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How to Install Safari on Linux

When you think of the major web browsers, chances are that Apple’s Safari features somewhere on your list. However, despite its popularity, Safari has never been officially released for Linux – particularly strange considering macOS and Linux both have historical ties to UNIX.

If you’re a Linux user and a web developer and need to provide support for the Safari browser, the good news is that there are some workarounds to get Safari up and running on Linux. Although you’ll be restricted to Safari 5, this version still has everything you need for surfing the Web.

Installing Safari Browser on Linux

How to install wine, installing safari using wine, installing safari using playonlinux, using the safari install wizard in linux, installing a safari theme for firefox in linux, converting firefox through white sur gtk, frequently asked questions.

Also read: Safari Not Working on Your iPhone? Here’s How to Fix It

There are two potential workarounds for installing Safari on Linux: using WINE (the compatibility layer, not the drink) or using WINE and PlayOnLinux , which provides a graphical user interface (UI) for WINE.

As an added bonus, you can use WINE and PlayOnLinux to install many other Windows applications beside Safari.

WINE is one of the most well-known Linux packages and is found in most Software Center/Package managers. In Ubuntu (or Ubuntu-based distro), you can install WINE with the following command:

One thing to note is that the WINE version in Ubuntu is pretty outdated. If you want to get the latest stable version of WINE, do the following:

• Add the WINE key.
• Add the repository.

The above command is for Ubuntu 21.10 (impish). If you are using version other than Ubuntu 21.10, change the name accordingly (like “bionic,” “xenial,” etc.)

• Update the system:
• Lastly, install the stable version of WINE.

WINE will now be installed. For more information, refer to our guide on installing WINE on Linux .

Also read: 5 Tricks to Speed Up Compile Times in Gentoo Linux

Before downloading Safari, we need to create a download and build directory.

• Open a Terminal window and run the following commands:
• Download Safari using a wget command:
• Once the download is complete, launch Safari Setup using the following:
• At this point you may be prompted to download some additional software, such as Mono or Gecko. If prompted, click “Install” and wait for these packages to download.
• Once you have all the necessary supporting software, the Safari Installer should launch automatically.

Once you’ve completed the standard Safari setup, the web browser will be installed, and you can start using Safari on Linux!

WINE isn’t always the most user-friendly software, so you may want to consider installing PlayOnLinux, which provides a graphical user interface for the underlying WINE code.

• To install PlayOnLinux, use the following command:
• You can now find PlayOnLinux in your Applications menu.
• In the PlayOnLinux window, select “Install a program.”

• Enter “Safari” in the search bar.

• When the web browser appears, select it and click “Install.”
• Read the disclaimer, and if you accept it, click “Next -> Next.”

The Safari installer will be downloaded to your computer.

Also read: How to Install Zoom on Linux

Once PlayOnLinux is installed, It will display a custom installation wizard that will guide you through the installation of Safari.

• The screen will show a brief summary of the installer’s maintainer as well as where it will install the browser.

• Press “Next” to begin the installation process. The installer will first create a sandbox where it will install a version of WINE that is compatible with Safari in Linux.

• In some cases, PlayOnLinux will ask if you want to install the optional WINE Mono package. This is a compatibility layer that ensures .NET programs have the required DLL files to work properly. If you receive this message, press “Install.”

• PlayOnLinux will also ask you if you want to install the optional WINE Gecko package. Similar to Mono, this will provide a more seamless compatibility with the Safari browser. Once again, press “Install.”
• The wizard will ask whether you want to use a custom binary or download the installer. Select “Download the program,” then press “Next.”

• PlayOnLinux will run the Safari installer, and you can proceed with the standard browser installation process.
• Be sure to uncheck both the “Install Bonjour for Windows” and “Automatically update Safari” options during the install.

While using a native Safari 5 client in Linux can be helpful for some users. This particular version of the browser can present some issues, especially if you are visiting modern websites. This is mostly because the Safari 5 browser no longer receives new updates from Apple.

As a result, using this version of Safari can result in either broken or insecure websites. For example, it is not possible to access YouTube from a native Safari 5 client.

One way of dealing with this issue is to use a modern browser and convert it to look and feel like the Apple browser. For example, it is possible to take Firefox and theme it to look like the modern version of Safari.

Also read: How to Block and Allow Pop-ups on Safari

Converting Firefox to look like Safari is relatively simple with the WhiteSur-gtk theme for Firefox.

• Download the theme by either downloading the ZIP file from the author’s Github page or running the following command:

• Extract the repository’s ZIP file to the current working directory and go inside it by running the following commands:

• Run the initial install script, which will prepare all the necessary files and dependencies for your Firefox theme, by running the following command:
• Run the Firefox theme installer by typing the following:
• Doing this will, then, automatically copy all the necessary settings and configurations for your Firefox client.

