nonimmigrant visa vs tourist visa

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Nonimmigrant and tourist visas

Find out how to work in the U.S. or visit as a student or tourist. Learn how to renew your visa and what to do if your visa is lost.

How to apply for or renew a U.S. tourist visa

If you visit the U.S. for tourism or business, you may need a visitor visa, also known as a tourist visa. Learn how to get and renew this type of nonimmigrant visa.

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B-1/B-2 Visitor Visa, Explained

Understanding the b visas for u.s. business and tourism, in this guide.

• How long does it take to get a B-1/B-2 visa? 
• How many times can you visit the U.S. with a B-1/B-2 Visa? 
• B-1/B-2 Visa Cost
• Can you change status from B1/B2?
• Required documents for a travel visa
• Frequently Asked Questions
• Boundless guides
• B-1/B-2 Visas

What is a B-1/B-2 visa?

A B-1/B-2 visa is a non-immigrant , visa that allows foreign nationals to travel to the United States temporarily for business (B-1), tourism (B-2), or a mix of both (B1/B2). This visa category is widely used for brief visits to the U.S. B visas are typically valid for up to 10 years from the issue date, and travelers to the U.S. can stay up to 180 days, with the option to return to the U.S. again after that time.

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How long does it take to get a B-1/B-2 visa?

As of December 2023, the average wait time (processing time) for most B1/B2 visa interview appointments is between 2 months (Brazil) to 2+ years (Canada). To check the wait time for your specific embassy or consulate, enter your city in this  handy State Department tool  under the section “Appointment Wait Time.” Note that if you are applying for an interview in a country other than your home country, wait times may be longer.

How long can you stay in the USA on a B-1/B-2 Visa?

A maximum of 6 months may be obtained for any B-1/B-2 entry, with the possibility for extensions within the U.S. in qualifying cases. The exact duration varies per visa holder, but you can typically stay in the U.S. for up to six months. The B1/B2 visa is a multiple-entry visa, which means you can use it to enter the U.S. more than once. There’s no set limit to the number of times you can visit the U.S. in a year, and it depends on the specific circumstances and discretion of the CBP officers who review your case each time you enter.

It’s important to remember that the B1/B2 visa is intended for temporary, occasional visits for business, tourism, or medical treatment. It’s not meant to be used for living long-term in the U.S. or spending the majority of your time in the country.

What’s the difference between a B1 visa and a B2 visa?

The B1 is used for short business trips (conferences, meetings, contract negotiations, etc). Those with B1 visas cannot work in the U.S. in the traditional sense, as of March 2023, B1 or B2 visa holders can apply for jobs in the U.S. and attend interviews. 

The B2 (tourist visa) is for tourism, vacation, or visiting friends and family. It also covers certain medical treatments and participation in social events or contests, like music or sports, without receiving pay. In most cases, a B1/B2 visa is issued together, allowing the holder to travel for both business and pleasure. 

How many times can you visit the U.S. with a B-1/B-2 Visa?

Depending on the context, the number of times you can visit the U.S. with a B visa varies. B1B2 visas are multiple-entry, meaning they can be used to enter the U.S. more than once. There’s no set limit to the number of times you can visit the U.S. in a year, and it depends on the specific circumstances and discretion of the CBP officers who review your case each time you enter.

If officers think you’re trying to live in the U.S. through frequent or extended visits, or if you’re not maintaining significant ties to your home country, they may suspect you’re misusing the visa, which could lead to denial of entry or future visa issues.

While there’s no official limit, it’s vital to respect the purpose and restrictions of your visa to avoid any problems. If you need guidance on your specific situation, it’s a good idea to consult with an immigration expert.

Currently, the government filing fee for a B visa is $185, which does not include the cost of gathering documents and evidence and acquiring passport photos.

Boundless has helped more than 100,000 people navigate the visa application process, and we’ll help you make a travel visa plan based on your unique situation. Get started today!

B visa requirements

A B1/B2 visitor visa is for many types of trips to the U.S., including business and non-business activities like tourism. If you want to apply for a B1 or B2 visa, you need to prove that your trip to the U.S. is only for a short time.

You must also show proof that you plan to return to your home country after your visit, and that you have a place to live outside the U.S. that you will not leave for good. These points help show that you will follow the rules of the B1/B2 visa.

Reasons for travel under a B1 visitor visa include:

• Business consultations : This might include meetings, negotiations, or discussions with business associates in the U.S.
• Attending conferences or seminars : This can cover professional, educational, scientific, or business conventions.
• Settling an estate : If someone inherits property or assets in the U.S., a B1 visa can allow them to handle these matters legally.
• Contract negotiations : If a person needs to sign or negotiate a contract with a U.S. company, a B1 visa is often the correct choice.
• Professional examination and licensing : Some professionals must be in the U.S. to take exams or get licenses only available there.

Reasons for travel under a B2 tourist visa include:

• Tourism : This could be sightseeing, visiting famous landmarks, exploring cities, or simply enjoying the country’s culture and atmosphere.
• Visiting family or friends : Many people use a B2 visa to visit their loved ones living in the U.S.
• Medical treatment : If someone requires medical treatment or a procedure that’s available in the U.S., they might apply for a B2 visa.
• Social events : Attending events like concerts, cooking classes, conventions, festivals, or other social gatherings can be another reason for using a B2 visa.
• Participation in events or contests : If the event doesn’t involve professional participation (like amateur tournaments or contests), a B2 visa could be suitable.
• Short courses of study : If the course duration is less than 18 hours per week, this falls under B2 visa regulations.

You cannot travel under this visa to engage any of the following:

• Long-term employment by a U.S. firm
• Paid performances, or any professional performance before a paying audience
• Arrival as a crewmember on a ship or aircraft
• Work as foreign press, in radio, film, print journalism, or other information media
• Permanent residence in the United States

Boundless has helped more than 100,000 people with their immigration and U.S. travel plans. We’ll be your partner from beginning to end. Get started today!

Boundless tip

The Visa Waiver Program allows nationals from certain countries to travel to the United States without a visa for business, tourism, or while in transit for up to 90 days. The program currently covers 38 countries and territories, including most countries in the European Union.

Canadian nationals also typically do not need a visa to enter the US for tourism purposes. Canadian nationals will need the appropriate visa if they have specific plans to study, work, or move permanently to the U.S.

Different entry requirements also apply to Canadian nationals, depending on whether they plan to work, study, invest, or immigrate. The maximum length of stay can vary, depending on circumstances, between 6 months and 1 year.

The B1 visa and B2 visa do not grant  permanent resident status  — they are temporary visas – but you can adjust your status from a B1/B2 visa to another type of visa while you are in the U.S., as long as you meet certain requirements. This process involves submitting a change of status application to U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).

Here are a few key points to consider:

Key points to consider if you want to change status from B1/B2

• Purpose of stay : Your reason for wanting to stay in the U.S. should match the new visa type. For example, if you wish to study, you may apply to change to a student visa (F-1). If you find an employer willing to sponsor you, you could apply to change to a work visa (like H-1B).
• Timing : You should apply before your current status expires, typically indicated on the I-94 Arrival/Departure Record. USCIS recommends applying at least 45 days before your current status expires.
• Eligibility : Not everyone can change their status. For example, you cannot change your status if you entered the U.S. under the Visa Waiver Program unless it is due to marriage to a U.S. citizen.
• Status violation : If you’ve violated the terms of your current status (for instance, if you’ve started working while on a B1/B2 visa without authorization), you usually can’t change your status.
• Approval : Even if you meet all conditions and file an application, the final decision is up to USCIS.

If you’ve just married someone who’s a U.S. citizen or a permanent resident (they have a green card), you can also apply for a marriage green card. This lets you stay in the U.S. and live with your spouse. You can either apply for a green card while you’re still in the country in a process is called “adjustment of status” (AOS), or you can apply from your home country through what’s called consular processing. To find out if you’re eligible for a B1B2 visa or to change your status from a B1B2 visa, take our eligibility quiz. Get started today!

Documents needed to apply for a B1/B2 visa include:

• A passport valid for six months past the date of return
• A recent digital photograph that meets government requirements
• Documentation of the past five previous trips to the United States, if applicable
• Proof of funds to cover the entire cost of the trip, including travel, accommodation, and living expenses
• Proof of binding ties to the applicant’s home country, such as a job, property, or family

B1/B2 visa application process

Applications are processed by the United States Embassy or consulate in your country.

You will need to attend an interview before your visa is approved. You can attend an interview at an embassy or consulate in a third country, but you will likely wait longer for a visa appointment.

Steps to getting a B Visa

• First, you must complete the Online Non-Immigrant Application, Form DS-160. File the form online and print the confirmation page as you will need it for your interview.
• Upload your digital photo
• Attend the visa interview

As part of the process, ink-free, digital fingerprint scans are taken, typically at the interview. After the interview, the consular officer may request additional documents or information to make a decision about your case.

Boundless’ Travel Visa Service makes applying a breeze with online filing, 1:1 interview coaching, interview scheduling, and support if your visa is denied. Take our approval odds quiz to check your eligibility.

B-1 visas are issued for short business trips, while B-2 visas are issued for tourism purposes, such as vacations or visiting family.

If you’re looking to temporarily visit the U.S. for either holiday or work purposes, for example, attending a conference, touring a place or visiting relatives, then you can apply for a B-1/B-2 visa. You may need to show proof that you have ties to your home country, and that you plan on leaving the U.S..

When you enter the U.S., a customs officer will give you authorization to stay in the the country for up to six months . If you’d like to stay for longer, you may be able to apply to extend this for up to one year.

If you are nearing the end of your permitted stay in the U.S., then you may wish to extend it, especially since there can be future consequences if you stay in the U.S. longer than you were allowed to.

If you’re on a B-1 visa or a B-2 visa, you can request to extend your stay up to one year. To do this, you will need to file Form I-539 to extend or change your status. It’s recommended that you apply to extend your status at least 45 days before your authorized stay expires, so make sure you’re thinking ahead.

No. While you can enter the U.S. for business purposes, you cannot work or be employed by a U.S. employer. If you’re interested in working in the U.S. for a U.S. employer, you may be interested in other visa categories, such as the H-1B visa .

How can I renew my B1 visa or B2 visa?

If you would like to renew your B-1/B-2 visa, then you will need to go through the original process. Depending on the U.S. embassy or consulate where you apply, you may be able to complete your visa renewal without the need for an interview.

Should I apply for a B-1/B-2 visa or an ESTA?

If you are a citizen of one of the 38 countries that are part of the Visa Waiver Program , then you have the option of applying for an ESTA instead of a B1 visa or B2 visa.

Both allow you to enter the U.S. for the same reasons of tourism or business, but you can apply for the ESTA online. Entering the U.S. this way only permits you to stay for up to 90 days, however, so if you would like to stay in the U.S. for travel or business purposes for longer, the B-1/B-2 visitor visa may be an option for you.

Do Canadian citizens need a B-1/B-2 visa?

For casual business or tourism travel, most Canadian citizens don’t need a visa and will automatically be admitted on a B-1 visa or B-2 visa category.

Is the B-1/B-2 visa an immigrant or non-immigrant visa?

The B-1/B-2 visa is a non-immigrant visa, but if your circumstances change, for example, you marry a U.S. citizen or permanent resident, there are several paths from a visitor visa to a green card . Learn more to see how Boundless can help you avoid major headaches and make the process easier.

Do I need a certain amount of money in my bank account to be approved for a travel visa?

No. A common misconception about the travel visa process is that in order be approved, you must provide proof of a certain amount of funds in your bank account. Although financial considerations are one aspect of the B-1/B-2 process, and the consular officer may check to see if you are able to support yourself financially during your time in the U.S., there is no minimum required amount of funds that needs to be met. Evaluation of finances will vary from applicant to applicant, depending on a variety of other factors. Learn more common myths about the travel visa process in Boundless’ blog post .

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Tourist Visa vs. Visitor Visa

What's the difference.

