in the spring and fall months. Even within Europe, this will change from country to country and depend on the popularity of the place too. Do some research to pinpoint the exact shoulder months for your chosen location, then look for deals on flights and accommodation during the sweet spot.
• Pack wisely, and pack layers: To travel outside the peak season is always a weather risk. You might roll the dice and have perfect weather, or you’ll find cool days and even rain. The best idea is to pack layers you can mix and match to potential temperature fluctuations. Always pack a light jacket, sweater, and pair of trousers.
• Be flexible: Snagging those shoulder season is all about flexibility. If you have rigid dates you may not be able to take advantage of great flight deals, or tour discounts.
• Plan ahead, book ahead: While the crowds will be smaller than during the peak, popular tours or activities still have limited capacity. To get your ideal dates, lock in your activities – or Trafalgar tour – ahead of time.

Those are our tips on planning a trip during shoulder season. Do you have any ideas to add or stories to tell about traveling during shoulder months? Leave us a comment…

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Please note you do not have access to teaching notes, tourism seasonality: the causes and effects.

Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes

ISSN : 1755-4217

Article publication date: 25 August 2022

Issue publication date: 13 October 2022

The aim of the paper is to examine and analyse the thematic literature on tourism seasonality and the causes and effects thereof.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is based on a review of scientific and theoretical research by various authors on tourism seasonality, in order to systematically analyse the causes and effects of the seasonal patterns in tourism activity.

Seasonality is one of the most important features of tourism demand, and it has a significant effect on many aspects of the tourism industry. The literature review suggests that tourism seasonality is caused by natural and anthropogenic factors that have a very significant bearing on the geographical location of a tourist destination, as well as institutional and economic factors. Assessments of the effects of seasonality in the scientific literature differ. The effects of seasonality analysed in the relevant literature can be divided into four major categories: economic, employment, social and cultural as well as ecological.

Originality/value

The paper presents a systematic literature review on tourism seasonality and the causes and effects thereof.

• Tourism seasonality
• Causes of tourism seasonality
• Effects of tourism seasonality

Zvaigzne, A. , Litavniece, L. and Dembovska, I. (2022), "Tourism seasonality: the causes and effects", Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes , Vol. 14 No. 5, pp. 421-430. https://doi.org/10.1108/WHATT-07-2022-0080

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited

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6 Strategies for Tour Operators to Overcome Seasonality in Tourism

If you work in the travel industry you probably have noticed a period during the year when fewer visitors come to your destination and sales are slow. But don’t worry, you are not alone. Seasonality in tourism is something that affects every business in every destination and should be faced as an opportunity rather than a threat.

In this article, you will learn strategies to attract customers to overcome seasonality and keep your cash flowing even during the off-season.

Why is there seasonality in tourism?

The low season also called “shoulder season”, is the time of the year between peak seasons. During this period tourist numbers plummet and tour operators fight to attract the few travelers visiting the destination.

The drop in the number of arrivals has many explanations , such as:

• Change in climate conditions at the destination
• Change in the number of sunshine hours
• Public or school holidays
• Special events, such as festivals
• Pilgrimages

The more specialized a destination is, the more affected by seasonality it will be . For example, a destination focused on bathing tourism will have a peak during summer and a low season during winter.

What tour operators should understand is that seasonality in tourism is cyclic . It’s fundamental that tour operators learn the visitors’ patterns to better plan their business and put strategies in place to fight back the off-season.

How to overcome seasonality in tourism?

Seasonality cannot be eliminated, but it can be eased . With the right strategies, tour operators can generate demand even when tourist flow is at its lowest.

Here you go six strategies that you can implement during the off-season to attract more guests.

1. Target slow travelers

There is one type of traveler that prefers visiting destinations during the off-season. They are called slow travelers , and there is a reason for that.

A slow traveler is someone who is seeking a deep connection to local people, culture, food, music, history and nature when traveling. In order to create this connection they usually stay longer periods at a destination while avoiding crowds of tourists and visiting off the beaten track attractions.

This group of travelers includes digital nomads , retired people and young people who are enjoying a sabbatical year.

Creating a slow travel product is a great way to generate demand during the off-season. That could be an experience that involves the local community and nature, and also adds a layer of culture to connect the traveler with the destination.

For example, if you work with food tours you can create an experience that brings travelers to meet the local producers and learn traditional recipes directly from locals.

2. Attract locals

What is a better solution to overcome seasonality in tourism than targeting your local community ?

Domestic tourism has grown since the pandemic. During travel restrictions, people have re-discovered their destination and local attractions. Furthermore, this is a niche that is less affected by fluctuations on demand. The reason is simple, the group you are targeting lives in the same place as you work.

Selling to locals is relatively simple. They have the same desires and needs as the travelers you usually target. They also want to live an unforgettable experience , even though it’s one block away from their homes.