It’s important to note that the installer will not run if Firefox is currently running. Once done, however, you can reload the browser to look at your converted Firefox instance.

If all this talk made you curious about what you can do more with Linux. You can check this article where we discuss how you can use sed for basic tasks.

Also read: How to Use Sed in Linux for Basic Shell Tasks

Is it possible to install Safari in Linux using the Mac installer?

Sadly, no. While it is possible to install DMG files in Linux, the native Safari browser for macOS is purpose built to only run for that operating system, as the browser uses Mac-specific functions which allow it to integrate well into macOS. For example, the Quick Note feature in Safari relies on external Apple programs to work properly.

I already have WINE installed. Is it alright to install PlayOnLinux on top of it?

Yes! By default, PlayOnLinux creates its own set of virtual drives where it places the custom WINE version that it uses. Because of that, it is safe to install PlayOnLinux alongside with a mainline version of WINE. For example, when you install Safari through PlayOnLinux, it creates a clean sandbox where it installs all the programs and WINE patches that it needs.

Further, this approach also means that removing a program that you previously installed through PlayOnLinux is incredibly simple: press “Right click” on the “Safari 5” entry in the main menu and select “Remove.”

Is it possible to remove the Safari theme and return Firefox to the default?

Yes! It is relatively simple to remove the Safari theme and revert your Firefox installation back to its default settings. First, go back to the White Sur directory that you extracted. From there, you then need to type the following command: ./tweaks.sh -f -r && ./install.sh -u .

Doing that will allow you to remove all the Safari-related files for Firefox as well as delete all theme files from your machine. With that done, the last thing that you need to do is to restart the browser to reload your default settings.

Image credit: Unsplash . All screenshots by Ramces Red.

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Ramces is a technology writer that lived with computers all his life. A prolific reader and a student of Anthropology, he is an eccentric character that writes articles about Linux and anything *nix.

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How to Install Safari on Linux

Apple has never created a build of Safari for Linux, but that doesn’t mean you can’t use it. Here is how you can install Safari on Linux.

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Ubuntu 20.04.6 LTS (Focal Fossa)

Select an image, desktop image.

The desktop image allows you to try Ubuntu without changing your computer at all, and at your option to install it permanently later. This type of image is what most people will want to use. You will need at least 1024MiB of RAM to install from this image.

Choose this if you have a computer based on the AMD64 or EM64T architecture (e.g., Athlon64, Opteron, EM64T Xeon, Core 2). Choose this if you are at all unsure.

Server install image

The server install image allows you to install Ubuntu permanently on a computer for use as a server. It will not install a graphical user interface.

A full list of available files, including BitTorrent files, can be found below.

If you need help burning these images to disk, see the Image Burning Guide .

Ubuntu 24.04 (Noble Numbat) Daily Build

Select an image, desktop image.

The desktop image allows you to try Ubuntu without changing your computer at all, and at your option to install it permanently later. This type of image is what most people will want to use. You will need at least 1024MiB of RAM to install from this image.

Choose this if you have a computer based on the AMD64 or EM64T architecture (e.g., Athlon64, Opteron, EM64T Xeon, Core 2). Choose this if you are at all unsure. Warning: This image is oversized (which is a bug) and will not fit onto a standard 703MiB CD. However, you may still test it using a DVD, a USB drive, or a virtual machine.

For 64-bit ARMv8 processors and above.

For Lenovo X13s Gen 1.

For ARM hardware for which we do not ship preinstalled images, see ARM/Server/Install for detailed installation information.

A full list of available files can be found below.

If you need help burning these images to disk, see the Image Burning Guide .

How to Setup V2Ray Server on Linux (Ubuntu 20.04)

V2Ray is a powerful tool to increase privacy over the Internet. Ubuntu 20.04 is the most suitable Linux distribution for installing V2Ray.

You are recommended to install V2Ray manually. SSH into your remote Ubuntu server and follow the below steps to install V2Ray Proxy on Ubuntu 20.04:

• Install V2Ray on Ubuntu.
• Set up NTP time Synchronization.
• Configure V2Ray for Ubuntu.
• Configure Reverse Proxy.
• Enable HTTPS.
• Configure Firewall.
• Configure V2Ray Client on Linux.

Table of Contents

Prerequisites to Setup V2Ray Server on Linux Ubuntu

To Install and Config V2Ray server on Ubuntu, your machine needs to meet all the below specifications:

• A Server running Ubuntu VPS .
• A non-root user with sudo privileges.