A tourist visa and a visitor visa are both types of visas that allow individuals to travel to a foreign country for a temporary period. However, there are some key differences between the two. A tourist visa is typically issued for the purpose of leisure travel, such as sightseeing, visiting friends or family, or engaging in recreational activities. On the other hand, a visitor visa is a broader category that encompasses various purposes, including tourism, business meetings, attending conferences, or receiving medical treatment. Additionally, tourist visas often have shorter validity periods and may restrict the duration of stay, while visitor visas can have longer validity periods and allow for extended stays. The specific requirements and application processes for these visas may vary depending on the country and its immigration policies.

Further Detail

Introduction.

When planning a trip abroad, it is essential to understand the different types of visas available. Two common visa options for travelers are the Tourist Visa and the Visitor Visa. While both visas allow individuals to enter a foreign country for a temporary period, they have distinct attributes that cater to specific travel purposes. In this article, we will explore the similarities and differences between these two visa types, helping you make an informed decision for your next international adventure.

Tourist Visa

A Tourist Visa is designed for individuals who plan to visit a foreign country for leisure, recreation, or tourism purposes. It allows travelers to explore the country's attractions, engage in sightseeing, and experience the local culture. Tourist Visas typically have a limited validity period, ranging from a few weeks to several months, depending on the destination country's regulations.

One of the key features of a Tourist Visa is that it prohibits individuals from engaging in any form of paid work or business activities during their stay. The primary intention is to ensure that tourists do not take away employment opportunities from the local population. However, travelers are usually allowed to participate in volunteer work or attend short-term educational courses that do not lead to formal qualifications.

Obtaining a Tourist Visa often requires providing proof of sufficient funds to cover the travel expenses, such as accommodation, transportation, and daily expenses. Additionally, applicants may need to demonstrate a return ticket or onward travel plans to prove their intention to leave the country before the visa expires. Some countries may also require travelers to have travel insurance to cover any potential medical expenses during their stay.

It is important to note that Tourist Visas do not grant individuals the right to reside or work in the foreign country for an extended period. If someone wishes to stay longer or engage in business activities, they may need to explore other visa options, such as a Business Visa or a Work Visa.

Visitor Visa

A Visitor Visa, also known as a Temporary Resident Visa or a Non-Immigrant Visa, is a broader category that encompasses various travel purposes, including tourism, business, medical treatment, or visiting family and friends. Unlike a Tourist Visa, a Visitor Visa allows individuals to engage in a wider range of activities during their stay, depending on the specific visa subclass and the regulations of the destination country.

Visitor Visas often have longer validity periods compared to Tourist Visas, allowing individuals to stay for several months or even years. This flexibility is particularly beneficial for individuals who plan to visit family members, pursue long-term medical treatments, or engage in business activities that require an extended presence in the foreign country.

Similar to Tourist Visas, Visitor Visas may require applicants to provide proof of sufficient funds to cover their stay, return or onward travel plans, and travel insurance. However, depending on the purpose of the visit, additional documentation may be necessary. For example, individuals applying for a Business Visitor Visa may need to provide an invitation letter from a business partner or a conference registration confirmation.

It is important to note that some countries have specific Visitor Visa subclasses tailored to different purposes. For instance, a Medical Treatment Visa may be required for individuals seeking specialized medical care abroad, while a Business Visitor Visa may be necessary for attending conferences, meetings, or exploring business opportunities. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the specific requirements and restrictions associated with the intended purpose of the visit.

While both Tourist Visas and Visitor Visas serve the purpose of temporary travel, there are several key differences between the two:

1. Permitted Activities

A Tourist Visa generally restricts individuals from engaging in any form of paid work or business activities. On the other hand, a Visitor Visa allows individuals to participate in a wider range of activities, such as attending business meetings, conferences, or seeking medical treatment. The specific activities permitted may vary depending on the purpose of the visit and the regulations of the destination country.

2. Validity Period

Tourist Visas typically have shorter validity periods compared to Visitor Visas. They are often issued for a specific duration, such as 30 days or 90 days, depending on the country's regulations. In contrast, Visitor Visas may have longer validity periods, ranging from several months to several years, allowing individuals to stay for an extended period based on their travel purpose.

3. Documentation Requirements

Both Tourist Visas and Visitor Visas require applicants to provide certain documentation to support their visa application. However, the specific requirements may vary. Tourist Visas usually require proof of sufficient funds, return or onward travel plans, and travel insurance. Visitor Visas may have additional requirements based on the purpose of the visit, such as invitation letters, conference registrations, or medical treatment documentation.

4. Travel Intent

The primary intention behind a Tourist Visa is leisure, recreation, and tourism. It is meant for individuals who plan to explore the country's attractions and experience the local culture. On the other hand, a Visitor Visa caters to a broader range of travel purposes, including business, medical treatment, or visiting family and friends. The travel intent plays a crucial role in determining the appropriate visa type for a specific trip.

5. Long-Term Stay

If someone intends to stay in a foreign country for an extended period, a Visitor Visa is usually the more suitable option. While Tourist Visas have limited validity periods, Visitor Visas may allow individuals to stay for several months or even years, depending on the specific visa subclass and the regulations of the destination country.

Choosing between a Tourist Visa and a Visitor Visa depends on the purpose of your travel and the activities you plan to engage in during your stay. If your primary intention is leisure, recreation, and tourism, a Tourist Visa would be the appropriate choice. However, if you require more flexibility to engage in business activities, seek medical treatment, or visit family and friends, a Visitor Visa would be more suitable.

It is crucial to thoroughly research the visa requirements and regulations of the destination country to ensure a smooth and hassle-free travel experience. Consulting with the respective embassy or consulate can provide you with accurate and up-to-date information regarding the specific visa types, documentation requirements, and permitted activities. By understanding the attributes of Tourist Visas and Visitor Visas, you can make an informed decision and embark on your international adventure with confidence.

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• For International Visitors
• Visa Waiver Program

Requirements for Immigrant and Nonimmigrant Visas

There are two categories of U.S. visas: immigrant and nonimmigrant. Immigrant visas are issued to foreign nationals who intend to live permanently in the United States. Nonimmigrant visas are for foreign nationals wishing to enter the United States on a temporary basis - for tourism, medical treatment, business, temporary work, study, or other similar reasons.

Immigrant Visa

An immigrant visa is issued to a foreign national who intends to live and work permanently in the United States. In most cases, a relative or employer sponsors the individual by filing an application with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). Certain applicants such as workers with extraordinary ability, investors, and certain special immigrants can petition on their own behalf. The application is later forwarded to the appropriate U.S. Consulate or Embassy overseas for continued processing and issuance of the immigrant visa to the intending immigrant, if eligible. An intending immigrant must present the immigrant visa at a U.S. port-of-entry prior to the expiration of the immigrant visa. An intending immigrant becomes a lawful permanent resident once the immigrant visa and accompanying paperwork is reviewed and endorsed by a CBP Officer. For specific information regarding immigrant visa classifications and requirements, refer to the USCIS website or the Department of State website.

Non-Immigrant Visa

Nonimmigrant visas are issued to foreign nationals seeking to enter the United States on a temporary basis for tourism, business, medical treatment and certain types of temporary work. The type of nonimmigrant visa needed is defined by immigration law, and related to the purpose of the travel. Generally, an individual applies directly to the U.S. consulate or embassy abroad for a tourist (B-2) or business nonimmigrant (B-1) visa. However, foreign nationals seeking to enter the United States to study or work may require certain authorization and documentation prior to applying for a nonimmigrant visa. For an alphabetical listing all of the nonimmigrant visa classifications and specific requirements refer to the USCIS website. or the U.S. Department of State website.

Issuance of a visa does not guarantee entry to the United States. A visa simply indicates that a U.S. consular officer at an American embassy or consulate has reviewed the application and that officer has determined that the individual is eligible to enter the country for a specific purpose. The CBP Officer at the port-of-entry will conduct an inspection to determine if the individual is eligible for admission under U.S. immigration law.

Visa Free Travel

U.S. policy permits citizens of certain countries as identified below to travel to the United States without a visa. The Visa Waiver Program (VWP) permits nationals from designated countries to apply for admission to the United States for 90 days or less as nonimmigrant visitors for business or pleasure without first obtaining a U.S. nonimmigrant visa.

At the time of application for admission, a VWP applicant must:

Be in possession of a round-trip ticket that will transport the individual out of the United States to any other foreign port or place as long as the trip does not terminate in contiguous territory or an ; except that the round trip ticket may transport the traveler to contiguous territory or an , if the traveler is a resident of the country of destination or if arriving at a land border, provide evidence of financial solvency and a domicile abroad to which the traveler intends to return;

• Be arriving on designated carrier that is signatory to a Visa Waiver Program Agreement, if applicable;
• Have a machine-readable passport valid for 6 months beyond the period of intended stay, or essentially 9 months (90 days + 6 months). The Department of State's 6-month list extending the validity of certain foreign passports can be found on the Department of State website. (A traveler with an expired passport is ineligible for VWP admission); and,
• Complete an Arrival/Departure Form I-94W. Travelers arriving at a land border will be required to pay the required Form I-94W processing fee.

In addition, VWP visitors may not file an application to change status to an immigrant or another nonimmigrant classification or extend their stay beyond the 90-day timeframe. VWP applicants waive their right to proceedings before an Immigration Judge, unless they make an asylum application.

Visa Waiver Program Frequently Asked Questions

For additional information about the Visa Waiver Program , refer to the Department of State website.

• Adjustment of Status
• E-2      Treaty Investors
• E-3      Australian Speciality Workers
• Green Cards
• H-1B    Specialty Workers
• H-1B1  Chileans and Singaporeans
• H-3     Trainees
• International Entrepreneur Parole
• K-1       Fiance or Fiancee
• L-1       Intra-company Transfers
• Marriage to a U.S. Citizen
• O-1      Extraordinary Ability
• P-1       Athletes or Entertainers
• P-3      Artists or Entertainers
• TN (Canada)     NAFTA Professional
• TN (Mexico)     NAFTA Professional

Immigrant Visas Vs. Nonimmigrant Visas

Introduction.

Most foreign nationals require a visa to the enter the U.S. It is the purpose of your intended visit to the US that determines what visa options are available to you.

The visa indicates that your application has been reviewed by a US consular officer at an American embassy or consulate, and that the consular officer has determined that you are eligible for the visa classification for the specific purpose you sought.

Note: While the visa allows you to travel to the United States, it only gets you as far as the port of entry (airport or land border crossing). The Customs & Border Protection officer at the port of entry must determine whether to admit you, in what classification to admit you and how long you can stay .

There are two main categories of visas: immigrant visas and nonimmigrant visas .

Purpose of Visit – How does it determine the best visa category for me?

Nonimmigrant visas are issued to those who intend to enter the U.S. for a temporary purpose. There are more than 30 types of visas available within the nonimmigrant classification, covering a broad variety of reasons why someone may come to the U.S. for a short time. These reasons run the gamut from tourism to business to employment in the U.S.

Immigrant visas are granted to those who intend to live and work permanently in the U.S. and are generally on a path to US citizenship.

In this article we look at the immigrant and nonimmigrant visa categories in more detail.

Immigrant Visas:

Immigrant visas are for people who want to move to the U.S. permanently.  Those who are granted an immigrant visa come to the U.S. and become Lawful Permanent Residents or “green card holders” and are put on a path to US citizenship. Most immigrant visa applicants fall into one of three main categories- family sponsored, employment sponsored or special immigrants. Almost all immigrant visa applicants, except Diversity Visa Lottery winners, must be a direct beneficiary or derivative beneficiary of an immigrant petition.

DID YOU KNOW? Immigrant visas are subject to  numerical limitations . That means that each of the immigrant visa categories has a certain number of allotted visas. Once the quota is filled, a “waiting list” is created that may delay your arrival into the U.S.