In order to attract locals’ attention you should create experiences that have something more than your regular tours. That could be:

• A birthday experience
• A bachelor party experience
• Team-building activities
• A tour focused on families
• A pet-friendly tour

Celebrations don’t have to be labeled with food and drinks, spice things up with adrenaline!

3. Offer discounts and promotions

Be innovative! Nobody wants to see identical promotions year after year. That doesn’t mean that you can’t use other companies’ ideas, but upgrade them! Make them better.

Reward every purchase made during the peak season with a free voucher that buyers can redeem during the low season. Send it to your client’s email and make sure to remind them about their voucher a few weeks before the tour.

When bookings slow down, you can provide coupons and gift vouchers for your tours and activities. Make sure to offer limited-time promotions (e.g. available only for a week). Promotions with an expiration date will create a sense of urgency which yields better results!

Aside from discounts, you can also offer referral rewards. Refer-A-Friend Program is a great way to retain travelers and reach out to more clients. For a limited time, you can even double the referral program for your tour and activity business. For example, the first 10 customers get a free tour (up to $8 each) for 2 persons.

4. Redesign your tours

When was the last time you added a new activity to your portfolio?

To attract guests during the off-season you can adapt your tours depending on the time of the year. For example, during February you can create Valentine’s Day experience to attract couples and during October you can offer a Halloween tour aimed at horror enthusiasts.

An interesting fact is that senior travelers love to travel during the off-season. So, you can design or modify some of your tours to create an experience that suits this audience.

You should think out of the box if you want to stand out and beat seasonality in tourism. Innovative experiences draw attention and can generate demand all year long.

5. Invest in a digital product

A new modality of travel product that has risen during the pandemic is virtual tours .

They were so popular during this period that OTA’s such as Get your Guide , Airbnb and Viator have launched a section on their websites dedicated to them.

There are four main categories of virtual tours:

Pre-recorded tours

You can create this product by recording your tours and selling them online. Make sure that the guide who will present the tour is charismatic and has great storytelling.

Live stream tours

Have you ever watched a live stream on Instagram or another platform? So, this is the same experience. The difference from pre-recorded tours is that this category is interactive. To create a live tour all you need is internet connection and a platform, such as Google Hangouts or Zoom.

Semi-immersive tours

This is a mix between a virtual tour and a real experience. Products in this category usually have a virtual component (e.g. pre-recorded tour) linked to a physical element. This element can be something delivered to the customers’ homes or something they can purchase themselves to prepare for the tour.

This is an experience similar to Google Street View. This type of tour is great for museums and other immersive attractions. Just remember that you need a special camera to record videos in a 360 format.

The great advantage of creating a virtual product is that you can sell it all year round. Yes, they are immune to seasonality in tourism. Virtual tours are also easy to distribute and they work as a great marketing tool.

6. Partner with local businesses

Boost sales during the low season by forming partnerships with local businesses that are not in the travel industry . This way you can cross-promote each other during a period where you are not selling much but your partner is, and vice versa.

For example, if you offer trekking tours, you can give a coupon to your guests to buy at the local sports store. On the other hand, clients that buy in this store can get a coupon to enjoy your tour. You can do something similar with a restaurant or delicatessen if you offer food tours.

What to do with your extra time?

The strategies listed above can help you raise your booking numbers and fight back against seasonality in tourism. But regardless of your efforts, the tourist flow will not be the same as in the peak season.

Anyway, don’t stand idly by . Use the extra time you have during the low season to put your business in order and to prepare for the peak season that will approach.

• Start blogging

One of the proven ways to maintain relevance as a tour operator is by having a blog . On it, you can publish content that :

• Has year-round usefulness for travelers. 
• Brings traffic to your website.

Don’t stop publishing your great articles in the low season, assuming no one is reading!

Just because travelers can’t go for a trip, doesn’t mean they won’t be interested in the information you have to give. Maybe they will look for inspiration for the next season or travel on your blog.

• Post on social media

It’s important to stay in contact with your followers and past customers throughout the entire year.

Use your social media accounts to inform your audience about important changes in your business, the release of new products and to give updates and fun facts about your destination.

An engaged audience helps your business stay top of mind during the high season. Don’t stop communicating during the low season, because your competitors aren’t.

Grow your email list

If you don’t have an email list of your past and potential guests, the low season is the best time to start one.

Email marketing is one of the cheapest and most effective marketing strategies. Spending your free time building an email list will save you a couple of bucks when the peak season arrives.

• Gather and publish reviews from past guests

There’s no better way to get to know your travelers than by asking them a few questions. So, use the low season to perform a customer satisfaction survey and collect feedback from them.

You can include questions about what they would like to experience at your destination and create new offers based on their feedback.