Steps to Set up V2Ray on Ubuntu 20.04

Update your system using the below commands and follow the below required steps to set up V2Ray on Ubuntu:

Step 1: Download V2Ray and Install it on Ubuntu

Run the command below to install dependency packages:

To download the official V2Ray install script , and run it, type:

The V2Ray installation script is now available. When you are finished download V2Ray for Ubuntu, you can check the final status:

If something is not working, you need to restart it:

Then, if you prefer an auto-start at your system boot time, you must enable it:

Step 2: Accurate the Server Time

Time constraints are very strict for V2ray. If you do not set up NTP time sync, the V2Ray might fail. It helps to enhance users’ security.

You must ensure that the time is accurate enough because the absolute value of the time difference between the client and the server cannot exceed two minutes.

First, run the command below to check the current time of your server:

Your server system clock must be synchronized. Otherwise, set up NTP time synchronization and then continue the steps below.

Step 3: Configure V2Ray on Ubuntu 20.04

Use your preferred text editor to edit the V2Ray configuration file. Here, we use Nano.

V2Ray (VMesss) only uses UUID. Add the following lines after deleting everything in this file. Substitute a random string in UUID format for the ID.

When you are done, save and close the file. The V2Ray server will listen on the Port 10000 .

For the modifications to take effect, restart V2Ray:

To check the listening port, run:

Step 4: Configure Reverse Proxy

Your Web server uses a reverse proxy. At this step, you can set up Nginx as Reverse Proxy on Ubuntu .

To do this, install the Nginx web server and create a virtual host file for V2Ray:

Add the following lines to this file.

Note : Keep in mind to replace operavps.com with your domain name. You can also use a subdomain.

When you are finished, save and close the file.

Use the command below to test the recent Nginx configuration you have done:

If you view no error, reload Nginx by running the following command:

Step 5: Enable HTTPS

To ensure that your national firewall remains unaware that you are using a proxy, activate HTTPS.

To do this, install the latest version of the Let’s Encrypt client certbot from the Snap store:

To get a free Let’s Encrypt certificate, run:

Your Nginx web server will automatically install it after it has been received.

Step 6: Configure Firewall

• If using iptables firewall:

Allow traffic to the TCP port 443:

• If using UFW firewall:

Run the command below to configure the firewall on your Ubuntu system:

Step 7: Configure V2Ray Client on Linux

It is time for the V2Ray Ubuntu client install. To download the latest V2Ray for 64-bit Linux , get the v2ray-linux-64.zip file and unzip it.

In your considered text editor or terminal, edit the V2Ray configuration file:

Insert the template below, replacing the placeholders with your real values.

Save and close the file.

To start the V2Ray client, run:

Keep V2Ray open in the terminal and leave it running.

Launch Firefox. Click Settings in the Network Settings section to configure the network as follows:

• Select Manual proxy configuration.
• Fill in 127.0.0.1 in SOCKS Host.
• Fill in 1080 in the Port.
• Select SOCKS v5.
• Check Proxy DNS when using SOCKS v5.

Press OK. Requests are now routed through Firefox to the V2Ray client, which forwards them to the V2Ray server.

V2Ray is now ready to use.

How to Use V2Ray on Linux Ubuntu

To work with V2Ray on Linux, you can use the below commands:

Why Use V2Ray on Ubuntu 20.04?

With the help of the strong and adaptable program V2Ray, you get beyond Internet filtering and visit websites that are restricted.

Installing V2Ray on Ubuntu serves you the following benefits:

• Bypass Censorship.
• Lightweight.
• Fast speed.
• Secure Encryption (AES-128, AES-256, and ChaCha20).
• Flexible Routing.
• difficult to block.
• Developer-Friendly.

Is V2Ray better than Shadowsocks?

V2Ray is a sophisticated version of the Shadowsocks.

Both are the secure and popular tools used for bypassing internet censorship and ensuring secure communication. However, consider that:

• Shadowsocks is just a simple and single proxy tool, but V2Ray is designed as a complicated platform for developers.
• The deployment process for Shadowsocks is simpler than that of V2Ray, which requires more complex setups.
• V2Ray is more than a protocol and supports various protocols.
• V2Ray comes with advanced features and customization.

By hiding your IP address, V2Ray shields your online activities from spies and hackers who attempt to view your browser history.

To install and configure V2Ray on the client computer, follow the same process as Step 1 and install V2Ray on a Linux desktop.

Consider that the V2Ray server’s and the client’s id parameters have to match.

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Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Released. Download Now!