Immigrant visa categories:

Immediate Relative And Family Sponsored

1. Immediate Relatives

a. Spouse of a US citizen

b. Parents of a US citizen

c. Child of a US citizen (unmarried and under the age of 21)

d. Unmarried adult son or daughter of a US citizen (over the age of 21)

e. Spouse and children of a Lawful Permanent Resident of the US

f. Married son or daughter of a US citizen

g. Brother or sister of a US citizen

Employer Sponsored

• Aliens of extraordinary ability, outstanding professors and researchers, and multinational executives and managers
• Professionals holding advanced degrees and persons of exceptional ability
• Skilled workers and professionals, and other workers
• Alien entrepreneurs investing $1 million (or $500,000) in the U.S.

Special Immigrants (includes)

• Employment: Iraqi or Afghan Translators/Interpreters
• Employment: Iraqis – Worked for/on behalf of US Government
• Employment: Religious Workers
• Employment: Physician National Interest Waiver
• Non-employment: Juvenile Court Dependents

Diversity Visa Program

Visas provided are drawn from countries with low rates of immigration to the US. Unlike other types of immigrant visas, Diversity Visas (DV) do not require a US sponsor, and therefore a petition is not needed.

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Nonimmigrant Visas:

Nonimmigrant visas are for people with a permanent residence outside the US who wish to come to the US on a temporary basis. US law requires that people who apply for most nonimmigrant visas provide evidence that they do not intend to immigrate to the United States.  There are, however, several categories of nonimmigrant visas that do allow the nonimmigrant visa applicant to have dual-intent, i.e., s/he has the intent to come to come to the U.S. on a temporary basis while also having the intent to immigrant permanently.

As mentioned above, there are over 20 nonimmigrant visa categories. Some of them are:

• A (Diplomatic and Other Government Officials, Immediate Family members, and Employees).
• B-1 and  B-2  (Visitors for Business or Pleasure)
• C (Aliens in Transit)
• D (Crewmen)
• E-1 ,   E-2  (Treaty Traders and Investors) or E-3 (Australian Specialty Occupation Workers)
• F (Academic Students and dependents)
• G (Foreign Government Officials and Certain Immediate Family members)
• H-1B ,  H-1B1 , H-2A ,  H-2B  or  H-3  (Temporary Workers)
• J-1 (but only Exchange Visitors subject to the two-year foreign residence requirement, with certain exceptions)
• K-1  or  K-2  (Fiancé(e) or Dependent of Fiancé(e))
• K-3  and  K-4  (Spouse of U.S. Citizen and Minor Child Accompanying/Following to Join)
• L-1 (Intra-company Transferees)
• M-1  (Vocational student changing to  F-1  or H-1B if the M training helped him or her qualify for the H classification)
• NATO (NATO Representatives, Officials, Employees, and Immediate Family members)
• O-1  or  O-2  (Aliens with Extraordinary Ability)
• P-1 ,  P-2 , or  P-3  (Athletes and Entertainers and their essential support personnel)
• Q-1 (International Cultural Exchange)
• R-1  (Religious Workers)
• S (Witness or Informant)
• TN  (NAFTA Professionals)

An Applicant for a nonimmigrant visa category must be able to prove eligibility in that visa category. Some visa categories (e.g. H-1, L-1, O/P, etc.) require prior approval of the proper petition or application from U.S. Citizenship & Immigration Services. Other visa categories (F, M, J, diplomatic visas) require very specific forms of documentation/forms to prove their eligibility for that specific visa category. Ultimately, the consular officer makes the final decision on whether to issue the appropriate visa after assessing eligibility and admissibility. Prior approval from the relevant authorities does not guarantee issuance of the visa.

My Case Scenario Julianne

Julianne, a national of Armenia, wants to come to the US to visit her cousin in Boston. She would like to come to the US permanently but is in university and wants to finish her degree before trying immigrate. She has an appointment with the consulate next week and thinks she has all the documentation she needs to get a visitor visa. Will she be denied a visitor visa because she wants to eventually immigrate to the US?

A desire to immigrate by itself is not a sufficient reason to deny a visa. Julianne must show that she at this point in time she has a residence in Armenia that she will return to, and that she has compelling reasons to return (i.e., family, university, property). Since she has not taken any affirmative steps to seek an immigrant visa her future desire should not be enough to keep her from getting a visitor visa now.

The Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) and its numerous amendments are the basis for most immigration laws in effect today.

Though both the immigrant and nonimmigrant visa categories have their own pros and cons, individuals need to decide the category most suitable for them based on the immediate purpose of the travel to the US and other qualifying factors.

If you have questions about immigrant or nonimmigrant visa or which visa is right for you, please Consult a VisaPro immigration Attorney . We will be happy to guide you through the process.

What VisaPro Customers Are Saying

[VisaPro legal team] was incredibly knowledgable and extremely helpful throughout the process. We were exceptionally impressed with how they have combined the great personal and communication skills they bring and also technology with a highly intuitive website which guides you and keeps you updated throughout the process……..This is a true testimonial, I would highly recommend VisaPro to anyone looking for guidance and success in this area."

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Immigrant vs. Non-Immigrant Visas: Understanding the Key Differences

Understanding the key differences between immigrant and non-immigrant visas is crucial. immigrant visas are for individuals planning to permanently live and work in a foreign country, while non-immigrant visas are temporary and allow visitors, students, or workers to stay for a limited period. knowing these distinctions is essential for navigating the immigration process..

Quick Glance:

• Understanding the difference between immigrant and non-immigrant visas is crucial for international travelers and settlers.
• Immigrant visas are for those seeking permanent residency , while non-immigrant visas are temporary for specific purposes.
• It’s important to follow visa rules , maintain proper documentation, and adhere to the duration of your stay. Embarking on a journey to a new country can be exciting and full of promise. Whether you’re seeking to explore new horizons as a tourist, dive into academic studies, join family members, or begin a new job, understanding the difference between immigrant and non-immigrant visas serves as your foundational guide. Simplifying this key aspect of immigration law can help you navigate the process with greater confidence.

Understanding Visas: The Basics

A visa is like a key that unlocks the door to a country. It’s an official document or stamp placed in your passport that grants you permission to enter, stay, or leave that country for a specific purpose and duration. Visas come in two primary forms: immigrant and non-immigrant. The distinction between the two hinges on your intention or the purpose of your stay.

Immigrant Visas: For the Long-Term Settler

An immigrant visa is for those who intend to make their new country a permanent home. If you’re planning on moving to another country to live there permanently, this is the path for you.

• Permanent Residency : Individuals with immigrant visas often seek permanent residency, colloquially known as getting a Green Card in the United States. This entitles them to work, live, and study in the country without the time restrictions imposed on non-immigrant visa holders.
• Family-Based Connections: Many immigrant visas are issued based on family connections, such as being married to a citizen or being the child or parent of one.
• Employment Prospects: Others may receive an immigrant visa due to employment prospects, where companies sponsor the individual because of their unique skills or qualifications.
• Diversity Programs: Additionally, some countries offer immigrant visas through diversity lottery programs aimed at increasing the diversity of the immigrant population.

Upon approval, immigrant visa holders embark on a path that can ultimately lead to citizenship, should they choose to naturalize.

Also of Interest:

H1b layoff: can i get return trip costs covered, filing your own perm when company process is paused.

Non-Immigrant Visas: The Temporary Visitor

Non-immigrant visas cater to those who have a specific reason for visiting a country but do not intend to stay permanently.

• Tourism and Business: These visas include categories for tourists, business travelers, and those embarking on short-term work assignments.
• Studying Abroad: Students from around the globe often use non-immigrant visas to attend school, whether for high school exchange programs or advanced university degrees.
• Temporary Work: Additionally, there are temporary work visas for individuals who fill specific roles for a set period, such as seasonal agricultural work or specialized industries like technology or entertainment.

“Non-immigrant visas are suited for individuals whose main life and home are outside the country they wish to visit,” an immigration expert might explain. “It’s important to adhere to the conditions and duration of your visa to maintain legal status .”

Following the Rules: Staying Compliant

Whether you’re a holder of an immigrant or non-immigrant visa, it’s crucial to follow the rules associated with your visa status. Failing to do so can result in your visa being revoked and could have long-term implications for future travel.

• Proper Documentation: Always maintain proper documentation and renew your status as required.
• Report Changes: Report any changes in your situation, as certain changes may necessitate a different visa category.
• Respect Duration: Adhere strictly to the duration of your stay as dictated by your visa. Overstaying can lead to penalties and challenges in obtaining visas in the future.

Applying for Your Visa

Ready to take the next step? Applying for either type of visa typically involves filling out detailed applications, providing supporting documents, and attending an interview at the respective consulate or embassy. It’s a process often filled with paperwork and patience.

For the most current and detailed information, always refer to official resources such as the U.S. Department of State – Bureau of Consular Affairs or the equivalent authority in your destination country.

In conclusion, understanding the key differences between immigrant and non-immigrant visas is essential for any would-be international traveler or settler. While an immigrant visa is your ticket to a new life in a new country, a non-immigrant visa is like a round-trip ticket, meant for a visit with a return in mind. Knowing which visa aligns with your travel or living intentions is paramount in ensuring a smooth journey to your destination and compliance with the immigration laws of the land. Remember to always refer to the immigration laws specific to your destination to prevent any unforeseen hurdles in your grand adventure.

So there you have it – the lowdown on immigrant and non-immigrant visas! It’s like having a key to a new country, whether you’re settling down or just visiting. And if you want to dive deeper into the world of visas, head over to visaverge.com for more fascinating info. Get ready to unlock new adventures! Cheers, my fellow tech-savvy traveler! 🌍✈️

FAQ’s to know:

FAQ 1: What is the difference between an immigrant visa and a non-immigrant visa?

An immigrant visa is for individuals who intend to permanently settle in a new country, while a non-immigrant visa is for those who have a temporary purpose for visiting a country and do not intend to stay permanently.

FAQ 2: How can I obtain permanent residency with an immigrant visa?

Immigrant visas often lead to permanent residency, such as obtaining a Green Card in the United States. This entitles individuals to work, live, and study in the country without the time restrictions imposed on non-immigrant visa holders. Permanent residency can be based on family connections, employment prospects, or diversity lottery programs.

FAQ 3: What should I do to stay compliant with my visa status?

To stay compliant with your visa status, it is crucial to maintain proper documentation, report any changes in your situation, and adhere strictly to the duration of your stay as dictated by your visa. Failure to follow these rules can result in your visa being revoked and could have long-term implications for future travel.

What did you learn? Answer below to know:

• True or False: Immigrant visas are for individuals who intend to make the destination country their permanent home.
• What are some common reasons for obtaining a non-immigrant visa? a) Seeking permanent residency b) Joining family members in another country c) Participating in a diversity lottery program d) Attending school or engaging in temporary work
• Why is it important to adhere strictly to the duration of your stay as dictated by your visa? a) It can lead to penalties and legal challenges. b) It ensures you can renew your visa easily. c) It allows you to apply for permanent residency. d) It helps maintain proper documentation.

Did you Know?

Did You Know? 1. True or False: Immigrant visas are for individuals who intend to make the destination country their permanent home. 2. Did you know that non-immigrant visas are often issued for tourism, business travel, short-term work assignments, and studying abroad? 3. Did you know that immigrant visas can be obtained through family-based connections, employment prospects, and diversity lottery programs? 4. Are you aware that non-immigrant visa holders need to adhere strictly to the duration of their stay as dictated by their visa? Failure to do so can lead to penalties and legal challenges. 5. Did you know that obtaining a immigrant visa often leads to permanent residency, such as obtaining a Green Card in the United States? 6. Are you aware that certain countries offer immigrant visas through diversity lottery programs aimed at increasing the diversity of the immigrant population? 7. Did you know that immigrant visa holders often get the opportunity to work, live, and study in the destination country without the time restrictions imposed on non-immigrant visa holders? 8. Are you aware that proper documentation, reporting changes in your situation, and adhering strictly to the duration of your stay are crucial for staying compliant with your visa status? 9. Did you know that failure to follow the rules associated with your visa status can result in your visa being revoked and could have long-term implications for future travel? 10. Are you aware that applying for a visa often involves filling out detailed applications, providing supporting documents, and attending an interview at the respective consulate or embassy?