Finally, ask your past guests to leave you a review on Google, TripAdvisor , Facebook and any other relevant review platform to your business.

• Update your website

I know… dealing with a website can be overwhelming, but it’s necessary , unless you want to continue paying abusive commissions to OTA’s.

A well-built website with a Book Now Button not only helps your sales during the peak season but also gives you extra bookings during the low season.

If you are interested in direct online sales we can help you with that.

Seasonality in tourism is an issue, but not the end of the world. The best way to deal with it is to learn when your destination receives fewer visitors and adapt your business to this period.

In this article, we listed a few strategies you can use to generate demand during the low season:

• Target slow travelers
• Attract locals
• Offer discounts and promotions
• Redesign your tours
• Invest in a digital product
• Partner with local businesses

Also, use the low season to:

If you want to learn more about advertising your tour business, download now our ebook “Low Budget Digital Marketing Strategies for Tour Operators.”

ORIOLY on October 28, 2022

by Felipe Fonseca

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Low Budget Digital Marketing Strategies for Tour Operators

In this ebook you will learn strategies to boost your digital marketing efforts, and the best part, at a low and even zero cost for your business.

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SEASONALITY IN TOURISM – causes, implications and strategies

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The role of seasonality in the sustainability of tourism is multiple and complex. The connection between seasonality and sustainability is even more complex when it comes to protected areas. This connection was investigated on the examples of selected protected mountain areas in Serbia ‒ Kopaonik and Tara National Parks, and Stara planina and Zlatibor Nature Parks. The Gini index was used to measure seasonality, and to show the imbalance in the monthly distribution of the number of tourist overnight stays in the mentioned destinations, in the period 2013‒2021. The research results show that the analyzed protected mountain areas in Serbia have different values of the Gini index, which is conditioned by their natural predispositions for tourism development (e.g. altitude and duration of snow cover), and at the same time the levels of tourist development of the area. In order to reduce the effects of seasonality, in each of the destinations that are the subject of this paper, alternati...

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Example sentences tourist season

Doing so in the midst of the summer tourist season compounded the difficulties, they said.

Unite said that a walkout would cause serious disruption during the height of the tourist season .

It would extend the tourist season on the island to the whole year.

Luckily it was the tourist season , so they soon disappeared from the stall permanently outside their building.

The search has caused dismay in the resort, with businesses complaining that they are happening at the start of the tourist season .

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Definition of 'tourist' tourist

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Peak Season and Low Season of Tourism in the Philippines

Other questions & answers.

There would usually be 3 tourism periods or “seasons” identified in the Philippines: Lean, High and Peak (or Super Peak).

Each season would have different tourist volumes present in the country, rates of flights and accommodations. Terms and conditions of tourism services change accordingly, too.

Lean Season of the Philippines (June to October)

The Lean Season would be from the months of June to October , which is the “wet” season and brings about quite a bit of occasional rain with warm temperatures . We would still have tourists going to different places around the Philippines but fewer in numbers. This season is ideal for travellers who want more peace and quiet, who’d want to avoid crowds and queues in their desired destinations. Hotel and flight rates would have more availability and also be cheaper during these months. At the same time, keep in mind that you should depart with extra adaptability!

High Season of the Philippines (November to May)

Months from November to May are those of the High Season. These months are our “dry” season (locals call it “summer”) when humidity drops along with the perceived temperature - though the weather is still tropically warm. These stretches of months are the favourite time of tourist to visit the Philippines not just because of the ideal local climate , but also because these same months are cold in most countries. People from Europe, the US or in other northern hemispheric places escape the winter and get warmed and tanned in this side of the globe.

Super Peak Tourist Periods

Then there are the Peak Periods with identified days per year. These are:

Holy Week/Easter , this falls usually on March or April

Chinese Lunar New Year which is a week on the month of either January or February

On December 20th until around the 5th of January the following year is the Christmas and New Year’s Eve celebrations

On a destination-specific local level, a peak period could be the week of the city or town’s fiesta. See some of the most popular ones here .

Tips on Planning your Trip to the Philippines during Peak Periods:

During peak periods, the demand for services obviously increases. Generally speaking, tourist destinations do not become exaggeratedly crowded, though it’s suggested to book your tour of the Philippines  quite in advance to secure reservations for your activities, transportation, services and accommodations. This way, you will avoid much higher rates or shortage of services.

A positive and interesting thing about this season to look forward to is that tourism establishments would be conducting special activities for guests to enjoy. Even city and provincial local governments organize activities and special merrymakings for the constituents to enjoy and they will be more than happy to welcome guests to join them! Filipinos love to celebrate! You will be able to witness how locals party and have their own unique ways to revel festivities.

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What is Hezbollah, the group battling Israel in Lebanon?