Brief: Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Focal Fossa has been finally released. Here is a quick recap of the new features and the download links for Ubuntu 20.04 and the official flavours for it .

The wait is finally over. Ubuntu 20.04 LTS has finally arrived and is available to download!

If you were already using Ubuntu 19.10, you may not notice a lot of noticeable differences – but the list of improvements that I’m looking at is indeed impressive.

If you’re curious about what’s new, I’ll mention a few key highlights for this release.

Ubuntu 20.04: What’s new?

Considering the previous 18.04 LTS release, Ubuntu 20.04 LTS involves a lot of visual changes and under-the-hood improvements as well.

Of course, with the addition of GNOME 3.36 , a major visual upgrade and the performance improvement is quite obvious. Here’s a video highlighting what’s new in Ubuntu 20.04:

You can also dive into one of our articles highlighting new features of Ubuntu 20.04 , if you’re curious.

In either case, let me just give you some highlights:

• GNOME 3.36 is the default desktop
• The performance has improved a lot
• The new Yaru theme is gorgeous, comes in dark mode as well
• You won’t have to see the Amazon app anymore, it’s gone for good!
• Improved ZFS support
• You get the latest Linux Kernel 5.4 (LTS)
• Adds exFAT support
• Improved hardware and graphics support
• GameMode for better gaming performance for compatible games
• Updated software Python 3.8.2
• Wireguard is being backported to Linux Kernel 5.4 to be utilized on Ubuntu 20.04

If you want to see the features in detail and in action, please watch this video highlighting the best features of 20.04 LTS:

In case you’re new to Ubuntu and have questions about Ubuntu 20.04, we also have a quick Ubuntu 20.04 FAQ article for you.

Upgrade to Ubuntu 20.04 from 18.04 and 19.10

If you are already using Ubuntu 18.04 or 19.10, you can easily upgrade to Ubuntu 20.04 from within your system.

This way, your files and most of the applications settings remain as it is while you start using the new version without reinstalling it from the ISO.

You can read this detailed tutorial to learn how to upgrade Ubuntu to a newer version .

Please note that if you are using Lubuntu 18.04, you must not upgrade to Lubuntu 20.04. Lubuntu 18.04 used Lxde desktop while later versions use LXQt desktop. Upgrading this way result in conflicts and possible broken system.

Download Ubuntu 20.04 LTS

You can grab the ISO or the torrent file, depending on what you prefer:

Please follow this tutorial to learn how to install Ubuntu .

Download Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Official Flavours

If you want to grab an official flavour of Ubuntu with a different desktop environment, please follow the links below.

You may also download Ubuntu via torrent . If you don’t find the latest ISO/torrent file listed in their respective official sites, simply head to cdimages.ubuntu.com to find all the flavours listed. Next, navigate to the name-of-the-distro -> releases -> 20.04 -> release and then you should find the links to the ISO and the torrent files listed.

If you have questions, please refer to this article that answers frequently asked questions about Ubuntu 20.04 . If you are going to install it, do check our recommended things to do after installing Ubuntu 20.04 .

Enjoy Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Focal Fossa!

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Ubuntu 20.04.5 LTS (Focal Fossa)

Select an image, server install image.

The server install image allows you to install Ubuntu permanently on a computer for use as a server. It will not install a graphical user interface.

For 64-bit ARMv8 processors and above.

For POWER8 and POWER9 Little-Endian systems, especially the "LC" Linux-only servers.

For IBM System z series mainframes, such as IBM LinuxONE.

Preinstalled server image

The preinstalled-server image allows you to unpack a preinstalled version of Ubuntu onto a target device.

For modern Raspberry Pi boards (Pi 2, Pi 3 and Pi 4).

For RISC-V computers, with support for SiFive HiFive Unmatched and QEMU.

For ARM hardware for which we do not ship preinstalled images, see ARM/Server/Install for detailed installation information.

A full list of available files, including BitTorrent files, can be found below.

If you need help burning these images to disk, see the Image Burning Guide .

How To Install Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa) On UEFI and Legacy BIOS System

Ubuntu 20.04 is the latest LTS and the current version of the most famous opensource desktop operating system from Canonical , released on April 23, 2020.

Ubuntu is the favorite OS for desktop users, mainly developers. Canonical releases new Ubuntu versions every six months with free support for nine months and every fourth release would receive long-term support, up to five years from the date of release.

Ubuntu 20.04 LTS will receive support until 2025.

New Features in Ubuntu 20.04

• Bult-in support for WireGuard VPN
• Support for raspberry pi
• Comes with Linux kernel 5.4

READ: New Features of Ubuntu 20.04 LTS

System Requirements

Make sure your system is good enough to run Ubuntu 20.04.