Learn Today: Key Terms Explained

Glossary or Definitions:

Visa: An official document or stamp placed in a passport that grants permission to enter, stay, or leave a country for a specific purpose and duration.

Immigrant Visa: A visa for individuals who intend to make the destination country their permanent home. It allows holders to seek permanent residency and often leads to obtaining a Green Card, which grants the right to work, live, and study in the country without time restrictions.

Permanent Residency: Obtaining the legal right to live and work indefinitely in a country. It is often associated with immigrant visas and is colloquially known as obtaining a Green Card in the United States.

Non-Immigrant Visa: A visa for individuals who have a temporary purpose for visiting a country and do not intend to stay permanently. It includes categories for tourism, business, studying abroad, and temporary work assignments.

Green Card: A commonly used term for a Permanent Resident Card, which allows foreign nationals to live and work permanently in the United States.

Family-Based Connections: A basis for immigrant visas, where individuals can obtain a visa through family connections by being married to a citizen or being the child or parent of a citizen.

Employment Prospects: A basis for immigrant visas, where individuals receive a visa due to their unique skills or qualifications, and are sponsored by a company for employment in another country.

Diversity Programs: Programs offered by some countries that provide immigrant visas through diversity lottery programs aimed at increasing the diversity of the immigrant population.

Legal Status: The condition of abiding by the rules and regulations set by the immigration authorities of the host country. Adhering to the conditions and duration of a visa is crucial for maintaining legal status.

Documentation: The process of obtaining and maintaining the necessary paperwork and documentation required for a visa, including passports, identification, supporting documents, and renewing status as required.

Duration of Stay: The period of time authorized by a visa during which an individual is allowed to stay in a country. Adhering strictly to the duration of stay is important to avoid penalties, legal challenges, and complications in future visa applications.

Consulate or Embassy: The diplomatic mission of a country in another country, where visa applications are submitted, interviews are conducted, and consular services are provided.

Bureau of Consular Affairs: A department within the U.S. Department of State responsible for administering visa programs and providing services to U.S. citizens abroad and foreign citizens visiting the United States.

Permanent Settlement: The act of intending to live in a new country on a permanent basis. Immigrant visas are typically used by individuals seeking permanent settlement.

Temporary Purpose: An intention to visit a country for a specific and temporary reason, such as tourism, business, or studying abroad. Non-immigrant visas are used for temporary purposes.

Revocation: The cancellation or invalidation of a visa by the immigration authorities due to non-compliance with visa rules or regulations.

Compliance: Adhering to the rules, regulations, and conditions associated with a visa status. Staying compliant is important to maintain legal status and avoid any negative consequences for future travel.

Application: The process of submitting detailed forms, providing supporting documents, and attending interviews at the consulate or embassy to obtain a visa.

Immigration Laws: The set of laws and regulations governing the entry, stay, and departure of individuals in a country. It is important to refer to the specific immigration laws of the destination country for accurate and up-to-date information.

Grand Adventure: Refers to the exciting journey and experiences involved in traveling to a new country, exploring new horizons, and potentially settling down.

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The 4 Basic Types of Travel Visas: Everything You Need To Know

Brian Graham

Former Content Contributor

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Keri Stooksbury

Editor-in-Chief

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Your Visa Status Determines Your Ability To Travel

Travel visa article series:, the 4 types of travel visa, tourist visas for u.s. passport holders, tourist  visas to the u.s., type #2 –  immigration visa requirements: obtaining permanent residence in the u.s., u.s. citizens studying abroad, foreign citizens studying in the u.s., type #4 –  work visa requirements: do your business abroad, change or adjustment of status: going from 1 visa to another, 10 top countries that require visas from the u.s., other special notes: passport validity and transit visas, visa centers and third-party visa services, visa application fees: how much and how to apply, visa conclusions: do your research or be turned away.

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You’ve likely heard of a travel visa before, but if you’re like most people, the phrase either overwhelmed or confused you! Who wants to think about government requirements when planning a well-deserved vacation anyway?

Then again, perhaps you haven’t heard it referred to as a “travel visa” because you’ve heard about 1 of the 2 main overall types of visas or 1 of the 4 sub-types.

We know this all sounds baffling, but it does not have to be!

In this series of articles, we’ll help you learn everything you need to know about travel visa requirements and how to get them sorted out for your upcoming trips!

A Series on Passport Visas: What ARE Visas Anyway? Do I Need a Visa?

Once you have obtained your very first passport (or simply renewed an old one ), you need to first understand “how it all works” when talking about traveling.

As much as we would like the world to be free, most of us still have to ask permission to travel around and visit countries other than our own. This idea will probably be around for a while, so it is best to understand it now.

Unfortunately, when we talk about the concept known as “visas,” we don’t mean our favorite credit card processing kind …this is the travel visa!

Whether you are a citizen of the U.S. or any other country, visas are universal. However, the requirements do vary by country, and since each visa represents a relationship between countries, they are unique to each case.

Because this is such an important part of travel that many people find hard to understand or annoying to deal with, we decided to do a series of posts on the visa itself.

Knowing the requirements is critical since you will not be able to travel without the proper visa status.

We will first explain the general aspects and different types of visas in this article and then describe each part of the different visas in upcoming articles until we have covered everything!

Equipped with this knowledge, you’ll be fully prepared for your trip and have all the information you need. This will ensure that you can continue using your credit cards to earn points and begin deciding where you want to redeem them for travel next!

Make sure to research travel visas when planning your next trip; it may save you lots of heartache and money!

• Part 1: The 4 Basic Types of Travel Visas: Everything You Need To Know (this article)
• Part 2: Tourist Visas TO other countries FROM the U.S. (general info)
• Part 2a: Tourist Visas to [Specific Country] FROM the U.S.
• Part 3: Tourist Visas FROM other countries TO the U.S.
• Part 4: U.S. Green Cards, Immigration, and How to Get Your Fiancé or Spouse into the Country
• Part 5: Student Visas and Studying Abroad
• Part 6: Working Abroad and Visa Requirements To/From the USA

What are The Different Types of Visas That Exist?

As you have seen, the visa is a travel “document” required to get both into and out of a country. These days, you simply get your passport stamped with a visa rather than getting a physical document, but sometimes you will see both.

All visas go hand in hand with your passport; you can think of your passport as your “visa holder.”

There are 2 over-arching categories of visas that apply to any country:

• Non-immigrant visas (meaning you do not become a citizen of that country)
• Immigrant visas (you do become a citizen of that country)

However, these 2 overall categories can be best discussed as 4 main sub-types of visa:

These 4 sub-types apply to every country in the world, though the requirements (or lack thereof) can vary widely, especially depending on which country you’re coming from.

Remember: Your travel may require pre-planning and approval from another government, so  before you go booking any crazy trips and after you’ve gotten your first passport (or get your old one renewed), you need to review the visa information for your destination!

This usually only takes a few minutes, but it can save you a lifetime of stress when you get closer to your trip.

In the U.S., a few examples of countries requiring a pre-approved visa include India, China, most African countries, and Russia.

There are lots of options, but you’ll likely find a tourist visa the easiest to obtain unless you’d like to stay somewhere for an extended period of time.

An immigration visa is the hardest to get, and most people will be unable to obtain this type of visa during their lifetime.

Bottom Line:   You may be tempted to just book trips and go, but when you get the travel itch, make sure to take a few minutes to research visa requirements first!

Type #1 – Tourist Visa Requirements: The Main Concern of Points Travelers

First, we’ll start with the tourist visa (also known as a visitor visa). This is probably the most important type for readers here on UpgradedPoints.com because it’s the visa that allows us to use all those awesome points we’ve obtained!

When talking about travel visas, it’s important to first understand where you are coming from , what your citizenship status is (which country you have your passport from), and where you plan on going .

For the majority of our readers, the place you’re coming from and your citizenship status will both be the U.S., but where you are going can obviously vary widely.

However, some of you may be coming from one country and traveling to another while holding citizenship in a third!

In this case, you must be careful to check travel requirements for your specific situation; otherwise, you could end up finding the wrong information and being unable to travel.

Note:  A tourist visa is a non-immigrant visa.

The good news for most of you is this: when traveling on a U.S. passport, you will not need a visa to visit 143 different countries and territories of the world.

Simply book travel to the desired country and show up on their doorstep (also known as Customs and Border Protection). They’ll probably ask you a couple of questions about your purpose of visit and your return date.

When traveling with a U.S. passport, Americans will need to apply for a tourist visa when visiting 37 countries. 10 of these countries issue e-visas where an application can be made online, while with the other 27 countries, a visit to an application center is usually required.

Visa on Arrival

43 countries require a visa on arrival. This means that once you land, you will speak with a border agent who will process a visa on-site.

For these places, it may not be as smooth and easy as visiting Canada, the Bahamas, or most European countries, where U.S. citizens can quickly walk through the customs line and obtain their stamp.

If you’re the efficient type, even this relatively simple process can go more quickly if your destination country participates in the Global Entry Program !

Bottom Line:   Americans can travel to 88% of the world with little to no up-front work (186 countries). However, there are 196 countries (not including territories), so do your research before you go to see what requirements you’ll meet at CBP!

Unfortunately, this category isn’t quite as simple. While we do have pretty good reciprocal agreements with many countries, citizens from some countries cannot simply travel to the U.S. without prior permission.

To travel to the U.S., visitors need to apply and be approved by the U.S. Department of State. Visa requirements differ per country.

You Can Complete Your Visa Application Online

Many can utilize the Electronic System for Travel Authorization , or ESTA, in order to complete their visa application online.

According to the ESTA website, there are currently 40 countries participating in the Visa Waiver Program (VWP), which allows people from another country to visit the U.S. without a pre-authorized visa.

The following countries are included in this program, which allows travel for up to 90 days without obtaining any other type of visa:

Note:   foreign nationals who are also nationals of Iraq, Iran, Sudan, and Syria are not eligible for the VWP.

*Taiwan’s status as a country is still in dispute by China and other countries, but the U.S. recognizes Taiwan as an independent nation.

**UK citizens must permanently reside in the UK, including England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, the Channel Islands, and the Isle of Man.

In order to obtain this visa, visitors must apply for ESTA and be approved. If you are not a citizen of these countries or were not approved in ESTA, you must apply for a B-2 tourist visa .

The VWP program gives foreign nationals access to the U.S. (multiple visits) for up to 2 years.

There are a couple of additional ways to visit the U.S., including through a student visa or a work visa, which we will be discussing shortly.

Bottom Line:   Traveling to the U.S. requires some up-front work, whether that is applying in ESTA or researching how to submit a B-2 tourist visa application.

An immigration visa is one that authorizes a person to permanently reside in a country. This is closely related to the naturalization and citizenship process , though immigration does not necessarily suggest citizenship.

If you’ve heard someone mention the term “Green Card,” they were actually talking about the immigration type of visa. Green Cards do not, however, simply grant citizenship.

What a Green Card will do is allow the holder to both live and work in the U.S., as this card is the path to obtaining citizenship.

The citizenship process, also known as naturalization, is the final step in becoming a full citizen of the U.S. Green Card holders must wait five years before applying for citizenship.

Full rights to all laws (including being subject to them) are granted upon naturalization, which allows the bearer to travel as a U.S. citizen would to all other various countries.

There are multiple paths to getting an immigrant visa and several different ways in which to obtain it:

• Through family
• Through employment
• Through investment
• Through the diversity lottery
• Through refugee or asylum status
• Through “The Registry”

Type #3 –  Student Visa Requirements: Get Your Education Abroad

The “ Study Abroad ” visa! If only we all were able to do this. A student visa is obtained when you are visiting a country for the purpose of an educational experience.

While many would agree that all travel, regardless of reason, ends up being an educational experience, travel here refers to trips in which you will be attending classes or studying particular subjects.