Kareem Chehayeb

Associated Press

Copyright 2024 The Associated Press. All rights reserved

Residents and rescuers check a building that was hit by an Israeli airstrike in Beirut's southern suburbs, Tuesday, Sept. 24, 2024. (AP Photo/Hassan Ammar)

BEIRUT – After almost a year of trading fire, Israel and the Lebanese militant group Hezbollah are now engaged in ferocious confrontations that threaten to turn into a full-blown war .

Israel faces a much more formidable foe in Hezbollah than it faced in Hamas in the Gaza Strip . Many consider the Iran-backed group the strongest paramilitary force in the region — but the group also has political and social wings with considerable power in Lebanon.

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Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah has warned Israel that his group has new weapons and capabilities, and it has published surveillance drone footage taken deep inside northern Israel that showed the port of Haifa and other sites far from the Lebanon-Israel border. In the past few days, it has struck deeper into Israel than at any time in the past year.

What is Hezbollah?

Founded in 1982 during Lebanon’s civil war, Hezbollah was initially devoted to ending Israel’s occupation of southern Lebanon. It achieved that in 2000 following a long war of attrition that eventually forced Israel to withdraw. But it has continued its battle and seeks Israel’s destruction.

Shiite Muslim Hezbollah is part of a collection of Iranian-backed factions and governments known as the Axis of Resistance. It was the first group that Iran supported and used as a way to export its brand of political Islamism.

In addition to being an armed group, Hezbollah is also a political party with lawmakers in the Lebanese parliament and has had representatives in most Lebanese governments for decades. It also provides extensive social services, including running schools and health clinics, in southern Lebanon and other parts of the country where it has a strong presence.

In its early days, the group attacked U.S. interests, causing Washington to designate it a terrorist organization. Those attacks included taking U.S. hostages in Beirut and the infamous 1983 truck bombing of a Marine Corps barracks in Beirut that killed 241 American service members.

“Iran’s support has helped Hezbollah consolidate its position as Lebanon’s most powerful political actor as well as the most-equipped military actor supported by Iran in the whole of the Middle East,” said Lina Khatib, the director of the SOAS Middle East Institute in London.

In 2006, Hezbollah fighters ambushed an Israeli patrol and took two Israeli soldiers hostage in a cross-border raid. That sparked a monthlong war between Hezbollah and Israel that ended in a draw, but Israeli bombardment wreaked widespread destruction in southern Lebanon.

Israel’s objective was eliminating Hezbollah, but the Lebanese group came out stronger and became a key military and political power on Israel’s northern border.

Domestic opponents have criticized Hezbollah for maintaining its arsenal and for coming to dominate the government. Hezbollah’s reputation also suffered when it briefly seized a section of Beirut in May 2008 after the Lebanese government took measures against its private telecommunications network.

What are Hezbollah’s military capabilities?

Hezbollah is the Arab world’s most significant paramilitary force with a robust organizational structure as well as a sizeable arsenal. It claims to have some 100,000 fighters

Hezbollah’s military capabilities have surged over the years, and it has played a key role in the Syrian civil war, helping keep President Bashar Assad in power there. It has also helped train Iran-backed militias in Syria and Iraq, as well as Yemen’s Houthi rebels.

Israel estimates Hezbollah has some 150,000 rockets and missiles, including guided missiles and long-range projectiles capable of striking anywhere in Israel.

Throughout its latest conflict with Israel, Hezbollah has gradually introduced new weapons to its arsenal.

While Hezbollah initially began launching anti-tank missiles and rockets, it eventually introduced explosive drones and surface-to-air missiles for the first time. Nasrallah said the drones are locally manufactured, and they have many at their disposal.

The group sustained a severe blow last week, when thousands of communications devices, used mainly by its members, exploded in different parts of Lebanon , killing 39 and wounding nearly 3,000, many of them civilians. The attack — an embarrassing breach of Hezbollah’s supply chain — is widely blamed on Israel.

Israel has recently also assassinated several of the group’s senior leaders , including a top military commander.

Who Is Hassan Nasrallah?

Born in 1960 into a poor Shiite family in the Beirut suburb of Bourj Hammoud and later displaced to south Lebanon, Nasrallah studied theology and joined the Amal movement, a Shiite political and paramilitary organization, before becoming one of Hezbollah’s founders.

He became Hezbollah’s leader in 1992 after his predecessor was killed in an Israeli strike.

Idolized by many for presiding over Israel’s withdrawal from the south and leading the 2006 war, his image appears on billboards and on gadgets in souvenir shops in Lebanon, Syria and other countries across the Arab world. But he also faces opposition among Lebanese who accuse him of tying their country’s fate to Iran.

Nasrallah is also considered to be pragmatic, able to make political compromises.

He has lived in hiding for years, fearing Israeli assassination, and delivers his speeches from undisclosed locations.

Copyright 2024 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed without permission.

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