• 2 GHz dual-core processor or better
• 25 GB of free hard drive space
• Either a DVD drive or a USB port for the installer media
• Internet Connection (Optional)

If you have a Ubuntu 18.04 system and want to upgrade it to Ubuntu 20.04, then come back here in a few days to get a link to the article.

READ: How To Upgrade Ubuntu 18.04 to Ubuntu 20.04 LTS

Try Ubuntu 20.04 LTS VM Images

If you do not have time to install Ubuntu 20.04, use the below link to download a ready to run Ubuntu20.04 VirtualBox and VMware images.

Ubuntu 20.04 LTS VirtualBox/VMware Images

Install Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa)

Ubuntu 20.04 supports UEFI firmware and can boot on PCs with secure boot enabled. So, you can install Ubuntu 20.04 on UEFI systems and Legacy BIOS systems without any problems.

Step 1: Download Ubuntu 20.04 LTS ISO

Download Ubuntu 20.04 LTS desktop iso image from the Ubuntu website.

Download Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Desktop

Step 2: Create a Live USB / Write a Bootable CD

Create a bootable cd/dvd.

Burn the downloaded Ubuntu OS image to a DVD using your favorite DVD burner in Windows.

Replace /path/to/ubuntu-20.04-desktop-amd64.iso with the path to the downloaded ISO file.

Create a bootable USB disk

Use Universal USB Installer (BIOS compatible) or Rufus (UEFI compatible) to create a bootable USB disk.

Replace /path/to/ubuntu-20.04-desktop-amd64.iso with the path to the downloaded ISO file and /dev/sdx with your USB drive name.

Step 3: Boot from Live USB or CD

Power on your system and press F2 , F10 , F12 or DEL key to change/select the boot order.

To boot from Live USB and DVD, you need to select boot from USB or removable drive and boot from CD/DVD ROM drive, respectively.

Step 4: Preparing to Install Ubuntu 18.04 LTS

Do not interrupt the booting of the Ubuntu image.

Press Ctrl+C to cancel All filesystem checks if you do not want to wait for checks to complete.

Ubuntu 20.04 live image will begin to load.

Once the system is fully booted from Live USB or DVD, you will get the OS installer window like below.

To install Ubuntu 20.04, click on Install Ubuntu.

Select your keyboard layout. If you are not sure about your keyboard layout, use the Detect Keyboard Layout option.

You can also test your selected layout by typing in the test text box.

Step 5: Normal/Minimal Installation

On this screen, you need to choose the apps for installation.

Normal Installation – You will get a graphical desktop environment with all regular software. Minimal Installation – You will get a basic desktop environment with a web browser and core system administration utilities.

You can either choose to install updates and other third-party software while installing Ubuntu 20.04 or leave it (you can install them later if you wish).

The updates and third-party software installation requires an active internet connection to your system. The installation may take a bit more time depends on the downloadable contents.

For this demo, I chose to do Ubuntu Normal installation

Step 6: Create Partitions

This Ubuntu 20.04 installation is on the empty hard drive. So, I have only two options in the installation type. Depends on the other OSes on your hard drive, you will get more options.

Please choose any one of the methods.

6a: Automatic Partitioning

Without lvm.

Erase disk and install Ubuntu – The installer will format the entire hard drive and install the OS. The Ubuntu installer will take care of creating the required partitions (without LVM) for OS installation. Use this option only if you don’t mind about the partition layout and its size.

Click Install Now.

Now, the installer will ask you to confirm the auto partitioning. Click on Continue.

Click on Advanced features to select use LVM with the new Ubuntu Installation .

Ensure the LVM selected is shown and then click on Install Now.

6b: Manual Partitioning

Something else – Use this option in case you want to create partitions with the custom size. Click the Continue.

On this page, the installer will list all the available hard disks. In my case, I have only one hard disk with a size of 100GB.

Since this is a new disk, I had to click on New Partition Table to create an empty partition.

The Popup window will ask you to confirm the creation of an empty partition table. Click on Continue.

We will now create four partition for our Ubuntu 20.04 installation.

Partition details are shown below:

UEFI System:

• /home – 10GB
• / – Remaining (85GB)

Legacy BIOS:

• /boot – 1GB

Select the free space and then click on the + sign at the bottom left to create a partition.

UEFI System: Following shows for efi partition.

Legacy BIOS: Following shows for /boot partition.

Following screen shows for the swap partition. It is recommended to have the swap partition twice the size of the memory. Here, I have created a 4GB swap partition.

If your system has enough memory, then you can choose not to have a swap partition.

The following is for /home partition.