These visas apply to exchange students of just a few weeks or those staying a year or more. Requirements vary per visa and per country…as per usual!

Note:  A student visa is also a non-immigrant visa.

For U.S. citizens wanting to study elsewhere, you have lots of options. While there is not a full list put together, you will likely have the best luck finding a place to study abroad by researching through a university.

StudyAbroadUniversities.com is a great resource to help you in this regard.

Your ability to study abroad will be limited to the laws of the country you are trying to study in. Note that almost 60% of Americans who study abroad do so in Europe or Asia, and other countries are starting to become more popular.

Each year, there are over 300,000 students that study abroad from the U.S. (approximately 1.5% of students). These figures contrast starkly with a country like Germany, where around 30% of their students study abroad.

Any foreign national studying in the U.S. will need a U.S. Student Visa, which will fall under the letters F and M.

Also included in this category are visas for academics and education professionals going abroad for particular work studies or trips.

These types of visas fall under the letter J, which might also be considered a work visa.

Over 1 million students from abroad studied in the U.S. in the 2022-2023 school year.

The fourth and final type of visa is the strictest and most difficult to obtain in any country: the work visa.

This is for a very simple reason: governments want economic activity in their country to be driven by their own citizens.

Overall, the U.S. is particularly stern on these requirements. Many different types of work visas exist, and they’re all given a not-very-aptly-named letter:

• Exchange Visitor Visa: J
• Media Visa: I
• Trade Treaty and Investor Visa: E
• NAFTA Professional Worker Visa: TN/TD

Each country wants to ensure that its own citizens have priority for the jobs available in that country. However, if you have your own business, it could possibly be easier to obtain one of these coveted visas.

Note:  Work visas can be either immigrant or non-immigrant in nature.

For U.S. citizens looking to work abroad, you’ll need to research each location’s requirements before you go.

There will be more details on work visas in our upcoming piece. Until then, you can check out more work visa requirements on the U.S. State Department website. Here, you’ll find information for foreign nationals trying to get into the U.S.  as well as Americans going abroad .

It is possible that your status changes while you’re in the country, and you may need to update your visa. This can also be a way to extend your stay in the country if you are required to leave soon.

Let’s say you’re on a temporary work visa but then decide you want to stay longer. You would likely have to apply for a non-immigrant work visa to allow you to stay in the country for a bit more time.

Alternatively, you could be working already but then begin dating someone you are going to marry. In this case, you’d get your status changed to a fiancé or spouse visa.

Perhaps you’re a student studying abroad who is offered an excellent opportunity to work because of your special skills.

You could then switch to a work visa, which would allow you to work and earn money while still continuing to study if desired. On a student visa alone, you aren’t allowed to work unless your job is on the campus at which you are studying.

When Do I Need to Worry About Getting a Visa?

Unless you are familiar with the visa requirements of the country you’re planning to visit, you should always do a quick search on whether or not a visa is required. This is much easier in the age of the internet and usually takes no more than five minutes of research .

Here’s a great site that covers every country’s visa requirements in one list (both business and personal, but does not cover study abroad for student visas (which require special approval).

In general, the easiest countries for U.S. citizens to visit include Canada, Mexico, the Bahamas, Caribbean countries (excluding Cuba), and most European countries.

Asia is a mixed bag, with some countries requiring prior authorization (such as India and Russia), some requiring an on-site application (such as Cambodia), and others allowing a generous and easy entry (such as Japan).

Africa, the Middle East, and South America make up the majority of locations that require U.S. citizens to obtain prior authorization on a visa.

Use the above information as a rule of thumb, and be sure to check specifics ahead of time. If you’re new to traveling, the easiest places to start are Canada, Mexico, and Europe due to their relaxed visitor agreements and low, competitive prices on flights.

Of course, some of you can even drive to Canada and Mexico on a single tank of gas! Just be sure to remember your passport ! You’ll still need it when crossing the border unless you have a NEXUS card or Passport Card, which acts as a visa itself.

Bottom Line:   To be safe, you should always research your destinations’ visa requirements. You can save lots of trouble with a few minutes of research on the internet. For more info, check out our article: Do I Need a Visa? 100+ Countries with Tourist Visa Requirements for U.S. Citizens

Here is a list of very popular destinations that require pre-approval for travel from the U.S.:

• Saudi Arabia

There are more countries not listed here, but the listed ones are popular travel spots. In the upcoming series, we will release guides to getting visas for these specific countries.

There is a caveat to the “you don’t need a visa to travel to…” rule. Regardless of pre-authorized visa requirements, most countries require you to have at least six months of validity left on your passport before entering the country.

Though this may seem random, the rule exists to ensure you don’t get stuck in a country with an expired passport, which could end up a much, much worse situation than you ever want to deal with!

So, be sure to keep your passport validity up to date. Check out our guide to renewing your passport for more info.

Additionally, while many countries require a visa to be obtained prior to landing, some of these countries have special exceptions for short, transiting trips.

For instance, China now allows you to transit through for 72 hours as long as you have met certain requirements . You can look up these for any country by searching “[destination] transit visa rules” on Google for more info.

Usually, these rules depend on where you are traveling, so contacting the U.S. embassy at your destination is the best choice.

Even once you know the process, getting your visa can be stressful. If you’re the type who just doesn’t want to think about it, you can hire a business that specializes in this type of thing.

Many visa application and expediting companies exist to help you secure your visa before you travel. They can also help answer any questions and assist with preparing anything you’ll need throughout the process.

Uncertain if you can work while you’re in the other country? Will you be able to take some classes? How long can you stay?

If you don’t know the answers and don’t want to research, professional visa services can help make your trip a little more peaceful.

As discussed previously, you should try to apply for your visa online first since most places allow this. Simply do a Google search for “[destination] visa requirements for Americans,” and you’ll likely find something.

Typically, these requirements and applications are posted on the government websites of the target vacation (or other) spots.

For any country in which the U.S. doesn’t have a direct agreement, you will have to pay visa fees. This includes on-site visas and other pre-approved visa countries.

Fees can range anywhere from $20-$200 or more, and it depends on the length of the visa you purchase.

Do your research and determine what the best value is for you so you don’t pay too much in visa fees.

There is much more to say about visas, which you will learn as this series continues. For now, be sure to do your research and get authorized beforehand if necessary.

Which type of visa do you need? Probably 1 of the 4 main types: tourist, immigration, student, or work.

U.S. citizens can visit 143 countries and territories without a pre-approved visa. Each of these is good for a different length of stay, although 90 days is one of the most common lengths.

Some places like India require a pre-approved visa that can take months to process, so start early!

What happens if you don’t get your pre-authorization? Well, if the airline doesn’t catch it, then you will simply be stopped while going through customs in the country you are visiting.

You will not be allowed to enter and instead will be stuck in customs to catch the next flight back out of that country.

Bottom Line: Don’t be turned away at the door. Research and get your visas before you travel!

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is a travel visa.

A travel visa is a document that authorizes you to travel to another country besides the one you are a citizen of.

Why do we need a travel visa?

Visas were created as a way to protect the borders of countries and keep citizens safe. As the world becomes safer, visa agreements become more common, allowing people to visit countries of the world with little up-front work.

How do you travel on a visa?

For U.S. Citizens, the process is pretty simple in most cases. You can show up in another country and enter through the Customs area. The Border Patrol agent will stamp your passport with your travel visa!

However, for some other countries and those visiting the U.S., you must submit a visa application to the State Department. This can sometimes be done online, like through the U.S. ESTA system (for non-U.S. citizen visitors).

Can you travel without a visa? When is a travel visa required?

You cannot technically travel to any other country without a visa. However, in many countries, the governments have already negotiated visas behind the scenes, allowing you to obtain a travel visa on the spot.

Americans can travel to 186 countries and territories around the world with little to no up-front work and obtain a visa upon landing!

How do you apply for a travel visa?

Visa applications can be simple in some cases and time-consuming and cumbersome in others. You can often apply for a visa to your desired country online through an electronic system.

Travelers to the U.S. can use the ESTA system, which allows them to obtain a 90-day U.S. travel visa for up to 2 years.

Other visas, however, require finding and printing forms and sending them in the mail for approval. Then, you must wait for that approval or denial, which can take weeks or even months.

You will need to research your particular situation, as there are too many to list here.

Which countries require a travel visa?

All countries require a travel visa, although the requirements differ between different countries. Depending on your citizenship and where you are traveling, you could obtain an on-site visa, or you may have to apply far ahead of time.

US Citizens can travel to 186 countries and territories without much or any up-front work, although you technically still obtain visas when you arrive.

Who issues travel visas?

Each country’s government is responsible for issuing travel visas. In the U.S., the Department of State regulates and issues travel visas.

Why would a travel visa be denied?

While denial is not common, it happens. If you have certain criminal background status or, in some cases, even heritage, you may be denied. Research reasons for denial for each country before applying.

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About Brian Graham

Brian’s first ever airplane ride was in a private turbo-prop jet. He was merely an intern boy trying to make a good impression, but it turns out the plane made an impression on him.

It wasn’t until Brian relocated to Dallas, TX, and moved in with an American Airlines employee that he truly discovered how incredible travel could be.

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US Visitor Visa Guide: Business, Pleasure, Tourist, Medical Treatment

Generally, a citizen of a foreign country who wishes to enter the United States must first obtain a visa, either a nonimmigrant visa for a temporary stay, or an immigrant visa for permanent residence. Visitor visas are nonimmigrant visas for persons who want to enter the United States temporarily for business (visa category B-1), for tourism (visa category B-2), or for a combination of both purposes (B-1/B-2).

Here are some examples of activities permitted with a visitor visa:

Business (B-1):

• Consult with business associates
• Attend a scientific, educational, professional, or business convention or conference
• Settle an estate
• Negotiate a contract

Business (B-2):

• Vacation (holiday)
• Visit with friends or relatives
• Medical treatment
• Participation in social events hosted by fraternal, social, or service organizations
• Participation by amateurs in musical, sports, or similar events or contests, if not being paid for participating
• Enrollment in a short recreational course of study, not for credit toward a degree (for example, a two-day cooking class while on vacation)

Travel Purposes Not Allowed on Visitor Visas:

• Paid performances, or any professional performance before a paying audience
• Arrival as a crewmember on a ship or aircraft
• Work as foreign press, in radio, film, print journalism, or other information media
• Permanent residence in the United States

How to Apply

There are several steps to apply for a visa. The order of these steps and how you complete them may vary by U.S. Embassy or Consulate. Please consult the instructions on the  U.S. Embassy or Consulate website .

Complete the Online Visa Application

• Online Nonimmigrant Visa Application,   Form DS-160   –   Learn more   about completing the   DS-160 . You must: 1) complete the online visa application and 2) print the application form confirmation page to bring to your interview.
• Photo   – You will upload your photo while completing the online Form DS-160. Your photo must be in the format explained in the   Photograph Requirements .

Schedule an Interview

Interviews are generally required for visa applicants with certain limited exceptions below. Consular officers may require an interview of any visa applicant.

You should schedule an appointment for your visa interview at the  U.S. Embassy or Consulate  in the country where you live. You may schedule your interview at another U.S. Embassy or Consulate, but be aware that it may be more difficult to qualify for a visa outside of the country where you live. 

Wait times for interview appointments vary by location, season, and visa category, so you should apply for your visa early. Review the interview wait time for the location where you will apply: 

https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/visa-information-resources/wait-times.html

Prepare for Your Interview

• Fees - Pay the non-refundable visa application fee , if you are required to pay it before your interview. If your visa is approved, you may also need to pay a visa issuance fee, if applicable to your nationality. Fee information is provided here:  https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/visa-information-resources/fees/fees-visa-services.html
• Review the instructions available on the website of the  U.S. Embassy or Consulate  where you will apply to learn more about fee payment.

Gather Required Documentation

Gather and prepare the following required documents before your visa interview:

• Passport   valid for travel to the United States – Your passport must be valid for at least six months beyond your period of stay in the United States (unless exempt by   country-specific agreements ). Each individual who needs a visa must submit a separate application, including any family members listed in your passport.
• Nonimmigrant Visa Application,   Form DS-160   confirmation page.
• Application fee payment receipt,   if you are required to pay before your interview.
• Photo   – You will upload your photo while completing the online Form DS-160. If the   photo upload fails,   you must bring one printed photo in the format explained in the   Photograph Requirements .

Additional Documentation May Be Required

Review the instructions for how to apply for a visa on the website of the   U.S. Embassy or Consulate   where you will apply. Additional documents may be requested to establish if you are qualified. For example, additional requested documents may include evidence of:

• The purpose of your trip,
• Your intent to depart the United States after your trip, and/or
• Your ability to pay all costs of the trip.   

Evidence of your employment and/or your family ties may be sufficient to show the purpose of your trip and your intent to return to your home country. If you cannot cover all the costs for your trip, you may show evidence that another person will cover some or all costs for your trip.

Note:  Visa applicants must qualify on the basis of the applicant's residence and ties abroad, rather than assurances from U.S. family and friends. A letter of invitation or Affidavit of Support is not needed to apply for a visitor visa. If you choose to bring a letter of invitation or Affidavit of Support to your interview, please remember it is not one of the factors used in determining whether to issue or deny the visa.

Attend Your Visa Interview

A consular officer will interview you to determine whether you are qualified to receive a visitor visa. You must establish that you meet the requirements under U.S. law to receive a visa.   Ink-free, digital fingerprint scans are taken as part of the application process. They are usually taken during your interview, but this varies based on location.

After your visa interview, the consular officer may determine that your application requires further  administrative processing .  The consular officer will inform you if this required.

After the visa is approved, you may need to pay a visa issuance fee (if applicable to your nationality), and make arrangements for the return of the passport and visa to you.  Review the  visa processing times  to learn more.

Entering the United States

A visa allows a foreign citizen to travel to a U.S. port-of-entry (generally an airport) and request permission to enter the United States. A visa does not guarantee entry into the United States. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS), U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) officials at the port-of-entry have authority to permit or deny admission to the United States. If you are allowed to enter the United States, the CBP official will provide an admission stamp or a paper Form I-94, Arrival/Departure Record. Learn more about admissions and entry requirements, restrictions about bringing food, agricultural products, and other restricted/prohibited goods, and more by reviewing the   CBP website .

Extending Your Stay

See  Extend Your Stay  on the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) website to learn about requesting to extend your stay beyond the date indicated on your admission stamp or paper Form I-94. 

Failure to depart the United States on time will result in being  out of status . Under U.S. law, visas of individuals who are out of status are automatically voided ( Section 222(g) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ).  Any multiple entry visa that was voided due to being out of status will not be valid for future entries into the United States. 

Failure to depart the United States on time may also result in you being ineligible for visas in the future. Review  Visa Denials  and  Ineligibilities and Waivers: Laws  to learn more.

Change of Status

If your plans change while in the United States (for example, you marry a U.S. citizen or receive an offer of employment), you may be able to request a change in your nonimmigrant status to another category through U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). See  Change My Nonimmigrant Status  on the USCIS website to learn more.

While you are in the United States, receiving a change of status from USCIS does not require you to apply for a new visa.  However, once you depart the United States you must apply for a new visa at a U.S. Embassy or Consulate in the appropriate category for your travel.

Additional Information

• An individual on a visitor visa (B1/B2) is not permitted to accept employment or work in the United States.
• There is no guarantee you will be issued a visa. Do not make final travel plans or buy tickets until you have a visa.
• A valid U.S. visa in an expired passport is still valid. Unless canceled or revoked, a visa is valid until its expiration date. If you have a valid visa in your expired passport, do not remove it from your expired passport. You may use your valid visa in your expired passport along with a new valid passport for travel and admission to the United States. 

Edited November 24, 2019 by Captain Ewok

NOTE: The above information does not address the specific requirements for any given case and is not a substitute for the advice of an attorney.

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A Guide to U.S. Nonimmigrant Visas

If you would like to visit the United States and you're not a U.S. citizen or a lawful permanent resident, you will have to get a nonimmigrant visa to make the trip. Nonimmigrant visas are available for different travel reasons, and U.S. embassies and consulates worldwide grant them for a temporary period. This guide explains what U.S. nonimmigrant visas are and who needs to get one. We also describe the different types of U.S. nonimmigrant visas and the application process step by step.

Written by Jonathan Petts .  Updated December 7, 2022

What Are U.S. Nonimmigrant Visas?

Unlike immigrant visas, such as green cards , which are for people who plan to permanently live in the United States, nonimmigrant visas are for those who want to make short visits. Nonimmigrant visas are available for tourism, college, or business purposes. They usually have a set end date.

Who Needs a Nonimmigrant Visa?

If you are not a U.S. citizen or lawful permanent resident and plan to temporarily come to the United States, you need a nonimmigrant visa. 

However, for foreign nationals from certain home countries, you won't need one as long as you visit the United States for less than 90 days for tourism, business, or while in transit. This program is called the Visa Waiver Program (VWP), and it applies to people from 40 countries and territories, including most within the European Union. In addition, most Canadians will not need a visa to enter the United States unless they plan to work, study, invest, or immigrate.

The Visa Waiver Program has multiple rules for eligibility. You have to enroll in the Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA) program before air travel. You can only stay in the United States for a maximum period of 90 days with no extension. You cannot have a history of having a U.S. visa refused or denied. You will also have to prove you have strong ties to your home country and won’t overstay your visa.  

What Are the Nonimmigrant Visa Types?

There are three primary nonimmigrant visa categories. You can visit the United States for temporary tourism or business, study, and work. 

Visitor Visas (B Visas)

If you plan to visit the United States for tourism or temporary business, you need a B-1 or B-2 visa unless the Visa Waiver Program covers your home country. For your U.S. visa application, you will have to provide documents to the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) that explain the reasons for your trip and your trip itinerary. 

Your visa validity could last between three months and 10 years and depends on your home country. You can enter the United States anytime, either once or multiple times within the period of time that the visa is valid. 

How Long Can I Stay With a Visitor Visa?

The government official from Customs and Border Patrol (CBP) at your port of entry determines how long you can stay in the United States. The maximum is six months. You may extend this time, but you will have to apply 45 days before the visa expires, and immigration authorities may reject your extension. Your I-94 Form will indicate the length of stay. This is different from your visa expiry date. You can only stay as long as the I-94 Form indicates. Still, you can leave and re-enter the United States again during the visa validity period. 

Study or Work-Exchange Visas (F, M, and J Visas)

If you plan to be a student in the United States, you will also need a visa. The first type of visa available to students is the F-1 visa for full-time students at an accredited educational institution. Institutions include colleges, high schools, seminaries, and conservatories. If you want to get a job, you can only have on-campus employment. The second type of visa is an F-2 visa, which is for spouses or children of F-1 visa holders. The final option is an F-3 visa for people who live in Canada or Mexico and commute to the United States for their studies. 

Another type of student visa is the M visa , for students at vocational or other accredited nonacademic institutions. However, language training programs fall under the F visa category. 

For work- or study-based exchange visitors, there is the J-1 visa. These visa holders could include teachers, interns, au-pairs, and other participants in exchange visitor programs. They must be part of a program that promotes cultural exchange. There are also specific categories of eligibility, such as proficiency in English. J-2 visas are for dependents of J-1 visa holders. 

Employment Visas (H, L, Q P, C, D, G Visas)

Work visas allow people to enter the United States for a temporary period. The visa does not apply to indefinite or permanent work — only U.S. citizens and permanent residents can work in the country permanently. Your employer needs to start the visa application process by filing a petition with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). If accepted, you can get a nonimmigrant work visa. 

There are multiple visa classifications for temporary workers. H-1B and H-1B1 visas are for professional jobs. These jobs must require at least a bachelor’s degree. You must have an employer sponsor. 

H-2A and H-2B visas are for seasonal work that don’t have available U.S. citizens as employees. This could include agricultural work. 

L-1A or L-1B visas are for people transferring from within a multinational company to a U.S. office. O-1 visas are for people with unique talents. P-1A, P1-B, P2, and P-3 visas are for artists and entertainers. Q visas are for people participating in international cultural exchange. C-1, D, and C-1/D visas are for crew members of ships or airline employees. 

G visas are diplomatic non-immigrant visas issued to individuals representing foreign governments who are working in international organizations in the United States.

How To Apply for a U.S. Nonimmigrant Visa

For a nonimmigrant visa application, you need to fill out Form DS-160 , pay a fee, and schedule an interview. Then, you need to get your documents and attend the visa interview. 

Step1: Complete Form DS-160

First, you need to fill out Form DS-160 . You will need to provide lots of personal information. This information includes travel history , employment history, information about your family members, and more. 

Step 2: Pay the Visa Fee

Next, you will have to pay an application fee. You will pay this to a consular section at a U.S. embassy or consulate responsible for visa services. The fee is $160. However, if you are a temporary worker, you will have to pay $190. You can pay this processing fee when you submit your application form.  

Step 3: Schedule Your Visa Interview

The next step for visa applicants is to schedule an interview at a U.S. consulate or embassy. You should check ahead of time through the U.S. Department of State about appointment wait times. Check that there are no current travel restrictions, such as coronavirus pandemic-related ones. Your visa appointment wait time will depend on the U.S. Consulate General location you choose. 

Step 4: Gather Supporting Documents

You will have to bring documents to your interview. These include a valid passport, a passport photograph, the Form DS-160 confirmation page, proof of payment, and a printout of your interview appointment letter. 

You may also have to show proof of your nonimmigrant intent. This intent means evidence you will return to your home country after visiting the United States. For example, you may have to show your travel itinerary, employment documents from your home country, or invitation letters from family or friends. 

Step 5: Attend Your Visa Interview

At your interview, you will have to swear under oath and have your fingerprints taken. The consular officer will review your application and documents. They may ask questions about why you want to visit, your itinerary, and how you will pay for it. The interview may be short or long. It is essential to give accurate answers. 

Step 6: Receive a Decision From U.S. Embassy

After your visa issuance, you can travel to the United States anytime until the expiry date on the visa. You will show your visa and passport to the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) officer at the port of entry. 

Form I-94 is a record of your entries or exits from the United States. It is usually electronic now. You can either find it online or ask the officer at the port of entry for one. 

It is very important to know the entry date on your Form I-94. You want to ensure you will not overstay your visa. Your I-94 exit date could be earlier than your visa expiry date. The I-94 date takes precedence over your visa stamp, so make sure to check the form carefully. U.S. immigration law enforces strong consequences for overstaying your visa, including travel bans from the United States. 

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What is the difference between an immigrant visa and nonimmigrant visa?

Home » What is the difference between an immigrant visa and nonimmigrant visa?

July 25, 2021

Immigrant Visa

The U.S. government grants an immigrant visa to foreign-born individuals who intend make the United States a permanent home. Synonymous terms for immigrant visa include: permanent resident, immigrant, green card holder, and resident alien. Those with immigrant status may work in the United States and live within the U.S. with most of the privileges and rights as U.S. citizens. To acquire an immigrant via, most people are sponsored by a family member or employer in the United States. Other people may become permanent residents through refugee or asylum status or other humanitarian programs. Depending on the path, gaining immigrant status can be a lengthy and complex process.

RECOMMENDED: Family-based Immigration in the United States

Nonimmigrant Visa

The U.S. government grants other foreign-born individuals a nonimmigrant visa for the purposes of a temporary visit to the United States. Generally, the terms of a nonimmigrant visa require that the visa holder depart the U.S. within a certain time frame. The purpose for the visit may be tourism, business, temporary work, or school. Once a person has entered the U.S. in nonimmigrant status, they are restricted to the activity or reason for which they were allowed entry. For example, someone with a student visa must continue to be enrolled in school to keep within the terms of the visa. Most nonimmigrant visas are issued only to applicants who can demonstrate their intentions to return to their home country.