The Following is for / (root) partition. We will use the remaining space for / partition.

Review your partition layout and click on Install Now.

Click on Continue to create partitions as per the plan.

Step 7: Additional Configurations

Select your location from the map to set the system timezone. Then, click on Continue.

In this screen, you can create a username and password to access the system. It’s best if you set a very secure password for your user.

Also, set the hostname for your system.

Here is one thing you should remember – if you chose to log in automatically , then the system will directly take you to desktop without asking any credentials.

Click on Continue.

Step 8: Ubuntu 20.04 – Installation

The below screenshot shows the installation of Ubuntu 20.04.

Remove the installation DVD ROM, if required, and then press Enter.

Once the system is restarted, you will get a login window. Log in to your system with the username and password that you created earlier.

Step 9: Post Installation

On successful login, you will get the below welcome screen that would ask you to do a post-installation setup.

Connect your online accounts to access them from the Ubuntu system directly if needed

If you are a subscriber to Ubuntu Advantage , then configure Livepatch that helps you automatically apply fixes without rebooting your system.

You can either choose to send or not to send your system information to Canonical.

Choose whether you want your applications to determine your location or not.

Click Done. Ubuntu 20.04 is now ready for your use.

System Information:

That’s All. I hope you have learned how to install Ubuntu 20.04. Visit our Ubuntu 20.04 LTS page for all posts related to Ubuntu 20.04 release.

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• AFNI, SUMA and FATCAT: v24.1.03 »
• 1. Installation and Background »
• 1.1. Install AFNI on Your Own Computer »
• 1.1.3. Linux, Ubuntu 20.04

1.1.3. Linux, Ubuntu 20.04 ¶

These setup instructions are for Ubuntu Linux version 20.04 (Focal Fossa). And a note of thanks to Chris Rorden, who contributed advice to these instructions!

Things to note before starting ¶

Each step involves either copy+pasting a command, or clicking on a download link.

Admin privileges are needed for some steps: check if you can run sudo ls , entering the correct password. If you can’t, perhaps ask an administrator to do that step, and you can do the others that don’t require it.

Note your terminal shell type ( bash , zsh , tcsh , csh , etc.), by copy+pasting:

Do the system check in the “Evaluate” stage. Try any recommendations in its “Please Fix” section.

If you run into any problems, please just ask a clear question on the AFNI Message Board .

To copy and paste in a Linux terminal, one can use Ctrl+Shift+c and Ctrl+Shift+v , respectively. (In WSL terminals, one might first enable this functionality: rightclick on the panel’s taskbar, select “Properties” and put a checkmark by this option.)

To open a text file, use any text editor you like, and/or you can type gedit FILENAME , such as either:

Quick setup ¶

This is the quick form of AFNI setup for Ubuntu 20.04. It includes downloading the Bootcamp data and running the system check (don’t forget to do that!).

Download the command scripts.

Copy+paste:

Run command scripts.

Check your shell ( echo $0 ), and use the appropriate set of commands below. Running the commands this way creates a text file, o.ubuntu*.txt , which can be sent to an AFNI guru for troubleshooting, if necessary.

For bash users:

Copy+paste the following ( requires sudo with password):

Copy+paste the following ( no sudo ):

(optional, but useful) To niceify your terminal, copy+paste the following ( no sudo ):

For tcsh or csh users:

Evaluate/check the setup

Open a new terminal, and run the AFNI system check:

Open up the AFNI and SUMA GUIs, juuuust to make sure all is well:

(slow setup) Install prerequisite packages ¶

Purpose: Installs a lot of packages that AFNI depends on (so we don’t have to reinvent the wheel!). This may take a little while to complete running.

Purpose: Make a symbolic link for the specific version of GSL included in this version of Ubuntu.

(slow setup) Install AFNI binaries ¶

Choose one of the following approaches:

(default) To install the binaries from online , copy+paste:

(alternative) To install already-downloaded binaries, use -local_package .. (replacing PATH_TO_FILE with the actual path; also, if @update.afni.binaries has also been downloaded, you can skip the curl .. command), copy+paste:

Purpose: Download and unpack the current binaries in your $HOME directory; set the AFNI binary directory name to $HOME/abin/ ; and add that location to the $PATH in both ~/.cshrc and ~/.bashrc .

(slow setup) Install R ¶

Check your shell type ( echo $0 ). For …

... a tcsh terminal, copy+paste:

... a bash terminal, copy+paste:

If brms did not install from above, copy+paste:

(slow setup) Prepare for Bootcamp ¶

Purpose: Download the Bootcamp class data; untar+unzip it (= open it up); move into the newly opened directory; execute a script to copy the files to $HOME/. .