Mistakes on USCIS forms can cause costly delays or a denial.

Dual intent visas.

People applying for a nonimmigrant visa may be denied if they appear to have the true intention of visiting the U.S. for the purposes of obtaining immigrant status. Likewise, you may be violating the terms of your nonimmigrant visa if you come to the United States for the purposes of adjusting status to permanent resident status.

there is a class of visas that allow this “dual intent,” coming to the United States in a nonimmigrant status with the eventual intention or possibility of becoming a permanent immigrant. Presently, only E, H-1 and L nonimmigrant categories are allowed to enter and remain nonimmigrants while simultaneously pursuing permanent resident status. When applying for a nonimmigrant visa, it is important that the applicant be able to demonstrate family and employment related ties to their country of origin. Without these ties, the visa officer from a U.S. consulate may conclude that the visa application is only a pretext for an intent to stay permanently U.S. and may deny the application.

RECOMMENDED: Dual Intent Visas and the Concept of Nonimmigrant Intent Explained

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A visa type is determined by the applicant's purpose. Immigrant visas are issued to aliens who pursue permanent living in the United States, while nonimmigrant visas are required of aliens to temporarily stay in the United States for study, work, tourism, business, medical care and so on. Once issued, the visa is placed in the traveler’s passport. There are different types of nonimmigrant visas, which are determined by the purpose of travel.

The main visa categories are given letter designations:

• A – Diplomats and foreign government officials
• B – Temporary visitors for business and pleasure
• C – Foreigners in transit
• D – Crew members of airlines companies 
• E – Treaty traders and investors
• F & M – Students
• G – Employees of designated international organizations
• H – Temporary workers
• I – Foreign journalists
• J – Exchange visitors
• O – aliens with extraordinary abilities
• P – Performing athletes, artists, entertainers
• Q – Cultural exchange program participants
• R – Religious workers
• T – Victims of humans trafficking
• TN/TD – NAFTA professionals
• U – Victims of criminal activity
• V – Spouse and children of a lawful permanent resident

Depending on the purpose of entry,  immigration law has divided nonimmigrant visas into more than 30 categories:

Diplomats or government officials: .

A-1, A-2, A-3

Diplomats and other government officials and their immediate families on behalf of their national governments to work or attend activities in the United States must obtain A-1 or A-2 visas. “Personal employees, attendants, or domestic workers” for them may be issued A-3 visas.

Short-term visitors: 

B-1, B-2, VWP

The most applied visas are temporary visitors for business visa ( B-1 ) and temporary visitors for pleasure/tourism ( B-2 ) visa. Depending on the purpose of the trip, the visiting length varies from several days to 1 year and visiting times can be one or many times.

The foreigners from a nation under the Visa Waiver Program ( VWP ) can receive a visa waiver to travel to the United States for less than 90 days if they visit for business or tourism regulated under B-2 or B-1.

C-1, C-2, C-3

For those who are “traveling in immediate and continuous transit through the United States en route to another country.” If the they have a valid B visa or are a national of a VWP (Visa Waiver Program), they may travel the United States without applying for a C visa.

For crewmembers , who “work on board commercial sea vessels or international airlines” in the United States as normal operation requires, and “intend to depart the United States within 29 days” should apply D visas. If the crewmember will remain with the same vessel, a D-1 visa is applied. If they change and work on another vessel, then it's a D-2 visa.

Treaty traders or investors:

Foreigners who are citizens from countries that engage in commerce and navigation with the United States can work, invest, and engage in trade in the United States once they obtain E visas.

TN, H-1B1, E-3 

Some nations have special treaties with the United States and their citizens can apply for special visas that allow foreign nationals to work in the United States. These nations include United States-Canada-Mexico ( TN ), United States-Singapore-Chile ( H-1B1 ) and United States-Australia ( E-3 ).

Students, scholars, trainees, or exchange visitors: 

The course of study and school type will determine whether foreign students need F, J or M visas. Students who attend academic institutions (e.g., private elementary school, high school, university or college) in the United States can apply for F-1 student visas . Aliens with student visas are admitted for duration of status (D/S), which permits them to legally stay in the United States as long as they maintain their status as a student. For instance, a student keeps their status by enrolling in a degree-granting program. Once they do not attend school, or no longer satisfy the minimum course time requirement, they may lose their status and may be deported.   

After graduation, foreign students can search for temporary employment to extend their legal stay by applying Optional Practical Training (OPT) visa via the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). The student's major area of study decides the length of the OPT. It’s usually 12 months after the completion of an academic program. However, some students who earned degrees in certain science, technology, engineering, or mathematics ( STEM ) may hold an OPT status for up to 36 months.

Special education visitors or trainees  who cannot receive training in their home country or are admitted to practical training programs “in the education of children with mental, physical, or emotional disabilities” can apply for H-3 visas.

Aliens approved to participate in exchange visitor programs in the United States are qualified to apply for J visas. This includes short-term scholars, exchange students, interns, specialists, government visitors and so on.

Vocational or nonacademic students should apply for M visas. They do not have OPT and are not permitted to work in the United States.

Temporary workers :

Workers in specialty occupations with high education degrees or the equivalent working experiences can apply for H-1B visas. The H-1B visa is the most frequently used nonimmigrant visa for the employment of foreigners.

Temporary or seasonal agricultural workers from designated countries can work in the United States with H-2A visas.

Non-agricultural workers from designated countries use H-2B visas.

Intracompany Transferees who have continuously worked “at a branch, parent, affiliate, or subsidiary of the multinational organizations” aboard for 1 year “in a managerial or executive capacity, or in a position requiring specialized knowledge” can obtain L visas to work for the same employer in the United States. Workers in managerial or executive positions should apply for L-1A visas, and L-1B visas are for workers with specialized knowledge. The L visa allows multinational companies to transfer their key personnel into the United States. It has no academic degree requirements like H-1B.

O-1A, O-1B, O-2, O-3

Individuals with extraordinary ability or achievement in the “sciences, arts, education, business, or athletics” can obtain O-1A visas. Individuals who have “a demonstrated record of extraordinary achievement in the motion picture or television industry” can obtain O-1B visas. Individuals who will accompany these O-1 workers to assist them can apply for O-2 visas. The spouses and children of O-1 and O-B can get O-3 visas.

P-1A, P-1B, P-2, P-3

Athletes who attend “an internationally recognized level of sustained performance” in the United States can apply for P-1A visas. Members of internationally recognized entertainment groups can apply for P-1B visas. Artists and entertainers can apply for P-2 or P-3 visas.Foreigners who “provide essential services in support of above individuals” can apply for the same visas.

International cultural exchange program participants can temporarily work or practice in the United States with Q visas to share culture.

The prerequisites of all the above temporary worker visas are the prospective employer filing the petition with the United States  USCIS , and getting the visa petition approved.

Workers in special fields:

G-1, G-2, G-3, G-4, G-5 and NATO-1, NATO-2, NATO-3, NATO-4 NATO-5, NATO-6, NATO-7

Employees work for designated international organizations and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in the United States must obtain G or NATO visas. 

Foreign journalists who represent the foreign information media come to the United States for their profession can apply for I visas.

Religious workers who are employed by religious organizations in the United States and “have been a member of that religious denomination for at least two years preceding their application for admission to the United States” can get R visas.

Other special visa types:

Victims of criminal activities (e.g., domestic violence) who have “suffered substantial mental or physical abuse” may be eligible to petition for U visas to enter into the United States. The U visa is a result of the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act (TVPA) , which aims to protect women and children from abuse and trafficking.

Victims of human trafficking who are already physically present in the United States as a result of human trafficking can get T-1 visas to stay in the United States legally. Thus, T-1 visas are not issued by United States Embassies and Consulates abroad like other visa types.

For more information about nonimmigrant visas, please see the United States department of state website: https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/visa-information-resources/all-visa-categories.html . 

See also: Bureau of Consular Affairs 

[Last updated in April of 2022 by the Wex Definitions Team ]

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Exchange Visitors

The J-1 classification (exchange visitors) is authorized for those who intend to participate in an approved program for the purpose of teaching, instructing or lecturing, studying, observing, conducting research, consulting, demonstrating special skills, receiving training, or to receive graduate medical education or training.

In carrying out the responsibilities of the Exchange Visitor Program, the Department of State designates public and private entities to act as exchange sponsors. J-1 nonimmigrants are therefore sponsored by an exchange program that is designated as such by the U.S. Department of State. These programs are designed to promote the interchange of persons, knowledge, and skills, in the fields of education, arts, and science.

In January 2022, DOS announced measures to increase the flow of talent in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields. The Early Career STEM Research Initiative connects certain J-1 program sponsors with STEM-relevant sponsors, including businesses.

Information on the education, experience, and skills required to qualify is available at the DOS website .

Examples of exchange visitors include, but are not limited to:

• Professors or scholars
• Research assistants
• Specialists
• Camp counselors

The U.S. Department of State plays the primary role in administering the J-1 exchange visitor program, so the first step in obtaining a J-1 visa is to submit a Form DS-2019, Certificate of Eligibility for Exchange Visitor Status, (formerly known as an IAP-66). Your sponsoring agency will provide you this form. You should work closely with the officials at your sponsoring agency who will be assisting you through this process. An official who is authorized to issue Form DS-2019 is known as a responsible officer (RO) or alternate responsible officer (ARO). Your RO or ARO will explain to you what documents are needed in order to be issued a DS-2019.

After you have obtained a Form DS-2019, you may then apply for a J-1 visa through the U.S. Department of State at a U.S. Embassy or Consulate. The waiting time for an interview appointment for applicants can vary, so submitting your visa application as early as possible is strongly encouraged (though you may not enter the United States in J-1 status more than 30 days before your program begins).

Some J-1 nonimmigrants enter the United States specifically to work while others do not. Employment is authorized for J-1 nonimmigrants only under the terms of the exchange program. Please check with your sponsoring agency for more information on any restrictions that may apply to you working in the United States.

Your spouse and unmarried children under 21 years of age, regardless of nationality, are entitled to J-2 classification. Your spouse and children are entitled to employment authorization; however, their income may not be used to support you. To apply for employment authorization as a J-2 nonimmigrant, your spouse or child would file Form I-765, Application for Employment Authorization. For more information on the application procedures, see the  “Employment Authorization”  page.

• I-612, Application for Waiver of the Foreign Residence Requirement

Other USCIS Links

• Changing to a Nonimmigrant F or M Student Status

Non-USCIS Links

• DOL Wage and Hour Division
• DOS J Visa Waiver
• Student and Exchange Visitor Program, Immigration & Customs Enforcement
• IRS: Foreign Students and Scholars
• DHS: STEM OPT Hub
• DHS: Training Opportunities in the United States

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Update April 12, 2024

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Nonimmigrant Visa for a Spouse (K-3)

Important notice: same-sex marriage.

Same-sex spouses of U.S. citizens and Lawful Permanent Residents (LPRs), along with their minor children, are now eligible for the same immigration benefits as opposite-sex spouses. Consular officers at U.S. Embassies and Consulates will adjudicate their immigrant visa applications upon receipt of an approved I-130 or I-140  petition from  USCIS . For further information, please see our  FAQ’s .

• Overview - What is a K-3 Visa?
• What is a "Spouse"?

The International Marriage Broker Regulation Act of 2005 (IMBRA)

The first step: filing the petitions, the second step: applying for a visa, required documentation, review additional u.s. embassy/consulate-specific instructions, medical examination and vaccination requirements.

• Proof of Financial Support and Affidavit of Support forms

Do the Same Income Requirements Apply to Form I-134 as Apply to Form I-864?

• Fees - How Much Does a K Visa Cost?

Rights and Protections - Pamphlet

• My Petition Expired - Can It Be Extended?
• Ineligibilities for Visas - What if I am ineligible for a K visa?
• How Long Will it Take to Get My K Visa?

After You Receive a K-3 Visa

Does my u.s. citizen spouse need to file separate petitions for my children, are my children required to travel with me.

• Entering the United States - Port of Entry

Adjustment of Status, Working in the United States, and Traveling Outside of the United States

How to apply for a social security number card, further questions, overview - what is a k-3 visa.

The K-3 nonimmigrant visa is for the foreign-citizen spouse of a United States (U.S.) citizen. This visa category is intended to shorten the physical separation between the foreign-citizen and U.S. citizen spouses by having the option to obtain a nonimmigrant K-3 visa overseas and enter the United States to await approval of the immigrant visa petition.  K-3 visa recipients subsequently apply to adjust status to a permanent resident (LPR) with the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) upon approval of the petition. Because the spouse of a U.S. citizen applying for a nonimmigrant K-3 visa must have a immigrant visa petition filed on his or her behalf by his or her U.S. citizen spouse and pending approval, a K-3 applicant must meet some of the requirements of an immigrant visa. It should be noted that under U.S. immigration law, a foreign citizen who marries a U.S. citizen outside the U.S. must apply for the K-3 visa in the country where the marriage took place. Learn more in the  Applying for a Visa  section below.

Eligible children of K-3 visa applicants receive K-4 visas. Both K-3 and the K-4 visas allow their recipients to stay in the United States while immigrant visa petitions are pending approval by USCIS.

What is a "Spouse"?

A  spouse  is a legally wedded husband or wife. Same-sex spouses of U.S. citizens and Lawful Permanent Residents, along with their minor children, are now eligible for the same immigration benefits as opposite-sex spouses.

• Merely living together does not qualify a marriage for immigration.
• Common-law  spouses may qualify as spouses for immigration purposes depending on the laws of the country where the common-law marriage occurs.
• In cases of polygamy, only the first spouse may qualify as a spouse for immigration.

Detailed information about IMBRA requirements is contained in the  Form I-129F , Petition for Alien Fiancé(e), instructions.

• You, the U.S. citizen sponsor, must first file  Form I-130 , Petition for Alien Relative, with Department of Homeland Security (DHS), U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) office that serves the area where you live. The USCIS will send a Notice of Action (Form I-797)  receipt notice  to inform you that it has received the petition. See the USCIS website under  K-3/K-4 Nonimmigrant Visas  for more information.
• You must then file  Form I-129F , Petition for Alien Fiancé(e), for your foreign-citizen spouse and stepchildren. See  Direct Filing Addresses for Form I-129F, Petition for Alien Fiancé(e)  for information on where to file the petition for a K-3 visa.
• After USCIS approves the petitions, they will be sent to the  National Visa Center (NVC)  for processing.

Important Notice:

When both petitions have been approved by USCIS and sent to the NVC or when USCIS approves the I-130 before the I-129F, the availability of, as well as the need for, a nonimmigrant K-3 visa ends. If the NVC receives both an approved I-130 petition and an approved I-129F petition:

• The nonimmigrant K-3 visa case will be administratively closed.
• The application process explained below will not be available to the foreign-citizen spouse and cannot be used.
• The NVC will contact the U.S. citizen sponsor and foreign-citizen spouse, with instructions for processing the IR-1 (or CR-1) immigrant visa. For more information on the immigrant visa process, review the  Immigrant Visa for a Spouse  webpage.

The U.S. Embassy or Consulate where you, the foreign-citizen spouse, will apply will provide you with specific instructions, including, where to go for the required medical examination. During your interview, ink-free, digital fingerprint scans will be taken. Some visa applications require further  administrative processing , which takes additional time after the visa applicant’s interview by a Consular Officer.

Eligible children of K-3 visa applicants may apply for K-4 visas. Separate applications must be submitted for each K visa applicant, and each K visa applicant must pay the visa application fee.

You, the foreign-citizen spouse, (and eligible children applying for K-4 visas) will be required to bring the following forms and documents to the visa interview:

• Completed  Form DS-160 , Online Nonimmigrant Visa Application . You (and any eligible children applying for K-4 visas) must: (1) complete Form DS-160 and (2) print the DS-160 confirmation page to bring to your intervew. 
• A passport valid for travel  to the United States and with a validity date at least six months beyond your intended period of stay in the United States (unless  country-specific agreements  provide exemptions).
• Birth certificate
• Marriage certificate  for the marriage to the U.S. citizen spouse
• Divorce or death certificate(s)  of any previous spouse(s)
• Police certificates  from your present country of residence and all countries where you have lived for 6 months or more since age 16. (Police certificates are also required for accompanying children age 16 or older.) 
• Medical examination  (vaccinations are optional, see below)
• Evidence of financial support  ( Form I-134 , Affidavit of Support may be requested)
• Two (2) 2x2 photographs . See the required photo format explained in  Photograph Requirements
• Evidence of relationship  with your U.S. citizen spouse
• Payment of fees , as explained below

Note:  The consular officer may ask for additional information, such as wedding photographs and other proof that the marriage to your U.S. citizen spouse is genuine. Documents in foreign languages, other than the language of the country in which the application takes place, should be translated. Applicants should take to the visa interview all original civil documents, such as birth and marriage certificates as well as legible photocopies of the documents and translations. Original documents and translations will be returned.

There may be additional instructions for collecting documentation needed for your K visa interview. Review U.S. Embassy/Consulate-Specific Instructions  here , to learn what additional requirements there are, if any.

In preparing for the interview, applicants will need to schedule and complete a medical examination. Before the issuance of an immigrant or K visa, every applicant, regardless of age, must undergo a medical examination which  must be performed  by an authorized panel physician. You will be provided instructions regarding medical examinations from the U.S. Embassy or Consulate where you will apply for your visa, including information on authorized panel physicians. See  Medical Examination  for more information, including a list of panel physicians by country, and frequently asked questions.

K visa applicants are encouraged to get the vaccinations required under U.S. immigration law for immigrant visa applicants. Although such vaccinations are not required for K visa issuance, they will be required when adjusting status to that of legal permanent resident.  Applicants are therefore encouraged to fulfill these vaccination requirements at the time of the medical examination. See  Vaccination Requirements for IV Applicants  for the list of required vaccinations and additional information.

Proof of Financial Support and Affidavit of Support Forms

During the visa interview, applicants will be required to present evidence to the Consular Officer that they are not likely to become a public charge in the United States. You may present evidence that you are able to financially support yourself or that your U.S. citizen spouse is able to provide support. The Consular Officer may request that a  Form I-134 , Affidavit of Support, be submitted by the U.S. citizen spouse.

The U.S. citizen spouse will need to submit Form I-864 to USCIS with the application for adjustment of status to that of legal permanent resident.

No. The 125 percent of the federal poverty guideline minimum income requirement, the most recent year's tax return, and other requirements only apply when a Form I-864 is needed. Applicants using Form I-134 will need to show that their U.S. sponsor's income is 100 percent of the federal poverty guideline.

Fees are charged for the following services:

• Filing a Petition for Alien Relative, Form I-130
• Filing an Alien Fiancé(e) Petition, Form I-129F
• Nonimmigrant visa application processing fee, Form DS-160 (required for each K visa applicant)
• Medical examination (required for each K visa applicant; costs vary from post to post)
• Other costs may include translation and photocopying charges, fees for getting the documents required for the visa application (such as passport, police certificates, birth certificates, etc.), and travel expenses to the U.S. Embassy or Consulate for an interview. Costs vary from country to country and case to case.
• Filing Form I-485, Application to Register Permanent Residence or to Adjust Status

For current fees for Department of State, see  Fees for Visa Services . For current fees for USCIS, see  Check Filing Fees  on the USCIS website.

You should read the  Rights and Protections pamphlet  before your visa interview to learn about your rights in the United States relating to domestic violence, sexual assault, and child abuse and protection available to you. The consular officer will verbally summarize the pamphlet to you during your interview. Additionally, K-3 visa applicants will be provided with any existing criminal background information on their U.S. citizen spouses that USCIS received from other government agencies during processing of their Form I-129F petitions.

My Petition Expired – Can It Be Extended?

The I-129F petition is valid for four months from the date of approval by USCIS. A Consular Officer can extend the validity of the petition if it expires before visa processing is completed.

Ineligibilities for Visas

Certain conditions and activities may make you, the applicant, ineligible for a visa. Examples of these ineligibilities include: drug trafficking;  overstaying  a previous visa; and submitting fraudulent documents.

If you are ineligible for a visa, you will be informed by the Consular Officer and advised whether there is a  waiver  of the ineligibility and what the waiver process is. Learn more and see the complete list of  ineligibilities .

How Long Will It Take to Get My K Visa?

For Form I-129F, Petition for Alien Fiancé(e), you can visit the USCIS website for the status of your  petition .

Once your case has been received from NVC by the U.S. Embassy or Consulate that will process it, the length of time varies from case to case according to its circumstances. Some cases are delayed because applicants do not follow instructions carefully or supply incomplete information. (It is important to give us correct postal addresses and telephone numbers.) Some visa applications require further  administrative processing , which takes additional time after the visa applicant's interview by a Consular Officer.

If you are issued a K-3 visa, the consular officer will give you your passport containing the K-3 visa and a sealed packet containing the civil documents you provided, plus other documents prepared by the U.S. Embassy or Consulate. It is important that you  do not open the sealed packet . Only the DHS immigration official should open this packet when you enter the United States. As the K-3 visa holder, you must enter the U.S. before or at the same time as any qualifying children holding K-4 visas.

No. Your children may apply for K-4 visas based on the approval of Form I-129F, Petition for Alien Fiancé(e), that your U.S. citizen spouse filed on your behalf, but your U.S. citizen spouse must list the children on the petition. Separate visa applications must be submitted for each K-4 visa applicant, and each applicant must pay the K visa application fee. 

Your U.S. citizen spouse is also not required to file I-130 petitions on behalf of your children before he or she is able to list them on the I-129F petition. However, your U.S. citizen spouse must file separate I-130 immigrant visa petitions for your children before they can qualify for permanent residence or apply for adjustment of status. More information about adjustment of status is available on USCIS’s website under  Green Card (Permanent Residence) .

Important Notice:  Under U.S. immigration law, a  child  must be unmarried. In order to file for adjustment of status for your child, the child’s stepchild relationship with your spouse must be created before your child reaches the age of 18.

Your children may travel with (accompany) you to the United States or travel later (follow-to-join). Like you, your children must travel within the validity of their K-4 visas. Separate petitions are not required if the children accompany or follow to join you within one year from the date of issuance of your K-3 visa. If they want to travel later than one year from the date your K-3 visa was issued, they will not be eligible to receive K-4 visas, and separate immigrant visa petitions will be required. If your child has a valid K-4 visa and you have already adjusted status to that of permanent resident, your child may still travel on the K-4 visa.

Entering the United States: Port-of-Entry

A visa allows a foreign citizen to travel to the U.S. port-of-entry and request permission to enter the United States. You should be aware that a visa does not guarantee entry into the United States. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS), U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) officials have authority to permit or deny admission to the U.S. Upon arrival at the port-of-entry, be prepared to present to the CBP officer your passport with visa and your unopened/sealed packet containing your documents. Travelers should review important information about admissions and entry requirements on the CBP website under  Travel .

Information for K-3/K-4 visa holders about adjustment of status, permission to work in the United States, and travel outside of the United States is available on the USCIS website under  K-3/K-4 Nonimmigrant Visas .

To learn about applying for a Social Security Number Card, visit the website for the  Social Security Administration .

• If your inquiry concerns a visa case in progress at a U.S. Embassy or Consulate, you should first contact the U.S. Embassy or Consulate handling your case for status information. Select  U.S. Embassy or Consulate  to review their website for contact information.
• Before making an inquiry, we request that you carefully review this website. Often, the answers to questions are easily found which enables us to help other applicants and U.S. sponsors in need of assistance. Due to the volume of inquiries we receive, Visa Services cannot promise an immediate reply to your inquiry.
• You can find contact information for our Public Inquiries Division at  Contact Us .

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