• !Pro tip!: Bring a computer mouse to use at the Bootcamp. It is muuuuch easier to follow the demos that way.

Read+practice with the handy Unix documentation/tutorial .

Purpose: give you a quick lesson/refresher on using basic Linux shell commands (e.g., ls , cd , less , etc.). It will greatly enhance your bootcamp experience– we promise!

(slow setup) Evaluate setup/system ( important! ) ¶

Open a new terminal, and then copy+paste:

• Read the “Please Fix” section at the end. If there are no suggestions, then rejoice! Otherwise, try the suggestion(s) there.

Report any crashes or problems!

If stuck, then …

try searching online with the error message, and/or ask on the Message Board

send the system check to an AFNI guru for advice—copy+paste:

... and email the file “out.ASC.txt”.

(slow setup) Niceify terminal (optional, but goood) ¶

To improve your life when using the terminal, copy+paste:

Purpose: The first commands set up tab autocompletion for tcsh (which should already be enabled for bash , by default). The second set of commands make aliases so that different types of files (“normal” files, zipped files, executables, et al.) and directories are shown using different colors and boldness. It makes it much easier to navigate on a terminal, IMHO.

Also, consider running gnome-tweak-tool and changing Windows -> Focus Mode from ‘click’ to ‘mouse’.

Also, consider extending time for screen saver: System Settings -> Brightness & Lock , and set inactivity duration.

(slow setup) Install extras (optional, but recommended for Bootcamp prep) ¶

If you plan to use the FATCAT_matplot functionality in AFNI, then copy+paste the following:

Purpose: This script will install the R packages for FATCAT_matplot and other ‘shiny’ tools (via bioconductor). And it might take a little while to complete…

(slow setup) Keep up-to-date (remember!) ¶

To update your AFNI sometime, copy+paste:

That’s it!!

Purpose: This will automatically download the correct, latest AFNI version to your computer, replacing your old binaries. It will also update the apearch help information. Update often!

To check your AFNI version, copy+paste:

Purpose: Report this useful info whenever asking a question on the Message Board!

The record of all changes (new options, new programs, bug fixes, et al.) in AFNI programs is maintained for all to see in the online AFNI History .

A note on setting up Python/using Conda (opt) ¶

For this OS, you should not need to do anything further to set up your Python .

AFNI has very minimal Python requirements—at present, matplotlib and numpy. For example, for the recommended automatic QC output from afni_proc.py , matplotlib is necessary.

You can use any method to install+manage Python and its dependencies. In fact, your OS might have all the Python+modules needed to run AFNI already. Check this by running:

... and seeing there are no notes in the “Please fix” section at the end—if there are none about Python, then you are all set!

But if you do still need to setup Python with appropriate modules, or you want to manage different environments with different package needs (Python or otherwise), then we note that we have found Miniconda to be convenient. It is cross-platform (with occasional OS-specific quirks). If you are interested in either using it or reading more about it, you can check out this tutorial , which has both verbose and quick instructions.

But Miniconda is not required.

Table of Contents

• 1.1.1. Overview
• 1.1.2. Linux, Ubuntu 22.04
• Things to note before starting
• Quick setup
• (slow setup) Install prerequisite packages
• (slow setup) Install AFNI binaries
• (slow setup) Install R
• (slow setup) Prepare for Bootcamp
• (slow setup) Evaluate setup/system ( important! )
• (slow setup) Niceify terminal (optional, but goood)
• (slow setup) Install extras (optional, but recommended for Bootcamp prep)
• (slow setup) Keep up-to-date (remember!)
• A note on setting up Python/using Conda (opt)
• 1.1.4. Linux, Fedora
• 1.1.5. Linux, Red Hat and CentOS
• 1.1.6. macOS 12+ (Apple Silicon/ARM processor/chip: M1, M2, …)
• 1.1.7. macOS 12+ (Intel processor/chip)
• 1.1.8. Windows 10: Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL)
• 1.1.9. Installation notes for older operating systems
• 1.2. Install AFNI on Administered Systems
• 1.3. Work with Docker/Containerized AFNI
• 1.4. Download other/specific AFNI/SUMA software
• 1.5. Prep for Bootcamp
• 1.6. Miniconda: Python(s) in a convenient setup
• 2. Starting with AFNI
• 3. Educational resources
• 4. All program helps
• 5. AFNI (and afni)
• 9. Statistics
• 10. Templates & Atlases
• 11. Non-human processing
• 12. Tutorials, Examples
• 13. Demo Material
• 14. Codex: AFNI Code Examples from publications
• 16. Developer Documentation
• 17. Contributors
• 18. Glossary
• 19. Main AFNI pages
• Show Source

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Ubuntu 20.04 download link

I am trying to download ubuntu 20.04 LTS .But here there is a download link to download only ubuntu 22.04 LTS. So where will be the download file for Ubuntu 20.04LTS.

• 3 The answers below tell you where to go, but not how they knew to go there... FYI, the download page does have an OTHER WAYS TO DOWNLOAD section at the bottom, which mentions that "You can also find older releases ." –  A C Jun 7, 2022 at 19:57
• 1 I just googled it –  Irsu85 Jun 8, 2022 at 6:35

2 Answers 2

Past releases are avaliable for download here . That includes all the way back to 14.04. Click the one you want, and then select "Desktop image" if you want normal Ubuntu, or "Server install image" if you prefer no pre-installed GUI. Other files, including checksums and Bittorrent versions of the ISOs are further down the per-release page.

Releases prior to 14.04 can be downloaded from this page *.

*Downloading (and running) EOL/EoSS can (and usually does) have security implications. That said, I will not discuss the risks of downloading EOL/EoSS releases here other that to say I do not suggest it, and that those releases are off-topic on Ask Ubuntu

The older versions of Ubuntu are indeed not availible via the standard download page, so you have to search the release archive. For the newest iteration of 20.04 LTS, use this page: https://releases.ubuntu.com/20.04/ . For other releases, make the number at the end the release number and it will redirect you to the download page.

I will warn you though, old releases may have security issues that are fixed in newer releases. This shouldn't be a problem for 20.04 though, since it's still supported.

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Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS released

The Ubuntu team is pleased to announce the release of Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS (Long-Term Support) for its Desktop, Server, and Cloud products, as well as other flavours of Ubuntu with long-term support.

Like previous LTS series, 20.04.2 includes hardware enablement stacks for use on newer hardware. This support is offered on all architectures.

Ubuntu Server defaults to installing the GA kernel; however you may select the HWE kernel from the installer bootloader.

As usual, this point release includes many updates, and updated installation media has been provided so that fewer updates will need to be downloaded after installation. These include security updates and corrections for other high-impact bugs, with a focus on maintaining stability and compatibility with Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.

Kubuntu 20.04.2 LTS, Ubuntu Budgie 20.04.2 LTS, Ubuntu MATE 20.04.2 LTS, Lubuntu 20.04.2 LTS, Ubuntu Kylin 20.04.2 LTS, Ubuntu Studio 20.04.2 LTS, and Xubuntu 20.04.2 LTS are also now available. More details can be found in their individual release notes:

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/FocalFossa/ReleaseNotes#Official_flavours

Maintenance updates will be provided for 5 years for Ubuntu Desktop, Ubuntu Server, Ubuntu Cloud, and Ubuntu Core. All the remaining flavours will be supported for 3 years. Additional security support is available with ESM (Extended Security Maintenance).

To get Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS

In order to download Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS, visit:

https://ubuntu.com/download

Users of Ubuntu 18.04 LTS will soon be offered an automatic upgrade to 20.04.2 LTS via Update Manager. For further information about upgrading, see:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/FocalUpgrades

As always, upgrades to the latest version of Ubuntu are entirely free of charge.

We recommend that all users read the 20.04.2 LTS release notes, which document caveats and workarounds for known issues, as well as more in-depth notes on the release itself. They are available at:

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/FocalFossa/ReleaseNotes

If you have a question, or if you think you may have found a bug but aren’t sure, you can try asking in any of the following places:

#ubuntu on irc.freenode.net https://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/ubuntu-users https://ubuntuforums.org https://askubuntu.com

Help Shape Ubuntu

If you would like to help shape Ubuntu, take a look at the list of ways you can participate at:

https://discourse.ubuntu.com/contribute

About Ubuntu

Ubuntu is a full-featured Linux distribution for desktops, laptops, clouds and servers, with a fast and easy installation and regular releases. A tightly-integrated selection of excellent applications is included, and an incredible variety of add-on software is just a few clicks away.

Professional services including support are available from Canonical and hundreds of other companies around the world. For more information about support, visit:

https://ubuntu.com/support

More Information

You can learn more about Ubuntu and about this release on our website listed below:

https://ubuntu.com/

To sign up for future Ubuntu announcements, please subscribe to Ubuntu’s very low volume announcement list at:

https://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/ubuntu-announce

Originally posted to the ubuntu-announce mailing list on Thu Feb 4 20:00:25 UTC 2021 by Łukasz ‘sil2100’ Zemczak, on behalf of the Ubuntu Release Team

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